基于“源-质”响应的香溪河流域问题解析

申振玲; 周奉; 孙溢点; 张万顺; 凌海波; 王琪; 李龙媛; 杨丽娜

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210712

基于“源-质”响应的香溪河流域问题解析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210712

申振玲^1,,
周奉¹,
孙溢点¹,
张万顺^{1, 2, 3, ,},
凌海波⁴,
王琪⁴,
李龙媛⁴,
杨丽娜⁵

1.
武汉大学资源与环境科学学院
2.
武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室
3.
武汉大学中国发展战略与规划研究院
4.
湖北省生态环境科学研究院
5.
宜昌市生态环境局

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41877531）；长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目（第一期）(2019-LHYJ-01-0208-25)

详细信息

作者简介:
申振玲（1990—），女，博士研究生，研究方向为环境科学，shenzhenling@whu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张万顺（1965—），男，教授，博士，研究方向为环境规划与管理，wszhang@whu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X52
计量
- 文章访问数: 422
- HTML全文浏览量: 280
- PDF下载量: 45
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-16
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-02

Problems analysis based on the response of water quality to pollution sources in Xiangxi River Basin

SHEN Zhenling^1
,,
ZHOU Feng¹,
SUN Yidian¹,
ZHANG Wanshun^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
LIN Haibo⁴,
WANG Qi⁴,
LI Longyuan⁴,
YANG Lina⁵

1.
School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University
2.
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University
3.
China Development Strategy and Planning Research Institute, Wuhan University
4.
Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences
5.
Ecological Environment Bureau of Yichang

摘要

摘要: 开展流域水环境问题症结分析，是支撑流域水生态环境修复治理和精准管控的关键途径。应用“空-地-水”一体化模型体系，面向香溪河流域构建了“源-质”响应关系模型，并进一步对该流域水环境问题开展定量精准解析。根据水质监测断面2019年实测数据进行模型验证，总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）浓度相对误差均在10%以内。结果表明，污水处理厂、工业源和畜禽养殖是造成香溪河水质污染和富营养化的3类主要污染源，总贡献率超过60%。对于泗湘溪断面，污水处理厂输出的TN、TP总量为193.28和40.51 t/a，工业源为226.25和31.69 t/a，畜禽养殖为187.75和29.82 t/a；对于长沙坝断面，污水处理厂输出的TN、TP总量为376.31和48.97 t/a，工业源为295.30和39.91 t/a，畜禽养殖为128.09和41.61 t/a。基于当前流域水环境综合治理的迫切需求，该流域未来应加大这3类污染源的截污控源力度。
- 香溪河流域 /
- 污染负荷 /
- 源解析 /
- “空-地-水”一体化模型
Abstract: Analysis of the causes of water environment problems is the key way to support the water environment fine-management and water eco-environment recovery in the river basins. The Air-ground-water integrated model system was applied to establish the response model of water quality to pollution sources in Xiangxi River Basin, and the water environment problems in the basin were quantitatively analyzed. The model was verified according to the measured data of the water quality monitoring sections in 2019, and the relative error of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were within 10%. The results showed that sewage treatment plants, industrial enterprises and livestock breeding were three main sources of water pollution and eutrophication of Xiangxi River Basin, with a total contribution rate of more than 60%. For Sixiangxi section, TN and TP discharge from sewage treatment plants were 193.28 and 40.51 t/a, with 226.25 and 31.69 t/a from industrial sources, and 187.75 and 29.82 t/a from livestock breeding, respectively. For Changshaba section, TN and TP produced by sewage treatment plants were 376.31 and 48.97 t/a, with 295.30 and 39.91 t/a from industrial sources, 128.09 and 41.61 t/a from livestock breeding, respectively. Based on the urgent needs of comprehensive water environment management, the efforts to control pollution of these three kinds of sources should be intensified in the future.
- Xiangxi River /
- pollution load /
- source apportionment /
- Air-ground-water integrated model

HTML全文

图 1 香溪河流域范围、土地利用类型及验证断面分布

Figure 1. Scope and landuse type of Xiangxi River Basin and distribution of its verification sections

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 子流域划分

注：数字为子流域编号。

Figure 2. Sub-watershed division

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图 3 河道汇流关系概化及关键断面所在位置

Figure 3. Generalization of river confluence relationship and location of key sections

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图 4 香溪河流域各污染源负荷核算

Figure 4. Load accounting of pollution sources in Xiangxi River Basin

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图 5 香溪河流域TN、TP污染负荷分布

Figure 5. Distribution of TN and TP pollution load in Xiangxi River Basin

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图 6 2019年不同排污条件下泗湘溪、长沙坝断面TN和TP逐日浓度变化

Figure 6. Daily variations of TN and TP concentrations in Sixiangxi and Changshaba sections under different sewage discharge conditions in 2019

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表 1 香溪河流域敏感参数取值

Table 1. Value of sensitive parameters in Xiangxi River Basin

参数	含义	排序	参数取值	敏感度值
RCN	降水中氮浓度/（mg/L）	1	4	3.31
CN2	径流曲线系数	2	70	2.99
FILTERW	田间过滤带宽度/m	3	5	2.71
SHALLST_N	浅层含水层中的硝酸盐浓度/（mg/L）	4	10	2.12
ALPHAA_BF	基流退水常数/d	5	0.03	1.97
ESCO	土壤蒸发补偿系数	6	0.33	1.91
GW_DELAY	含水层补给的延迟时间/d	7	5	1.85
CDN	反硝化作用速率系数	8	0.01	1.52
BC4	20 ℃时当地有机磷的成矿速率常数/d⁻¹	9	0.7	0.88
SDNCO	能够发生反硝化作用的营养物质循环水因子的临界值	10	0.65	0.87
BC1	20 ℃时铵根离子的生物氧化速率常数/d⁻¹	11	0.3	0.81
REVAPMN	潜水蒸发时浅层含水层的水位阈值/mm	11	460.31	0.81
PSP	磷的可利用率指数	13	0.7	0.76
HLIFE_NGW	浅层含水层中硝酸盐的半衰期/d⁻¹	14	1	0.68
GW_SOLP	地下水流中可溶性磷浓度/（mg/L）	15	0.1	0.5
RS5	20 ℃时当地有机磷的沉降速率常数/d⁻¹	16	0.1	0.34
BC2	20 ℃时亚硝酸盐向硝酸盐转化的生物氧化速率常数/d⁻¹	17	1.2	0.28
SURLAG	地表径流的滞后系数	18	8.22	0.23
BC3	20 ℃时当地有机氮向铵根离子转化的生物氧化速率常数/d⁻¹	19	0.4	0.21

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表 2 香溪河流域水文、水质率定验证

Table 2. Calibration and verification of hydrology and water quantity in Xiangxi River Basin

类型	站点名称	率定期（2011—2012年）		验证期（2019年）
类型	站点名称	R²	E_NS	R²	E_NS
流量	南阳	0.71	0.68	0.75	0.60
总氮	泗湘溪	0.83	0.72	0.79	0.71
总氮	长沙坝	0.96	0.84	0.84	0.80
总磷	泗湘溪	0.84	0.62	0.78	0.61
总磷	长沙坝	0.86	0.65	0.82	0.63

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表 3 各类污染源对断面TN和TP浓度的贡献率

Table 3. Contribution rate of pollution sources to TN and TP in different sections %

水质断面	污染源类型	TN	TP
	工业源	29.20	20.11
	污水处理厂	24.71	25.97
泗湘溪	畜禽养殖	23.95	18.86
	生活源	10.75	14.95
	农业源	11.39	20.11
	工业源	24.97	20.44
	污水处理厂	32.21	25.35
长沙坝	畜禽养殖	22.33	21.36
	生活源	10.02	16.26
	农业源	10.47	16.59

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