黔南州重安江流域水环境现状及成因分析

马欢; 计伟; 冯朝阳; 李付杰; 姜程; 宋婷; 杨娇

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210692

黔南州重安江流域水环境现状及成因分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210692

马欢^{1, 2,},
计伟^{1, 2, ,},
冯朝阳^{1, 2},
李付杰^{1, 2},
姜程³,
宋婷^{1, 2},
杨娇^{1, 2}

1.
中国环境科学研究院
2.
国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
3.
黔南州生态环境局

基金项目: 长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目（第一期）（2019-LHYJ-01）

详细信息

作者简介:
马欢（1992—），女，硕士，主要从事生态环境质量评价与应用研究，ma.huan@craes.org.cn

通讯作者:
计伟（1984—），女，博士，主要从事生态质量监测和评价研究，ji.wei@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X522
计量
- 文章访问数: 409
- HTML全文浏览量: 211
- PDF下载量: 29
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-02

Water environment status and causes analysis of Chong'an River Basin in Qiannan Prefecture

MA Huan^{1, 2
,},
JI Wei^{1, 2
, ,},
FENG Chaoyang^{1, 2},
LI Fujie^{1, 2},
JIANG Cheng³,
SONG Ting^{1, 2},
YANG Jiao^{1, 2}

1.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
3.
Qiannan Prefecture Environmental Protection Bureau

摘要

摘要: 从流域尺度研究黔南州重安江水环境质量变化特征，分析流域水环境现状。结果表明：黔南州重安江流域水质在2018年前总体较差，干流除黑塘桥断面外均在2018年消除劣Ⅴ类水体，支流五里桥断面水质在2019年达到Ⅲ类，川恒公司排口下游断面水质在2020年达到Ⅲ类，流域水环境时空异质性显著，上游水质总体优于下游。从超标污染物来看，均为总磷超标，另外部分断面氟化物超标，2015年凤山桥边断面总磷浓度最高，达到17.3 mg/L。根据流域各污染源负荷分析可知，60.41%总磷污染来自畜禽养殖。根据水资源利用情况分析可知，农业面源污染是流域水污染的主要来源。针对流域水环境现状提出持续推进重点污染源治理工程、加强水生态修复与治理措施、加强重安江流域水环境联防联控等流域综合治理措施。
- 黔南州 /
- 长江流域 /
- 重安江 /
- 水环境 /
- 成因分析
Abstract: The change characteristics of water environmental quality of Chong'an River Basin in Qiannan Prefecture were studied at the watershed scale, and the water environmental status of the watershed was comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the water quality of Chong'an River Basin in Qiannan Prefecture was generally poor before 2018. For the trunk stream, except for the section of Heitang Bridge, all other sections eliminated the water body inferior to Grade Ⅴ in 2018. In terms of tributaries, Wuliqiao section was better than Grade Ⅲ in 2019, and the downstream of Chuanheng's outfall section was better than Grade Ⅲ in 2020. The results showed a pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity of water environment quality, and the water quality in the upstream was overall better than that in the downstream. In terms of pollutants, total phosphorus in all the sections and fluoride in some sections exceeded the standard. In 2015, the total phosphorus in Fengshan bridge section was the highest with 17.3 mg/L. The analysis showed that agricultural sources contributed the most to the water environment pollution in the basin. In the end, the comprehensive management measures for the basin were put forward, such as continuously promoting key pollution source control projects, strengthening water ecological restoration and control measures, and strengthening joint prevention and control of water environment in Chong'an River basin.
- Qiannan Prefecture /
- Yangtze River Basin /
- Chong'an River /
- water environment /
- causes analysis

HTML全文

图 1 黔南州重安江流域监测断面分布

Figure 1. Distribution map of monitoring sections of Chong'an River Basin in Qiannan Prefecture

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 重安江流域干流断面水质变化

Figure 2. Variation of water quality in the trunk stream sections of Chong'an River Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 重安江流域支流断面水质变化

Figure 3. Variation of water quality in the tributary sections of Chong'an River Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 2015年和2019年黔南州及黔南州长江流域水资源利用情况

Figure 4. Utilization of water resourcesin Qiannan Prefecture and Yangtze River Basin of Qiannan Prefecture in 2015 and 2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 重安江流域各段面水质变化

Table 1. Changes of water quality in each section in Chong'an River Basin

级别	所属河道	断面名称	控制级别	2015年	2016年	2017年	2018年	2019年	2020年
干流	鱼梁江	黑塘桥	其他	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅱ
		吴家桥	其他	劣Ⅴ	劣Ⅴ	劣Ⅴ	Ⅴ	Ⅳ	Ⅳ
		鸭草坝	其他	劣Ⅴ	劣Ⅴ	劣Ⅴ	Ⅳ	Ⅲ	Ⅲ
		凤山桥边	国控	劣Ⅴ	劣Ⅴ	劣Ⅴ	Ⅳ	Ⅲ	Ⅲ
支流	后河	市化肥厂	其他	Ⅳ	Ⅳ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅲ	Ⅲ
		川恒上游	其他	Ⅳ	Ⅳ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	劣Ⅴ	Ⅲ
		川恒下游	其他	劣Ⅴ	劣Ⅴ	Ⅴ	劣Ⅴ	劣Ⅴ	Ⅲ
	皮拢河	越都取水口	其他	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅲ	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅱ
	皮拢河	五里桥	其他	劣Ⅴ	劣Ⅴ	劣Ⅴ	劣Ⅴ	Ⅲ	Ⅲ

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 重安江流域水环境污染入河量负荷及占比

Table 2. Pollution load into the river and proportion of water environmental in Chong'an River Basin

污染物	工业废水		城镇生活污水		农村生活污水		畜禽养殖		种植业		渣场渗漏		污染负荷合计/t
污染物	污染负荷/t	占比/%	污染负荷/t	占比/%	污染负荷/t	占比/%	污染负荷/t	占比/%	污染负荷/t	占比/%	污染负荷/t	占比/%	污染负荷合计/t
总磷	3.09	4.42	4.22	6.04	2.44	3.49	42.20	60.41	13.83	19.80	4.08	5.84	69.86
总氮	6.63	1.02	97.35	15.04	27.75	4.29	250.38	38.69	264.99	40.95			647.10
氨氮	2.71	0.72	13.05	3.46	22.20	5.89	108.61	28.81	230.42	61.12			376.99
化学需氧量	24.71	0.38	114.95	1.75	91.03	1.39	5187.89	78.95	1152.12	17.53			6 570.70

下载: 导出CSV

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