长江流域典型城市水生态环境特征解析及综合整治对策

邱斌; 朱洪涛; 齐飞; 李虹; 申璐; 孙德智

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210710

长江流域典型城市水生态环境特征解析及综合整治对策

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210710

邱斌^{1, 2,},
朱洪涛^{1, 2},
齐飞^{1, 2},
李虹³,
申璐³,
孙德智^{1, 2, ,}

1.
1北京林业大学，水体污染源控制技术北京市重点实验室
2.
北京林业大学污染水体源控与生态修复技术北京高校工程研究中心
3.
中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 长江保护修复一期项目集成研究课题（2021-长江项目-001-W-004）

详细信息

作者简介:
邱斌（1987—），男，教授，主要从事水污染控制与生态修复研究，qiubin2015@bjfu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
孙德智（1960—），男，教授，主要从事水污染控制与生态修复研究，sundezhi@bjfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X52
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-15

Analysis of the characteristics of water eco-environment and comprehensive countermeasure for typical cities in the Yangtze River Basin

QIU Bin^{1, 2
,},
ZHU Hongtao^{1, 2},
QI Fei^{1, 2},
LI Hong³,
SHEN Lu³,
SUN Dezhi^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University
2.
Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University
3.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
以长江流域典型城市为研究对象，估算长江干流、主要支流和通江湖城市COD、氨氮、TN和TP污染排放负荷，梳理典型城市水环境质量、水生态、水资源和水安全特征。结果表明，长江流域内56个城市COD、氨氮、TN、TP的排放量分别为193.78万、15.57万、31.01万和2.18万t/a，流域内大部分城市主要污染源为城市生活源，但工业源和城市面源不容忽视。近年来，流域内城市面源排放负荷占比升高，部分城市水生态系统遭到破坏，存在水质型和资源型缺水、水资源开发利用不合理、非常规水利用率低等问题，导致部分城市仍存在水生态环境安全风险。在此基础上提出了流域内城市“十四五”时期水生态环境综合整治对策建议。
- 长江流域 /
- 城市水生态环境 /
- 污染特征解析 /
- 综合整治对策建议
Abstract:
The discharge loads of COD, NH₃-N, TN and TP from typical cities at the mainstream, tributary streams and around the lakes connected with the Yangtze River Basin were evaluated. The characteristics of urban water environment quality, water ecology, water resources and water security of the typical cities were analyzed. The results showed that 1937800, 155700, 310100 and 21800 tons of COD, NH₃-N, TN and TP, respectively, were discharged from 56 cities in the Yangtze River Basin for each year. The domestic source was the main pollution source for most cities in the Yangtze River Basin, and the pollution from industry and non-point sources was also nonnegligible. In recent years, the increasing non-point source proportion, the general damage of the urban water ecosystem, the shortage of water due to water quality and resources in some cities, the rough use of water and low utilization of unconventional water sources led to the prominent water ecological risk in these cities in the Yangtze River Basin. Finally, comprehensive countermeasures were proposed to improve the urban water eco-environment quality in the Yangtze River Basin in the 14th Five-Year Plan period.
- Yangtze River Basin /
- urban water eco-environment /
- pollution characteristic analysis /
- comprehensive countermeasures

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图 1 长江流域典型城市COD、氨氮、TN和TP排放量

Figure 1. COD, NH₃-N, TN and TP discharge load of typical cities in the Yangtze River Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 长江干流典型城市各污染源COD、氨氮、TN和TP污染负荷占比

Figure 2. Proportion of COD, NH₃-N, TN and TP discharged from typical cities at the mainstream of the Yangtze River Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 长江支流典型城市各污染源COD、氨氮、TN和TP污染负荷占比

Figure 3. Proportion of COD, NH₃-N, TN and TP discgarged from typical cities at tributary streams of the Yangtze River Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 长江通江湖典型城市各污染源COD、氨氮、TN和TP污染负荷占比

Figure 4. Proportion of COD, NH₃-N, TN and TP discharged from typical cities around the lakes connected with the Yangtze River Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 本研究选取的长江流域典型城市

Table 1. Selected typical cities in the Yangtze River Basin in this study

流域	典型城市
干流城市	云南省：昆明市、大理市贵州省：贵阳市、遵义市、黔东南州、黔南州、铜仁市四川省：攀枝花市、宜宾市、泸州市湖北省：武汉市、宜昌市、黄冈市、鄂州市、咸宁市、荆州市、黄石市安徽省：合肥市、芜湖市、铜陵市、马鞍山市、安庆市江苏省：南京市、扬州市、泰州市、南通市、镇江市上海市浙江省：舟山市
支流城市	岷沱江支流：四川省德阳市、成都市、资阳市、眉山市、内江市、自贡市、乐山市嘉陵江支流：四川省绵阳市、广元市、南充市汉江支流：湖北省十堰市、襄阳市、荆门市
通江湖城市	洞庭湖：湖南省株洲市、岳阳市、郴州市、常德市、益阳市、娄底市鄱阳湖：江西省南昌市、九江市、上饶市太湖：江苏省无锡市、常州市、苏州市，浙江省嘉兴市、湖州市

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 长江流域56个典型城市污染物排放量

Table 2. Pollutant discharges from 56 typical cities in the Yangtze River Basin

指标	城市生活源		工业源		城市面源		总计/ （万t/a）
指标	排放量/ （万t/a）	占比/%	排放量/ （万t/a）	占比/%	排放量/ （万t/a）	占比/%	总计/ （万t/a）
COD	117.25	60.51	27.22	14.04	49.31	25.45	193.78
氨氮	12.24	78.61	2.04	13.10	1.29	8.29	15.57
TN	22.73	73.30	5.14	16.57	3.14	10.13	31.01
TP	1.64	75.23	0.30	13.76	0.24	11.01	2.18

下载: 导出CSV

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