Evolution characteristics of soil nutrients and microorganisms during alfalfa restoration of mining area in Yanshan Mountain
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摘要:
为了揭示在极端恶劣矿区环境中，苜蓿对土壤改良的高效性、时效性和持续性，利用高通量测序技术，研究燕山矿区不同恢复时间（3、6、10和15年）苜蓿地土壤微生物群落结构及土壤养分累积特征。结果显示，苜蓿可以高效地提高土壤速效氮、速效钾、有机质等养分的浓度以及变形菌门、酸杆菌门、子囊菌门、担子菌门、鞘氨醇单胞菌科、伯克氏菌科、根瘤菌科、芽孢杆菌科、毛壳菌科和粉褶菌科等优势微生物类群的相对丰度。苜蓿对土壤养分的恢复以第6年为最佳；土壤优势微生物类群的相对丰度在第6年或第10年显著升高；苜蓿对细菌的恢复进度较快，而对真菌的恢复较慢。
Abstract:In order to reveal the high efficiency, timeliness and sustainability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on soil improvement in extremely harsh mining environment, the soil microbial community structure and soil nutrient accumulation characteristics of alfalfa land with different restoration years (3, 6, 10 and 15 years) in Yanshan mining area were studied by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that alfalfa could effectively improve the concentration of nutrients such as soil available nitrogen, available potassium, organic matter and the relative abundance of some dominant microbial groups, including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Sphingomonadaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Bacillaceae, Chaetomiaceae and Entolomataceae. The effect of alfalfa on soil nutrient improvement was the best in the 6th year. The relative abundance of dominant soil microbial groups increased significantly in the 6th or 10th year, and the restoration rate of bacteria by alfalfa was faster, while that of fungi was slower.
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Key words:
- Medicago sativa /
- mining area /
- vegetation restoration /
- soil nutrients /
- soil microorganism
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图 2 不同样地土壤AN、AP、AK及OM浓度
注：不同的字母表示处理之间存在显著差异（n=7，P<0.05）。每个框中的点和线段分别表示数据组的平均值和中位数。盒体的顶部和底部分别代表数据组第75和第25个百分位数。上下垂直线段分别延伸到数据组的最大值和最小值。下同。
Figure 2. Concentrations of soil AN, AP, AK and OM in different sample plots
图 3 不同样地优势细菌的相对丰度
注：（a）为平均相对丰度大于7%的门；（b）为平均相对丰度大于2.5%的科。
Figure 3. Relative abundance of dominant bacteria in different sample plots
图 4 不同样地优势真菌相对丰度
注：图（a）为平均相对丰度大于2%的门；图（b）为平均相对丰度大于2.5%的科
Figure 4. Relative abundance of dominant fungi in different sample plots
表 1 样地基本情况
Table 1. Basic properties of the sample plots
样地 恢复
时间/年主要植被 CK1 0 此样地为2020年到位的采石场平台，已进行客土覆盖和平整，但未种植人工植被。以此样地作为苜蓿对土壤改良效果评价的起点。无植被 Me3 3 人工植被苜蓿为优势种，本土一年生草本植物有狗尾草（Setaria viridis）、牛筋草（Eleusine indica）、藜（Chenopodium album）、一年蓬（Erigeron annuus）、豚草（Ambrosia artemisiifolia）等 Me6 6 人工植被苜蓿为优势种，本土草本植物有狗尾草、荩草（Arthraxon hispidus）、黄背草（Themeda triandra）等 Me10 10 人工植被苜蓿为优势种，本土草本植物有狗尾草、小飞蓬（Conyza canadensis）、黄背草、白羊草（Bothriochloa ischaemum）等 Me15 15 初期种植的苜蓿有部分残余，本土灌木有荆条（Vitex negundo var. heterophylla）、沙枣（Elaeagnus angustifolia）、紫穗槐（Amorpha fruticosa）等。本土草本植物有黄背草、铁杆蒿（Artemisia gmelinii）、白羊草等 CK2 原生境 此样地为未进行开采且人为干扰少的原生境。本土植物有荆条、黄背草、铁杆蒿、菱蒿（Artemisia giraldii）、白羊草等。以此样地作为苜蓿地土壤恢复的目标 
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表 2 基于Bray-Curtis距离算法的样地间土壤细菌/真菌的距离（dBCD）矩阵
Table 2. Distance matrix of soil bacteria / fungi between sample plots based on Bray-Curtis distance（
dBCD） algorithm 样地 CK1 Me3 Me6 Me10 Me15 细菌 真菌 细菌 真菌 细菌 真菌 细菌 真菌 细菌 真菌 Me3 0.1556 0.1580 0.0000 0.0000 Me6 0.4044 0.2016 0.2533 0.1907 0.0000 0.0000 Me10 0.5244 0.2452 0.3067 0.2343 0.1152 0.2561 0.0000 0.0000 Me15 0.5511 0.5722 0.3463 0.3651 0.2178 0.4741 0.2378 0.3161 0.0000 0.0000 CK2 0.5904 0.8164 0.4264 0.7521 0.2442 0.6758 0.2089 0.5935 0.1155 0.3542
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