1980—2020年永定河流域景观格局动态变化及驱动力分析

曹丽慧; 郎琪; 雷坤; 王殿武; 杨坤; 杨文浩

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210881

1980—2020年永定河流域景观格局动态变化及驱动力分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210881

曹丽慧^{1, 2,},
郎琪^2, ,,
雷坤²,
王殿武¹,
杨坤²,
杨文浩²

1.
河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院
2.
中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2018ZX071-110-02)

详细信息

作者简介:
曹丽慧（1997—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤养分资源与景观生态研究，caolihui1997@163.com

通讯作者:
郎琪（1988—），女，副研究员，主要从事流域水生态健康评估与生态退化机制研究，langqi1988@163.com

中图分类号: X522
计量
- 文章访问数: 735
- HTML全文浏览量: 274
- PDF下载量: 88
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-29

Analysis on landscape pattern dynamics and driving force in Yongding River Basin from 1980 to 2020

CAO Lihui^{1, 2
,},
LANG Qi^{2
, ,},
LEI Kun²,
WANG Dianwu¹,
YANG Kun²,
YANG Wenhao²

1.
College of resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University
2.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
为研究高原—山区—平原—滨海生态要素梯级流动特性的流域景观格局动态变化规律，以永定河流域1980—2020年7期Landsat遥感影像为主要数据源，综合运用景观面积动态分析、景观格局指数和数理统计等方法分析了近40年来永定河流域景观格局演变特征，并揭示其驱动因子。结果表明：1）1980—2020年流域土地利用类型以耕地、林地、草地为主，面积占比约90%；近40年，耕地、草地面积分别减少1 376.38、463.42 m²，建设用地、林地面积增加，综合土地利用动态度在2015—2020年变化最大。2）在类型水平上，建设用地斑块破碎程度明显降低，其余用地类型变化不明显；景观水平上，香农多样性指数（SHDI）由1.29增至1.35，香农均匀度指数（SHEI）由0.67增至0.75，景观整体结构趋向复杂，异质性增加，团聚程度下降，景观破碎化加剧。3）流域景观格局变化受社会经济因素、自然因素和政策因素共同影响，其中社会经济发展为主要驱动力，经济发展和城乡人口结构变化是景观格局变化的主要驱动因子。
- 永定河流域 /
- 土地利用 /
- 景观格局 /
- 动态变化 /
- 驱动力
Abstract:
In order to study the dynamic change law of landscape pattern in the basin with the cascade flow characteristics of plateau-mountain-plain-coastal ecological elements, 7 Landsat remote sensing images of Yongding River Basin from 1980 to 2020 were taken as the main data source, and the evolution characteristics of landscape pattern in Yongding River Basin in recent 40 years were analyzed by comprehensively using the methods of landscape area dynamic analysis, landscape pattern index and mathematical statistics, and its driving factors were revealed. The results showed that: 1) From 1980 to 2020, Yongding River Basin was dominated by cultivated, forest and grass land, accounting for about 90%. The area of cultivated land and grassland had decreased by 1376.38 and 463.42 km² respectively in the recent 40 years, the area of construction land and forest land had increased, and the dynamic degree of comprehensive land use had changed the most from 2015 to 2020. 2) At the type level, the fragmentation degree of construction land patches had decreased significantly, while the changes of other land types were not obvious. At the landscape level, Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI) and Shannon Evenness Index (SHEI) had increased from 1.29 to 1.35 and 0.67 to 0.75, respectively; the overall landscape structure tended to be complex, the heterogeneity had increased, the degree of agglomeration had decreased, and the landscape fragmentation had been intensified. 3) The change of watershed landscape pattern was affected by socio-economic factors, natural factors and policy factors, in which socio-economic development was the main driving force, and economic development and the change of urban and rural population structure were the main driving factors of landscape pattern change.
- Yongding River Basin /
- land use /
- landscape pattern /
- dynamic change /
- driving factors

HTML全文

图 1 研究区水系与地形

Figure 1. Rivers and topographic condition of the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 1980—2020年永定河流域各时期土地利用类型空间分布

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of land use types in Yongding River Basin in different periods from 1980 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 1980—2020年土地利用转移状况空间分布

Figure 3. Spatial distribution of land use change from 1980 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 永定河流域类型水平景观格局变化

Figure 4. Landscape pattern change of Yongding River Basin at type level

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 1980—2018年研究区社会经济发展状况

Figure 5. Socio-economic development of the study area from 1980 to 2018

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 1980—2018年研究区气候环境变化

Figure 6. Climate and environmental changes in the study area from 1980 to 2018

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 景观指数的选取及作用

Table 1. Selection and function of landscape index

景观指数	在景观中的作用
斑块数量（NP）	反映斑块数量多少，NP增多景观破碎度升高，反之降低
斑块平均面积（MPS）	反映某一类型斑块平均面积，MPS增大，斑块破碎度降低
最大斑块指数（LPI）	反映最大斑块占景观面积比例，LPI大则景观破碎度降低，反之升高
相似临近百分比（PLADJ）	反映斑块类型在景观中的比例，若斑块类型达到最大程度散布，PLADJ最小
面积加权分维数 (FRAC_AM)	反映斑块形状的复杂性，FRAC_AM越靠近1，形状愈简单；越靠近2，形状愈复杂
斑块结合度指数（COHESION）	反映景观类型自然连接性，当斑块类型分布聚集，COHESION增加
蔓延度指数（CONTAG）	反映不同斑块间聚集和延展程度，高蔓延度表明景观类型连接性较好
散布并列指数（IJI）	反映各斑块类型间总体散布与并列情况，IJI增大，表明斑块分布趋向均匀，彼此临近
香农多样性指数（SHDI）	反映景观要素和景观要素所占比例变化，SHDI增大，表明景观系统中土地利用越丰富，破碎化程度越高
香农均匀度指数（SHEI）	SHEI趋近1，表明景观中没有优势类型，斑块分布均匀，有最大多样性

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 永定河流域1980—2020年土地利用类型面积及占比

Table 2. Area and proportion of land use types in Yongding River Basin from 1980 to 2020

年份	耕地		林地		草地		水域		建设用地		未利用地
年份	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
1980	21 865.03	45.15	10 246.76	21.16	12 572.69	25.96	992.83	2.05	2 553.97	5.27	193.38	0.40
1995	21 633.54	44.67	10 006.25	20.66	12 706.60	26.24	999.40	2.06	2 880.88	5.95	197.99	0.41
2000	21 624.57	44.66	10 005.20	20.66	12 699.58	26.23	996.72	2.06	2 901.31	5.99	197.11	0.41
2005	21 342.21	44.07	10 013.84	20.68	12 771.83	26.37	927.51	1.92	3 153.00	6.51	216.11	0.45
2010	21 378.63	44.16	10 219.62	21.11	12 736.52	26.31	850.38	1.76	3 026.38	6.25	196.60	0.41
2015	20 879.30	43.12	10 175.77	21.01	12 763.13	26.36	915.99	1.89	3 485.53	7.20	205.17	0.42
2020	20 488.65	42.31	10 619.04	21.93	12 109.27	25.01	882.59	1.82	4 163.95	8.60	161.43	0.33

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 1980—2020年永定河流域土地利用转移矩阵

Table 3. Land use transfer matrix of Yongding River Basin from 1980 to 2020

土地利用类型	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地	2020年合计
耕地	19 466.02	504.32	442.24	103.52	1 331.21	19.01	21 866.32
林地	231.01	9 495.23	365.25	16.22	136.13	1.02	10 244.86
草地	483.56	580.65	11 206.33	29.35	257.32	14.21	12 571.42
水域	135.33	22.02	44.18	722.56	52.21	16.32	992.62
建设用地	126.54	10.23	30.22	10.85	2 378.54	0.00	2 556.38
未利用地	43.01	6.24	20.13	2.02	10.11	111.02	192.53
1980年合计	20 485.47	10 618.69	12 108.35	884.52	4 165.52	161.58	48 424.13

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 永定河流域1980—2020年土地利用动态度变化

Table 4. Dynamic degree change of land use in Yongding River Basin from 1980 to 2020 %　

年份区间	单一土地利用动态度						综合土地利用动态度
年份区间	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地	综合土地利用动态度
1980—1995	−0.07	−0.16	0.07	0.04	0.85	0.16	0.06
1995—2000	−0.01	0.00	−0.01	−0.05	0.14	−0.09	0.01
2000—2005	−0.26	0.02	0.11	−1.39	1.73	1.93	0.15
2005—2010	0.03	0.41	−0.06	1.66	−0.80	−1.81	0.10
2010—2015	−0.47	−0.09	0.04	1.54	3.03	0.87	0.23
2015—2020	−0.37	0.87	−1.02	−0.73	3.89	−4.26	0.46

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 永定河流域景观水平景观格局指数

Table 5. Landscape pattern index of Yongding River Basin at landscape level

年份	LPI/%	IJI/%	CONTAG/%	SHDI	SHEI
1980	7.14	57.90	60.47	1.29	0.67
1995	7.09	57.92	60.19	1.31	0.67
2000	7.08	57.92	60.17	1.31	0.67
2005	7.09	58.03	59.99	1.32	0.68
2010	6.92	56.97	60.31	1.31	0.67
2015	6.89	65.67	56.18	1.33	0.74
2020	6.67	66.33	55.86	1.35	0.75

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 旋转后主成分因子载荷

Table 6. Principal component factor load after rotation

指标因子	人均GDP	GDP	第三产业产值	第二产业产值	第一产业产值	城镇人口	农村人口	年蒸发量	人口总数	年均气温	相对湿度	年均降水量
主成分1	0.997	0.994	0.985	0.978	0.969	0.959	−0.944	−0.926	0.828	0.801	−0.119	0.276
主成分2	0.022	0.042	0.006	0.080	0.227	0.177	0.168	−0.088	0.326	0.340	0.680	0.648

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(36)

[1]	周亚军, 刘廷玺, 段利民, 等.锡林河流域上游河谷湿地景观格局演变及其驱动力[J]. 干旱区研究,2020,37(3):580-590. doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2020.03.05 ZHOU Y J, LIU T X, DUAN L M, et al. Driving force analysis and landscape pattern evolution in the up stream valley of Xilin River Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research,2020,37(3):580-590. doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2020.03.05
[2]	STERLING S M, DUCHARNE A, POLCHER J. The impact of global land-cover change on the terrestrial water cycle[J]. Nature Climate Change,2013,3(4):385-390. doi: 10.1038/nclimate1690
[3]	张彪, 刘万波, 张俊华.基于土地利用变化的三江平原景观生态风险研究[J]. 国土与自然资源研究,2021(2):53-55. ZHANG B, LIU W B, ZHANG J H. Landscape ecological risk of the Sanjiang Plain based on land use change[J]. Territory & Natural Resources Study,2021(2):53-55.
[4]	O'NEILL R V, RIITTERS K H, WICKHAM J D, et al. Landscape pattern metrics and regional assessment[J]. Ecosystem Health,1999,5(4):225-233. doi: 10.1046/j.1526-0992.1999.09942.x
[5]	夏成琪, 毋语菲.盐城海岸带土地利用与景观空间格局动态变化分析[J]. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2021,41(1):140-149. XIA C Q, WU Y F. Land use types and landscape dynamics and analysis in coastal zone of Yancheng[J]. Journal of Southwest Forestry University (Natural Sciences),2021,41(1):140-149.
[6]	杨苗, 龚家国, 赵勇, 等.白洋淀区域景观格局动态变化及趋势分析[J]. 生态学报,2020,40(20):7165-7174. YANG M, GONG J G, ZHAO Y, et al. Analysis of dynamic changes and trends in the landscape pattern of the Baiyangdian Region[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2020,40(20):7165-7174.
[7]	梁加乐, 陈万旭, 李江风, 等.黄河流域景观破碎化时空特征及其成因探测[J]. 生态学报,2022,42(5):1993-2009. LIANG J L, CHEN W X, LI J F, et al. Spatiotemporal patterns of landscape fragmentation and causes in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2022,42(5):1993-2009.
[8]	万峻, 李子成, 雷坤.1954—2000年渤海湾典型海岸带(天津段)景观空间格局动态变化分析[J]. 环境科学研究,2009,22(1):77-82. WAN J, LI Z C, LEI K. Dynamic analysis of the landscape spatial pattern in the coastal zone of the Bohai Bay, 1954-2000[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2009,22(1):77-82.
[9]	胡盼盼, 李锋, 胡聃, 等.珠三角城市群湿地景观格局变化及其驱动因素分析[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2021,11(3):418-427. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200142 HU P P, LI F, HU D, et al. Change of wetland landscape patterns and its driving factors in Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2021,11(3):418-427. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200142
[10]	李付杰, 杨彩云, 高艳妮, 等.2010—2018年辽河保护区土地利用格局时空变化特征[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2020,10(6):1063-1071. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200201 LI F J, YANG C Y, GAO Y N, et al. Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of land use pattern in Liaohe Conservation Area from 2010 to 2018[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2020,10(6):1063-1071. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200201
[11]	MUNSI M, AREENDRAN G, GHOSH A, et al. Landscape characterisation of the forests of Himalayan foothills[J]. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing,2010,38(3):441-452. doi: 10.1007/s12524-010-0046-2
[12]	SAKIEH Y, AMIRI B J, DANEKAR A, et al. Scenario-based evaluation of urban development sustainability: an integrative modeling approach to compromise between urbanization suitability index and landscape pattern[J]. Environment, Development and Sustainability,2015,17(6):1343-1365. doi: 10.1007/s10668-014-9609-7
[13]	吕乐婷, 张杰, 彭秋志, 等.东江流域景观格局演变分析及变化预测[J]. 生态学报,2019,39(18):6850-6859. LÜ L T, ZHANG J, PENG Q Z, et al. Landscape pattern analysis and prediction in the Dongjiang River Basin[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(18):6850-6859.
[14]	刘铁冬.杂谷脑河流域近30年景观格局时空演变研究[J]. 水土保持研究,2014,21(3):98-102. LIU T D. Study on spatiotemporal evolution of landscape pattern of Zagunao River Basin in recent 30 years[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(3):98-102.
[15]	王志强, 曹善浩, 周宇航, 等.近30年来浏阳河流域景观格局动态及稳定性时空变化特征[J]. 长江科学院院报,2021,38(9):64-70. doi: 10.11988/ckyyb.20200591 WANG Z Q, CAO S H, ZHOU Y H, et al. Spatial and temporal characteristics of landscape pattern dynamics and stability in Liuyang River Basin in recent three decades[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2021,38(9):64-70. doi: 10.11988/ckyyb.20200591
[16]	PAUKERT C P, PITTS K L, WHITTIER J B, et al. Development and assessment of a landscape-scale ecological threat index for the Lower Colorado River Basin[J]. Ecological Indicators,2011,11(2):304-310. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.05.008
[17]	王楚琦, 闫晋钰, 李冠衡.基于ENVI技术的永定河段景观格局演变与优化研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报,2021,43(6):118-129. doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200204 WANG C Q, YAN J Y, LI G H. Evolution and optimization research on landscape pattern of Yongding River section of Beijing based on ENVI technology[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2021,43(6):118-129. doi: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200204
[18]	胡承江. 基于动态数据分析的北京市永定河流域城市景观生态系统演变研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2015.
[19]	张玉虎, 李义禄, 贾海峰.永定河流域门头沟区景观生态安全格局评价[J]. 干旱区地理,2013,36(6):1049-1057. ZHANG Y H, LI Y L, JIA H F. Constructing landscape ecological security pattern in Yongding River Watershed: a case of Mengtougou Basin, Beijing[J]. Arid Land Geography,2013,36(6):1049-1057.
[20]	薛嵩嵩, 高凡, 何兵, 等.1989—2017年乌伦古河流域景观格局及驱动力分析[J]. 生态科学,2021,40(3):33-41. doi: 10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2021.03.005 XUE S S, GAO F, HE B, et al. Landscape pattern evolution and driving force analysis in Ulungur River Basin from 1989 to 2017[J]. Ecological Science,2021,40(3):33-41. doi: 10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2021.03.005
[21]	杨阳, 唐晓岚, 李哲惠, 等.长江流域土地利用景观格局时空演变及驱动因子: 以2008—2018年为例[J]. 西北林学院学报,2021,36(2):220-230. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2021.02.33 YANG Y, TANG X L, LI Z H, et al. Spatial-temporal evolution of landscape pattern of land use in the Yangtze River Basin and analysis of its driving factors:a case study from 2008 to 2018[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2021,36(2):220-230. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2021.02.33
[22]	罗鸿, 杨存建.2005—2015年四川省土地利用变化及驱动力分析[J]. 生态科学,2021,40(1):86-94. doi: 10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2021.01.012 LUO H, YANG C J. Analysis of land-use change and its driving forces in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2015[J]. Ecological Science,2021,40(1):86-94. doi: 10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2021.01.012
[23]	刘纪远, 邓祥征.LUCC时空过程研究的方法进展[J]. 科学通报,2009,54(21):3251-3258.
[24]	贾艳艳, 唐晓岚, 杨阳, 等.长江沿岸芜湖区段景观格局演变及生态系统服务价值分析[J]. 西北林学院学报,2019,34(6):249-258. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2019.06.38 JIA Y Y, TANG X L, YANG Y, et al. Landscape pattern changes and ecological service values in Wuhu section along the Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2019,34(6):249-258. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2019.06.38
[25]	WANG F, XIE X P, CHEN Z C. Dynamic evolution of landscape spatial pattern in Taihu Lake Basin, China[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(11):3720-3730.
[26]	王鹏, 王亚娟, 刘小鹏, 等.宁夏沙坡头区土地利用景观格局变化及其驱动力分析[J]. 西北林学院学报,2018,33(6):197-203. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2018.06.31 WANG P, WANG Y J, LIU X P, et al. Changes of landscape pattern in land use and driving forces in Shapotou District, Ningxia[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(6):197-203. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2018.06.31
[27]	李秀, 郎琪, 雷坤, 等.基于Budyko假设的永定河流域上游不同支流径流变化归因分析[J]. 水资源与水工程学报,2021,32(6):94-101. doi: 10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2021.06.13 LI X, LANG Q, LEI K, et al. Attribution analysis of tributary runoff variations in upper Yongding River Basin based on Budyko Hypothesis[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2021,32(6):94-101. doi: 10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2021.06.13
[28]	王艺璇, 沈彦军, 高雅, 等.永定河上游环境变化和水资源演变研究进展[J]. 南水北调与水利科技,2021,19(4):656-668. doi: 10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2021.0069 WANG Y X, SHEN Y J, GAO Y, et al. Research progress on the changes of environmental and water resources in the upper Yongding River Basin[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology,2021,19(4):656-668. doi: 10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2021.0069
[29]	张连伟.永定河变迁的历史回顾与反思[J]. 华北水利水电大学学报(社会科学版),2021,37(1):42-47. doi: 10.13790/j.ncwu.sk.2021.007 ZHANG L W. Historical review and reflection on the changes of Yongding River[J]. Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (Social Science Edition),2021,37(1):42-47. doi: 10.13790/j.ncwu.sk.2021.007
[30]	侯蕾, 彭文启, 刘培斌, 等.永定河上游流域土地利用变化及生态环境效应研究[J]. 中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2017,15(6):430-438. HOU L, PENG W Q, LIU P B, et al. Land use change and its ecological environmental effect in the upstream of Yongding River[J]. Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2017,15(6):430-438.
[31]	李秀. 永定河流域径流演变特征及驱动因素分析[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳大学, 2021.
[32]	张连伟, 张琳.北京永定河流域生态环境的演变和治理[J]. 北京联合大学学报(人文社会科学版),2017,15(1):118-124. ZHANG L W, ZHANG L. The ecological environment succession and management of Yongding River in Beijing[J]. Journal of Beijing Union University (Humanities and Social Sciences),2017,15(1):118-124.
[33]	史娜娜, 肖能文, 王琦, 等.长江经济带生态系统格局特征及其驱动力分析[J]. 环境科学研究,2019,32(11):1779-1789. SHI N N, XIAO N W, WANG Q, et al. Spatial pattern of ecosystems and the driving forces in the Yangtze River Economic Zone[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(11):1779-1789.
[34]	王志春, 张治楠, 辛岩, 等.近35年来老哈河流域湿地关键区景观格局演变及其驱动力[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2021,35(11):143-148. WANG Z C, ZHANG Z N, XIN Y, et al. Landscape pattern evolution of wetland critical areas in Laoha River Basin and driving forces in recent 35 years[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2021,35(11):143-148.
[35]	山西省水利厅水土保持局.山西省水土保持重点治理区五年工作总结[J]. 海河水利,1989(3):31-34.
[36]	李江锋, 任东红.新时期永定河流域高质量发展战略研究[J]. 中国水利,2021(20):70-73. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2021.20.021 LI J F, REN D H. Studies on high-quality development strategy of the Yongding River Basin in the new age[J]. China Water Resources,2021(20):70-73. ⊕ doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2021.20.021