长江流域湖北片区典型城市水生态环境问题解析及整治对策

张妍妍; 王峥; 邱斌; 孙德智

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210699

长江流域湖北片区典型城市水生态环境问题解析及整治对策

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210699

张妍妍^{1, 2,},
王峥^{1, 2},
邱斌^{1, 2},
孙德智^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京林业大学, 水体污染源控制技术北京市重点实验室
2.
北京林业大学, 污染水体源控与生态修复技术北京高校工程研究中心

基金项目: 国家长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目（第一期）（2021-长江项目-001-W-004）

详细信息

作者简介:
张妍妍（1997—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为水体污染控制技术，yanyanzhang0924@163.com

通讯作者:
孙德智（1960—），男，教授，主要从事污染水体源控与生态修复研究，sundezhi@bjfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X522
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- 文章访问数: 96
- HTML全文浏览量: 96
- PDF下载量: 16
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-21

Analysis and countermeasures of typical urban water ecological environment problems in Hubei area of the Yangtze River Basin

ZHANG Yanyan^{1, 2
,},
WANG Zheng^{1, 2},
QIU Bin^{1, 2},
SUN Dezhi^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Source Control Technology, Beijing Forestry University
2.
Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University

摘要

摘要:
为了改善长江流域湖北片区城市水生态环境，从水环境质量、水资源、水生态和水安全4个方面解析了片区内城市水生态环境的特征及问题，并对主要污染源的污染负荷进行分析和估算。结果表明，生活源是片区城市的主要污染源，对化学需氧量、氨氮、总氮和总磷的贡献率分别占城市总排放负荷的68.75%、76.58%、75.82%和80.46%，且存在管网建设滞后，污水处理厂超负荷运行，工业磷化工、磷矿、磷石膏（“三磷”）问题突出，水资源供需矛盾显著，水体富营养化严重和水安全保障能力不够等问题。针对以上问题，结合片区城市的实际情况，分别从以下几方面提出水生态环境综合整治对策：生活源加大管网建设力度，污水处理厂提质增效；工业源重点解决“三磷”问题；水资源坚持以水定城、量水发展，构建节水型城市；水生态方面加强河湖缓冲带建设，恢复生物多样性；水安全方面加强风险管控，建立健全应急预警机制等。
- 长江流域湖北片区 /
- 水生态环境 /
- 问题解析 /
- 整治对策
Abstract:
In order to improve the quality of the urban water eco-environment in Hubei area of the Yangtze River Basin, the characteristics and problems of the urban water eco-environment in this area was investigated from the aspects of water environment quality, water resources, water ecology and water security. The pollution load of main sources were analyzed and estimated. The results showed that the domestic sewage was the main pollution source in this region, and COD, NH₃-N, TN and TP from the domestic sewage accounted for 68.75%, 76.58%, 75.82% and 80.46% of the total pollutants discharge from these cities, respectively. Several main problems of water eco-environmental protection were identified, including the lagging of pipe network construction, overloaded operation of sewage treatment plants, prominent problems of industrial phosphorus chemical industry, phosphate rock and phosphogypsum (i.e. "three phosphorus"), significant contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, serious water eutrophication and insufficient water safety guarantee capacity. In view of the above problems, combined with the actual situation of the cities in the area, the comprehensive improvement countermeasures of water ecological environment were put forward from the following aspects: for living sources, increasing the construction of pipe network, and improving the quality and efficiency of sewage treatment plants; for industrial sources, focusing on solving "three phosphorus" problems; for water resources, adhering to the principle of determining the city by water and developing by the amount of water, so as to build a water-saving city. In terms of water ecology, the construction of river and lake buffer zone should be strengthened and biodiversity be restored; in terms of water security, the risk control should be strengthened and the emergency warning mechanism be established and improved.
- Hubei area of the Yangtze River Basin /
- Water ecological environment /
- Problem analysis /
- Countermeasures

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图 1 长江流域湖北片区水系

Figure 1. Water system of Hubei area of the Yangtze River Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2016—2020年湖北省河流和湖泊省控及以上断面水质类别情况

Figure 2. Water quality of rivers and lakes under provincial control and above sections in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 片区内各市3类污染源负荷占比

Figure 3. Load proportion of three types of pollution sources in each city of this area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 2020年片区内各市管网密度及污水处理厂运行负荷率

Figure 4. Density of pipe network and operating load rates of sewage treatment plants in each city of this area in 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 2019年湖北省降水量及优于Ⅲ类水质断面数量占比

Figure 5. Rainfall and proportion of water quality sections better than Class Ⅲ in Hubei Province in 2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 2019年湖北省各市人均水资源量

Figure 6. Water resources per capita of each city in Hubei province in 2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 2020年湖北省各市人均日生活用水量及万元工业增加值用水量

Figure 7. Water consumption for daily living per capita and per unit industrial added value of each city in Hubei province in 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 片区内城市3类污染源污染物排放量

Table 1. Discharge of the three types of pollutants from the cities in this area t/a

污染源	COD	氨氮	TN	TP
生活源	235 058.14	28 100.27	47 783.81	4 624.55
工业源	48 143.05	5 713.54	9 713.54	501.08
面源	58 724.54	2 880.63	5 526.64	622.32
合计	341 925.73	36 694.44	63 023.99	5 747.95

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 2019年片区内各市工业废水排放量及主要行业类型

Table 2. Industrial wastewater discharge and main industry types of each city of this area in 2019

城市	工业废水排放量/（万t/a）	主要行业类型
武汉	19 733	光电子、建材、汽车及机械装备
黄石	11 479	建材、有色金属、磷矿
襄阳	23 978	化工、汽车、医药
荆州	21 295	化工、汽车零件
宜昌	22 859	磷化工、食品生物医药
黄冈	18 372	化工、建筑建材
鄂州	6 847	钢材、服装
十堰	11 027	汽车机械、化工
孝感	10 179	汽车机电、盐磷化工
荆门	17 749	“三磷”企业、机械电子
咸宁	17 623	冶金建材、食品饮料
随州	6 758	汽车机械、农产品加工

下载: 导出CSV

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