基于退耕还林工程的生态环境质量动态变化研究

李益敏; 李盈盈; 刘师旖; 吴博闻; 赵娟珍

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210726

基于退耕还林工程的生态环境质量动态变化研究—以云南兰坪县为例

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210726

1.
云南大学地球科学学院
2.
云南省高校国产高分卫星遥感地质工程研究中心

基金项目: 云南省科技厅-云南大学联合基金重点项目（2019FY003017）；国家自然科学基金项目（41161070）

详细信息

作者简介:
李益敏（1965—），女，研究员，主要研究方向为3S技术在山地资源环境与地质灾害中的应用，liym@ynu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X321
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-19

Research on the dynamic changes of ecological environment quality based on the project of converting cropland to forest: taking Lanping County in Yunnan Province as an example

1.
School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University
2.
Research Center of Domestic High-resolutellite Remote Sensing Geological Engineering, Yunnan Province

摘要

摘要:
2014年云南省怒江傈僳族自治州（简称怒江州）正式启动新一轮退耕还林还草工程，为探讨该轮退耕还林工程对怒江州兰坪白族普米族自治县（简称兰坪县）生态环境质量的影响，选择退耕还林工程实施前（2013年）、实施中（2017年）和实施末期（2020年）3个时间，基于遥感生态指数模型，选取绿度、干度、湿度和热度4个指标，运用主成分分析法对兰坪县2013—2020年的生态环境质量动态变化进行研究。结果表明：1）2013—2020年兰坪县生态环境质量处于上升趋势，中排乡、石登乡和河西乡的生态环境质量改善较为明显；2）2013—2020年，75%以上区域的生态环境质量等级保持不变，其他区域的生态环境质量等级呈小幅度变化，生态环境质量变好的区域面积要大于生态环境质量变差的区域面积；3）退耕还林斑块的生态环境质量提升程度要高于退耕还林2 km缓冲区以及整个研究区的生态环境质量提高程度，退耕还林工程对生态环境质量的改善具有显著影响，可通过进一步推进退耕还林工程来改善兰坪县的生态环境质量；4）研究区潜在的退耕区主要分布在中排乡、石登乡、营盘镇和兔峨乡4个乡镇，其可作为进一步退耕还林的重点区域。
- 生态环境质量 /
- 退耕还林工程 /
- 遥感生态指数（RSEI）模型 /
- 主成分分析 /
- 动态变化
Abstract:
In 2014, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture (Nujiang Prefecture for short) in Yunnan Province officially launched a new round of converting cropland to forest project. In order to explore the impact of the round of conversion of cropland to forest project on the quality of the ecological environment in Lanping Bai Pumi Autonomous County (Lanping County for short) in Nujiang Prefecture, three periods of time were selected: before the implementation of the project (2013), during the implementation of the project (2017), and at the end of the project (2020). Based on remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) model, four indexes, including greenness, dryness, wetness and heat, were selected and principal component analysis method adopted to study the dynamic changes of the ecological environment quality in Lanping County from 2013 to 2020. The results showed that: 1) The ecological environment quality of Lanping County had been on the rise from 2013 to 2020, and the ecological environment quality of Zhongpai Township, Shideng Township and Hexi Township improved significantly. 2) From 2013 to 2020, the ecological environment quality level of more than 75% of the regions had remained unchanged, and the ecological environment quality levels of other regions changed slightly. The area of better ecological environment was larger than the area of worse ecological environment. 3) The improvement degree of the ecological environment quality of the converting cropland to forest patches was higher than that of 2 km buffer zone of the converting cropland to forest project and the whole study area. The conversion of cropland to forest project had a significant impact on the improvement of the ecological environment quality. The ecological environment of Lanping County could be improved by further promoting the project of converting cropland to forest. 4) The potential abandoned farmlands in the study area were mainly distributed in the four townships of Zhongpai Township, Shideng Township, Yingpan Township and Tu'e Township, which could be used as key areas for further conversion of farmland to forests.armland to forests.
- ecological environment quality /
- conversion of farmland to forest project /
- remote sensing ecological index（RSEI） model /
- principal component analysis /
- dynamic changes

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图 1 研究区行政区划

Figure 1. Administrative division of the study area

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图 2 兰坪县2013—2020年RSEI分级

Figure 2. RSEI grading map of Lanping County in 2013-2020

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图 3 兰坪县2013—2017年、2017—2020年RSEI等级变化

Figure 3. RSEI grade changes in Lanping County from 2013 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2020

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图 4 兰坪县2013—2020年退耕还林区RSEI分级

Figure 4. RSEI grading diagram of converting cropland to forests in Lanping County in 2013-2020

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图 5 兰坪县潜在退耕区

Figure 5. Potential abandoned farmland areas in Lanping County

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表 1 主成分贡献率及特征值

Table 1. Principal component contribution rate and characteristic value

年份	PC1		PC2		PC3		PC4
年份	特征值	累计贡献率/%	特征值	累计贡献率/%	特征值	累计贡献率/%	特征值	累计贡献率/%
2013	0.437392	93.01	0.020 707	97.41	0.008 307	99.18	0.003 860	100
2017	0.453 598	92.78	0.022 273	97.33	0.008 360	99.04	0.004 676	100
2020	0.466 896	93.24	0.020 592	97.35	0.008 849	99.11	0.004 434	100

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表 2 兰坪县2013—2020年RSEI各等级面积及占比

Table 2. Area and proportion of RSEI grades in Lanping County from 2013 to 2020

RSEI等级	2013年		2017年		2020年
RSEI等级	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
差	482.693 4	11.24	461.662 2	10.75	404.1216	9.41
较差	656.123 4	15.27	613.689 3	14.28	529.354 8	12.32
一般	859.662 9	20.01	816.264 0	19.00	763.396 2	17.77
良	1 133.527 5	26.38	1 175.706 0	27.37	1 238.389 2	28.82
优	1 164.295 8	27.10	1 228.981 5	28.61	1 361.041 2	31.68
合计	4 296.303 0	100	4 296.303 0	100	4 296.303 0	100

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表 3 兰坪县RSEI等级变化统计结果

Table 3. Statistical table of RSEI grade changes in Lanping County

类别	等级差	2013—2017年				2017—2020年
类别	等级差	等级面积 /km²	等级面积占比/%	类别面积/km²	类别面积占比/%	等级面积/km²	等级面积占比/%	类别面积/km²	类别面积占比/%
等级变差	−4	0.515 7	0.01	372.660 3	8.67	0.076 5	0.00	276.760 8	6.44
	−3	3.719 7	0.09			0.653 4	0.02
	−2	18.302 4	0.43			4.744 8	0.11
	−1	350.122 5	8.15			271.286 1	6.31
等级不变	0	3 277.863 9	76.29	3 277.863 9	76.29	3 232.883 7	75.25	3 232.883 7	75.25
等级变好	1	635.800 5	14.80	645.778 8	15.03	765.178 2	17.81	786.658 5	18.31
	2	9.740 7	0.23			20.376 9	0.47
	3	0.236 7	0.01			1.085 4	0.03
	4	0.000 9	0.00			0.018 0	0.00
注：−1为RSEI等级降低一级，1为RSEI等级升高一级，其他等级差含义以此类推。

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表 4 研究区、退耕还林2 km缓冲区以及退耕还林斑块内的RSEI平均值

Table 4. RSEI mean values in the study area, 2 km buffer zone and patches of converting cropland to forests

区域	2013年	2017年	2020年	2013—2017年增加值	2017—2020年增加值	2013—2020年增加值
研究区	0.587 220	0.598 471	0.623 225	0.011 251	0.024 754	0.036 005
退耕还林2 km缓冲区	0.540 166	0.561 128	0.595 963	0.020 962	0.034 835	0.055 797
退耕还林斑块	0.357 117	0.384 573	0.437 176	0.027 456	0.052 603	0.080 059

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表 5 兰坪县退耕还林区2013—2017年RSEI等级转移矩阵

Table 5. RSEI grade transfer matrix of converting cropland to forests in Lanping County in 2013-2017

等级		2013年
等级		差	较差	一般	良	优	合计
2017年	差	212.949 9	33.898 5	2.848 5	1.031 4	0.184 5	250.912 8
	较差	54.099 9	259.869 6	41.040 0	3.398 4	0.512 1	358.920 0
	一般	2.346 3	95.743 8	302.515 2	38.657 7	2.067 3	441.330 3
	良	0.134 1	2.922 3	125.803 8	370.060 2	38.547 9	537.468 3
	优	0	0.021 6	1.003 5	101.430 0	376.766 1	479.221 2
	合计	269.530 2	392.455 8	473.211 0	514.577 7	418.077 9	2 067.852 6

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表 6 兰坪县退耕还林区2017—2020年RSEI等级转移矩阵

Table 6. RSEI grade transfer matrix of converting cropland to forests in Lanping County in 2017-2020

等级		2017年
等级		差	较差	一般	良	优	合计
2020年	差	185.897 7	27.079 2	0.947 7	0.134 1	0.042 3	214.101 0
	较差	59.555 7	217.307 7	28.538 1	0.929 7	0.161 1	306.492 3
	一般	5.368 5	109.087 2	263.831 4	29.774 7	0.639 0	408.700 8
	良	0.090 0	5.423 4	146.745 9	378.216 9	29.551 5	560.027 7
	优	0.000 9	0.022 5	1.267 2	128.412 9	448.827 3	578.530 8
	合计	250.912 8	358.920 0	441.330 3	537.468 3	479.221 2	2 067.852 6

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