长江流域洞庭湖片区典型城市水环境问题解析与治理对策

李永真; 孙德智; 李虹; 李莹杰; 齐飞

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210708

长江流域洞庭湖片区典型城市水环境问题解析与治理对策

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210708

李永真^{1, 2,},
孙德智^{1, 2},
李虹³,
李莹杰³,
齐飞^{1, 2, ,}

1.
水体污染源控制技术北京市重点实验室，北京林业大学
2.
北京林业大学污染水体源控与生态修复技术北京高校工程研究中心
3.
中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 长江生态环境保护修复联合研究一期项目成果集成课题（2021-长江项目-001-W-004）

详细信息

作者简介:
李永真(1995—)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事污水深度处理技术研究，liyongzhen802@163.com

通讯作者:
齐飞(1980—)，男，教授，主要从事水质分析与水质安全保障技术研究，qifei@bjfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X524
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-16

Analysis and governance countermeasures study of water environment problems in typical cities around Dongting Lake in the Yangtze River Basin

LI Yongzhen^{1, 2
,},
SUN Dezhi^{1, 2},
LI Hong³,
LI Yingjie³,
QI Fei^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University
2.
Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University
3.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
为解析洞庭湖片区城市对洞庭湖及长江流域造成的水环境污染问题并提出相应的治理对策，以洞庭湖片区6个城市为研究对象，对该区域城市国控断面水质变化情况、水资源特征和重金属污染问题进行梳理，对工业源、城市生活源和城市面源的污染负荷进行核算。结果表明，片区内6个城市排放的COD、氨氮、TN和TP负荷量分别为14.07万、1.21万、2.45万和0.14万t/a，主要污染源来自城市生活源，其次分别为工业源和城市面源，影响片区城市水质的主要因子分别为氨氮和TP。对该片区城市水环境问题进行剖析，发现管网建设不完善是引起城市水体水质恶化的重要原因之一，工业规模扩大和工业历史遗留问题导致工业废水排放和重金属污染，并基于上述分析提出相应的城市水环境问题整治建议。
- 洞庭湖片区城市 /
- 水环境问题解析 /
- 污染负荷 /
- 重金属 /
- 治理对策
Abstract:
Six cities were taken as the research object to analyze the water environment pollution problems of Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River Basin caused by cities in Dongting Lake region, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. The water quality variation of the state-controlled sections, characteristics of water resources and heavy metal pollution of the six cities in the region were summarized, and the pollution load of industrial sources, urban domestic sources, and urban non-point sources were calculated. The results showed that the loading of COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN and TP discharged by the 6 cities in this region were 140 700, 12 100, 24 500 and 1 400 t/a, respectively. The main pollution sources were urban domestic sources, followed by industrial sources and urban non-point sources. The main factors affecting urban water quality in this region were ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus. Through analyzing the urban water environment problems in this region, it was found that the imperfect construction of the pipe network was one of the important reasons for the deterioration of urban water quality, and the expansion of industrial scale and the problems left over from industrial history led to the discharge of industrial wastewater and heavy metal pollution. Based on the above analysis, the corresponding governance suggestions for urban water environment problems were put forward.
- cities in Dongting Lake region /
- analysis of water environment problems /
- pollution load /
- heavy metals /
- governance countermeasures

HTML全文

图 1 洞庭湖片区城市分布

Figure 1. Cities distribution of Dongting Lake region

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2016—2020年洞庭湖片区国控断面水质变化

Figure 2. Water quality changes of state-controlled sections in Dongting Lake region from 2016 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 洞庭湖片区城市人均水资源量

Figure 3. Urban per capita water resources in the cities of Dongting Lake region

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 2017年洞庭湖片区城市污染负荷来源占比

Figure 4. Proportion of sources of pollution load in the cities of Dongting Lake region in 2017

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 洞庭湖片区城市不同污染负荷来源占比

Figure 5. Proportion of different sources of pollution load in the cities of Dongting Lake region

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 洞庭湖片区城市排水管网密度

Figure 6. Density of drainage pipe network in the citiesof Dongting Lake region

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 洞庭湖片区城市污水处理率

Figure 7. Treatment rate of sewage treatment plants in the cities of Dongting Lake region

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 洞庭湖片区城市EMC与径流系数

Table 1. Urban EMC value and runoff coefficient in Dongting Lake region

下垫面类型	径流系数	EMC/(mg/L)
下垫面类型	径流系数	COD	氨氮	TN	TP
道路	0.90	69.720	1.909	2.194	0.256
公共建筑	0.65	56.104	1.583	1.967	0.167
绿地	0.20	45.451	1.142	1.562	0.169
城区居住区	0.65	44.149	1.245	1.614	0.131
工业企业区	0.50	114.002	2.479	3.084	0.356

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 城市污水处理厂水污染物产排污参考值

Table 2. Reference value of water pollutant generation and discharge of urban sewage treatment plant mg/L 　

城市	COD		氨氮		TN		TP
城市	进口	排口	进口	排口	进口	排口	进口	排口
株洲	175.9	28.9	17.1	2.20	30.5	8.71	1.63	0.299
岳阳	172.1	28.2	16.1	2.07	22.5	6.44	1.55	0.284
常德	153.5	25.2	12.4	1.59	22.8	6.50	2.06	0.378
郴州	105.8	17.4	13.3	1.71	19.9	5.68	1.32	0.242
益阳	141.5	23.2	17.5	2.25	26.6	7.60	2.38	0.437
娄底	209.6	34.4	18.9	2.43	27.5	7.85	2.91	0.534

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 洞庭湖各入湖口表层沉积物中重金属浓度

Table 3. Content of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the estuary of Dongting Lake mg/kg　

入湖口名称		Sb	Hg	Cd	As	Pb	Cu	Ni	Cr
“四水” 入湖口	湘江	5.63	0.389	13.50	73.31	83.20	58.3	41.4	77.5
	资江	16.49	0.335	4.10	40.55	50.50	30.0	31.5	57.5
	沅江	2.35	0.101	2.80	16.43	26.00	22.5	27.0	53.0
	澧水	0.78	0.107	0.50	15.29	31.50	38.0	35.4	57.0
长江 “三口”	太平口	0.49	0.080	0.10	7.87	35.80	53.7	29.8	85.5
	松滋口	0.98	0.084	0.08	8.85	40.80	52.7	32.8	93.0
	藕池口	0.40	0.055	0.08	6.56	21.00	33.0	29.0	100.0
注：数据来自长江生态环境保护修复联合研究（第一期）《长江干流洞庭湖片区重金属污染防控研究报告》（未发布）。

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 洞庭湖片区城市工业企业数量

Table 4. Number of industrial enterprises in the cities of Dongting Lake region 个　

年份	株洲	岳阳	常德	益阳	郴州	娄底	合计
2010	1 486	1 309	940	743	1 108	661	6 247
2011	1 471	1 389	983	819	1 212	649	6 523
2012	1 261	1 371	793	784	1 074	622	5 905
2013	1 314	1 324	862	827	1 080	665	6 072
2014	1 486	1 327	930	903	1 133	713	6 492
2015	1 499	1 350	944	931	1 105	740	6 569
2016	1 540	1 285	993	971	1 095	676	6 560
2017	1 557	1 287	1 009	1 021	1 047	736	6 657
2018	1 658	1 188	1 165	1 079	1 076	794	6 960
2019	1 721	1 301	1 264	1 132	1 119	898	7 435
2020	1 619	1 452	1 370	1 142	1 151	936	7 670

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