黄石市磁湖水质时空分布及污染源解析

张冬萍; 刘蓬; 刘琳; 刘芫; 吴盛岚; 刘胜山; 李海波

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210679

黄石市磁湖水质时空分布及污染源解析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210679

张冬萍^1,,
刘蓬²,
刘琳³,
刘芫¹,
吴盛岚¹,
刘胜山¹,
李海波^1, ,

1.
湖北大学资源环境学院
2.
黄石市生态环境局
3.
武昌理工学院

基金项目: 长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目（第一期）（2019-LHYJ-01-0208-22），黄石市重点流域水生态环境保护“十四五”规划（2020-SST01），大冶湖磁湖水污染防治规划专项（20191126）

详细信息

作者简介:
张冬萍（1998—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事水环境污染防治研究，1259777260@qq.com

通讯作者:
李海波（1964—），男，教授，主要从事环境污染控制与生态修复研究，Lhb@hubu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X824
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-14
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-02

Temporal and spatial distribution of water quality and source apportionment in Cihu Lake, Huangshi City

1.
Faculty of Resources and Environment Science, Hubei University
2.
Huangshi Ecology and Environment Bureau
3.
Wuchang University of Technology

摘要

摘要: 为解析黄石磁湖污染来源和水质时空分布，以磁湖2015—2019年水质监测数据为基础进行污染因子主成分分析（PCA），通过绝对主成分-多元线性回归（APCS-MLR）受体模型计算污染源贡献率，采用反距离权重插值法（IDW）分析水质时空分布规律。结果表明：影响磁湖水质的第1、第2、第3主成分分别是城市面源、城镇生活污染源及气象因子；第1主成分对BOD₅、COD_Cr、COD_Mn、NH₃-N、TN、TP的贡献率最大，分别为88%、76%、67%、55%、46%、67%，第2主成分对BOD₅、NH₃-N的贡献率较大，分别为39%、32%。磁湖主要污染来源为城市面源及城镇生活污染源，受历史上工矿企业生产造成的底泥淤积和上游区域城镇生活污水排放的影响，磁湖下陆港入湖口（1#点位）处的污染最严重。
- 磁湖 /
- 水质 /
- 主成分分析 /
- 多元线性回归 /
- 污染源解析 /
- 反距离权重插值法
Abstract: In order to analyze the pollution sources and the spatial and temporal distribution of water quality in Cihu Lake, the principal component analysis (PCA) of pollution factors was conducted based on the water quality monitoring data of Cihu Lake from 2015 to 2019, and the contribution rate of pollution sources were calculated by absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) receptor model, and the inverse distance weight interpolation (IDW) method was used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of water quality. The results showed that the 1st, 2nd and 3rd principal components affecting the water quality of Cihu Lake were urban non-point sources, urban domestic pollution sources and meteorological factors, respectively; the contribution of the 1st principal component to BOD₅(88%), COD_Cr(76%), COD_Mn(67%), NH₃-N (55%), TN (46%) and TP (67%) was the largest, and the contribution of the 2nd principal component to BOD₅ (39%), NH₃-N (32%) was larger. Overall, the main pollution sources of Cihu Lake were urban non-point sources and urban domestic pollution sources. From the spatial and temporal distribution map of the water quality, it could be seen that the most serious pollution was at the inlet of Xialu Port (point 1#), which was mainly affected by the siltation of bottom mud formed by the production of historically industrial and mining enterprises and urban domestic sewage in the upstream area.
- Cihu Lake /
- water quality /
- principal component analysis /
- multiple linear regression /
- source apportionment /
- inverse distance weight interpolation method

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图 1 磁湖水质监测点位

Figure 1. Water quality monitoring stations in Cihu Lake

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图 2 各主成分特征值碎石图

Figure 2. Scree plot of eigenvalues of each principal component

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图 3 各主成分因子载荷

Figure 3. Factor loading diagram of each principal component

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图 4 磁湖主要污染指标实测值与预测值对比

Figure 4. Comparison of observed and predicted values of key pollution indicators in Cihu Lake

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图 5 2015—2019年磁湖水质时空分布

Figure 5. Spatial and temporal distribution of water quality in Cihu Lake in 2015-2019

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表 1 监测指标描述性统计

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of monitoring indicators

水质指标	最小值(M)	最大值(X)	平均值(E)	标准偏差
TW/℃	16.20	21.90	18.60	1.63
pH	6.99	8.65	8.12	0.38
EC/(mS/m)	32.40	48.30	39.70	4.02
DO浓度/(mg/L)	4.42	11.30	8.42	1.30
COD_Mn/(mg/L)	3.370	5.950	4.470	0.624
BOD₅/(mg/L)	2.29	8.13	4.07	1.46
NH₃-N浓度 /(mg/L)	0.070	1.830	0.356	0.335
COD_Cr/(mg/L)	15.60	26.50	19.60	2.83
TN浓度/(mg/L)	0.750	3.900	1.690	0.836
TP浓度/(mg/L)	0.070	0.250	0.111	0.035
F浓度/(mg/L)	0.350	0.487	0.410	0.030

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表 2 磁湖各断面水质综合评价结果

Table 2. Comprehensive evaluation results of water quality of each section of Cihu Lake

项目	点位
项目	1#	2#	3#	4#	5#	6#	7#	8#	9#	10#	11#	12#
A1	1.250	0.664	0.068	0.080	−0.273	−0.044	−0.398	−0.636	−0.535	−0.529	−0.487	0.845
A2	0.944	0.344	0.217	0.024	0.055	−0.028	−0.436	−0.516	−0.514	−0.760	−0.344	1.010
A3	1.370	0.651	0.624	0.355	0.445	0.119	−0.776	−0.688	−0.694	−0.672	−0.394	−0.341
A	1.180	0.554	0.254	0.129	0.012	0.001	−0.503	−0.608	−0.567	−0.640	−0.416	0.609
排名	1	3	4	5	6	7	9	11	10	12	8	2

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表 3 磁湖主要污染指标的污染源贡献率

Table 3. Contribution rates of pollution sources to main pollution indexes in Cihu Lake

污染源	污染源对指标的贡献率/%
污染源	BOD₅	COD_Cr	COD_Mn	NH₃-N	TN	TP
F1	42	88	76	55	46	67
F2	39			32	21	10
F3		12			21
未识别源	19		24	12	11	23

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