“十三五”时期长江经济带地表水水质及关联分析

陈善荣; 董广霞; 张凤英; 李一龙; 周密; 马广文; 何立环; 林兰钰

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210782

“十三五”时期长江经济带地表水水质及关联分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210782

中国环境监测总站

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(U2243206，41601608)；国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200105，2016YFD0800904-3)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈善荣(1963—)，男，正高级工程师，硕士，主要从事环境监测研究，chensr@cnemc.cn

通讯作者:
林兰钰(1974—)，女，正高级工程师，硕士，主要从事环境质量综合分析研究，linly@cnemc.cn

中图分类号: X82
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-02
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-02

Surface water quality and correlation analysis of the Yangtze River Economic Belt during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

China National Environmental Monitoring Center

摘要

摘要: 基于国家地表水环境质量监测网，收集整理“十三五”时期长江经济带地表水1 178个可比断面监测数据，结合人口、社会经济、污染排放等数据，分析了长江经济带水环境变化和社会经济发展各项指标之间的相关性。结果表明：“十三五”时期，长江经济带地表水水质稳中趋好，GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅰ类～Ⅲ类水质断面比例由76.2%升至86.5%，劣Ⅴ类水质断面比例由3.7%降至0.4%。长江经济带地表水水质主要超标指标总磷（TP）浓度、化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮（NH₃-N）浓度分别下降32.4%、10.9%和53.3%，但安徽、江苏和上海等下游省（市）TP浓度、COD和NH₃-N浓度相对较高，且个别断面其浓度不降反升。导致废/污水排放量变化最大的驱动因素依次为人口数量、第二产业占比和主要污染物排放量。“十三五”时期，国家进一步加大长江经济带水环境治理力度，废/污水治理设施运行费用逐年增加，上升了30.2%，长江经济带水环境治理成效显著，但社会经济发展和污染排放压力依然存在，仍需进一步提质增效，保障长江经济带水环境持续改善。
- “十三五” /
- 长江经济带 /
- 水质 /
- 关联 /
- 分析
Abstract: Based on the National Surface Water Environmental Quality Monitoring Network, the monitoring data of 1 178 comparable sections in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) during the 13th Five-Year Plan period were derived and sorted. Combined with the data of population, social economic and pollutant discharges, the correlations between the variation of water quality and various socio-economic development indicators in YREB were analyzed. The results showed that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the surface water quality of YREB had improved steadily, and the water quality was good. The water sections meeting Grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) had increased from 76.2% to 86.5%, while the sections that were inferior to Grade V standard had decreased from 3.7% to 0.4%. The concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), which were the main over-standard indexes of surface water quality in YREB, decreased by 32.4%, 10.9% and 53.3%, respectively. The concentrations of TP, COD and NH₃-N in the downstream provinces (municipalities) such as Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai were relatively high, and the concentrations of TP, COD and NH₃-N in some individual sections increased. The biggest driving factors leading to the change of waste/sewage discharge were the population, the proportion of secondary industry, and the discharge of main pollutants. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the state further strengthened the water environment treatment of YREB. The operation cost for waste water treatment facilities increased year by year, up by 30.2%. The water environment treatment in YREB achieved remarkable results. However, the pressure from socio-economic development and pollution discharge still existed. To ensure the continuous improvement on the water environment in YREB, further improvements on the quality and efficiency were needed.
- 13th Five-Year Plan /
- Yangtze River Economic Belt /
- water quality /
- correlation /
- analysis

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图 1 “十三五”时期长江经济带水质状况变化

Figure 1. Changes of water quality in YREB during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 “十三五”时期11省（市）Ⅰ类~Ⅲ类（下）和劣Ⅴ类（上）水质断面比例变化

Figure 2. Changes in the proportion of grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ (below) and inferior to grade V (up) water quality sections in 11 provinces and cities of YREB during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 “十三五”时期长江经济带TP、NH₃-N浓度和COD变化

Figure 3. Annual variations of TP, NH₃-N and COD in YREB during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 “十三五”时期11省（市）TP、NH₃-N浓度和COD变化

Figure 4. Annual variations of TP, COD and NH₃-N in 11 provinces (municipalities) of YREB during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 2020年与2016年相比长江经济带可比断面TP、NH₃-N浓度和COD变化

Figure 5. Concentration changes of TP, NH₃-N and COD in comparable sections of YREB in 2020 compared with 2016

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 “十三五”时期长江经济带GDP变化

Figure 6. GDP Change of YREB during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 “十三五”时期长江经济带产业结构变化

Figure 7. Changes in industrial structure of YREB during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 “十三五”时期长江经济带人口变化

Figure 8. Population changes in YREB during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 “十三五”时期11省（市）城镇化率变化

Figure 9. Changes in urbanization rate of 11 provinces (municipalities) in YREB during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 “十三五”时期长江经济带废/污水排放量

Figure 10. Wastewater discharge in YREB during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 “十三五”时期长江经济带废/污水治理设施运行费用

Figure 11. Operation cost of wastewater treatment facilities in YREB during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 “十三五”时期11省（市）TP、COD和NH₃-N单位面积排放强度

Figure 12. Discharge intensity of TP, COD and NH₃-N per unit area in 11 provinces (municipalities) during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 “十三五”时期11省（市）TP、COD和NH₃-N单位水资源量排放强度

Figure 13. Discharge intensity of TP, COD and NH₃-N per unit water resource in 11 provinces (municipalities) during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 2019年11省（市）生活源和工业源TP、COD和NH₃-N去除率

Figure 14. Removal rates of TP, COD and NH₃-N from domestic and industrial sources in 11 provinces (municipalities) in 2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 2019年11省（市）单位GDP废水排放强度

Figure 15. Wastewater discharge intensity per unit GDP of 11 provinces (municipalities) in 2019

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 “十三五”时期长江经济带地表水水质与关联指标相关系数

Table 1. Correlation coefficient between surface water quality and related indicators in YREB during the 13th Five-Year Plan period

指标	GDP	人口	TP排放量	COD排放量	NH₃-N排放量	治理设施运行费用
TP浓度	−0.998	−0.995	0.942	0.946	0.950	−0.990
COD	−0.990	−0.992	0.932	0.913	0.925	−0.999
NH₃-N浓度	−0.974	−0.985	0.950	0.853	0.857	−0.987
Ⅰ类~Ⅲ类水质断面比例	0.944	0.938	−0.826	−0.884	−0.925	0.981

下载: 导出CSV

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