基于SWAT模型的瀼渡河生态流量计算方法

谢培; 方源; 张雷; 孙宁; 黄法铭; 乔飞

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210693

基于SWAT模型的瀼渡河生态流量计算方法

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210693

谢培^1,,
方源^{1, 2},
张雷¹,
孙宁¹,
黄法铭¹,
乔飞^1, ,

1.
中国环境科学研究院
2.
湖北大学资源环境学院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0404702）；生态环境部部门预算项目（2021-ZX-XMLXHTSQ-0033）

详细信息

作者简介:
谢培（1992—），女，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事流域水环境模拟研究，xiepei198@163.com

通讯作者:
乔飞（1977—），男，正高级工程师，博士，主要从事环境规划与管理，qiaofei@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X171.1
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- 文章访问数: 491
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- PDF下载量: 36
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-02

Research on calculation method of ecological flow of Rangdu River based on SWAT model

XIE Pei^1
,,
FANG Yuan^{1, 2},
ZHANG Lei¹,
SUN Ning¹,
HUANG Faming¹,
QIAO Fei^{1
, ,}

1.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
School of Resources and Environmental, Hubei University

摘要

摘要: 保障和管理河湖生态流量是加强水资源开发利用管控的基本要求，是实施长江大保护和高质量发展的重要内容。以瀼渡河为例，提出了针对无实测流量的河流推算生态流量的方法。首先，利用SWAT水文模型模拟得到1990—2019年30年逐月流量过程，表明该河流流量由上游至下游逐渐增大，且具有明显的汛期和非汛期特征；其次，采用蒙大拿法、最小月平均流量法、近10年最枯月平均流量法和流量历时曲线法4种水文学计算方法，选取瀼渡河干流重点控制断面进行生态流量计算，结果表明生态流量计算值介于10%~33%，呈现出流量历时曲线法>近10年最枯月平均流量法>最小月平均流量法>蒙大拿法的趋势；最后，经水质达标校核，分析得出瀼渡河生态流量计算推荐方法为流量历时曲线法，年补水径流量约占年均径流量的30%。
- 生态流量 /
- SWAT水文模型 /
- 水质达标校核 /
- 瀼渡河
Abstract: Ensuring and managing the ecological flow of rivers and lakes is an essential requirement for strengthening the management and control of the development and utilization of water resources, and is an important part of the implementation of "Great Protection of the Yangtze River" and "high-quality development". A method for calculating ecological flow of rivers without measured runoff was proposed, with the Rangdu River taken as an example. Firstly, the monthly runoff process from 1990 to 2019 was simulated by SWAT hydrological model. The results showed that the runoff gradually increased from upstream to downstream, and presented obvious characteristics of flood season and non-flood season. Secondly, the ecological flow of the key control sections in the mainstream was calculated by four hydrological methods, e.g. Tennant method, minimum monthly average flow method, driest monthly average flow method in recent 10 years, and flow-duration curve method. The calculated ecological flow ranged from 10% to 33%, with the calculated flow trend in the order of flow-duration curve method > driest monthly average flow method in recent 10 years > minimum monthly average flow method >Tennant method. Finally, through water quality compliance accounting, it was concluded that the recommended method for calculating the ecological flow in the river was the flow-duration curve method, accounting for about 30% of the average annual flow.
- ecological flow /
- SWAT hydrological model /
- water quality compliance accounting /
- Rangdu River Basin

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图 1 瀼渡河流域

Figure 1. Map of Rangdu River basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 瀼渡河子流域分布

Figure 2. Distribution map of Rangdu River sub basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 乡镇与河网断面对应关系

Table 1. Correspondence of township and river network sections

乡镇名称	对应控制断面
李河镇	5
分水镇	17
柱山乡	18
龙沙镇	32
甘宁镇	36
瀼渡镇	38
注：控制断面编号与子流域编号一致。

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表 2 蒙大拿法生态流量计算结果

Table 2. Calculation results of ecological flow by Tennant method

控制断面	多年平均天然流量/ （m³/s）	生态流量/（m³/s）		年均基本生态流量/ （m³/s）	占多年平均天然流量的比例/%
控制断面	多年平均天然流量/ （m³/s）	10月—次年5月	6—9月	年均基本生态流量/ （m³/s）	占多年平均天然流量的比例/%
5	0.69	0.05	0.11	0.07	10.00
17	2.69	0.20	0.42	0.27	10.00
18	3.16	0.23	0.49	0.32	10.00
32	4.16	0.30	0.64	0.42	10.00
36	4.46	0.32	0.69	0.45	10.00
38	4.64	0.34	0.72	0.46	10.00

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表 3 最小月平均流量法生态流量计算结果

Table 3. Calculation results of basic ecological flow by the minimum monthly average flow method

控制断面	多年平均天然流量/（m³/s）	年均基本生态流量/（m³/s）	占多年平均天然流量的比例/%
5	0.69	0.11	15.91
17	2.69	0.43	16.06
18	3.16	0.51	16.01
32	4.16	0.76	18.26
36	4.46	0.80	17.82
38	4.64	0.82	17.62

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表 4 近10年最枯月平均流量法生态流量计算结果

Table 4. Calculation results of ecological flow based on the driest monthly average flow method in recent 10 years

控制断面	多年平均天然流量/（m³/s）	年均基本生态流量/（m³/s）	占多年平均天然流量的比例/%
5	0.69	0.12	17.33
17	2.69	0.47	17.28
18	3.16	0.54	17.19
32	4.16	0.79	19.01
36	4.46	0.83	18.67
38	4.64	0.86	18.50

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表 5 流量历时曲线法生态流量计算结果

Table 5. Calculation results of ecological flow by flow-duration curve method

控制断面	多年平均天然流量/ （m³/s）	基本生态流量/（m³/s）		年均基本生态流量/ （m³/s）	占多年平均天然流量的比例/%
控制断面	多年平均天然流量/ （m³/s）	10月—次年5月	6—9月	年均基本生态流量/ （m³/s）	占多年平均天然流量的比例/%
5	0.69	0.163	0.339	0.22	32.23
17	2.69	0.647	1.357	0.88	32.78
18	3.16	0.758	1.619	1.05	33.08
32	4.16	1.069	1.965	1.37	32.88
36	4.46	1.137	2.044	1.44	32.23
38	4.64	1.265	2.089	1.54	33.18

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表 6 1990—2019年瀼渡河流域总磷指标现状及基本生态流量计算结果

Table 6. TP indicator status from 1990 to 2019 and basic ecological flow calculation results

控制断面	年径流量/ （10⁸ m³）	总磷浓度最大值/ （mg/L）	总磷浓度超标倍数^1）	Ⅱ类水补水径流量/ （10⁸ m³）	占年径流量的比例/%
5	0.217	0.247	0.235	0.102	14
17	0.850	0.260	0.301	0.512	30
18	0.268	0.262	0.312	0.086	12
32	0.085	0.104
36	1.408	0.114
38	1.463	0.118
1）为GB 3838—2002《国家地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质标准超标倍数。

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