三峡水库补水调度对东洞庭湖典型沉水植物生境适宜性的影响

吴倩; 戴凌全; 任玉峰; 汤正阳; 戴会超; 刘新波; 刘芬; 张青森

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220047

三峡水库补水调度对东洞庭湖典型沉水植物生境适宜性的影响

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220047

吴倩^{1, 2,},
戴凌全^{1, 3, ,},
任玉峰⁴,
汤正阳⁴,
戴会超³,
刘新波⁴,
刘芬^{1, 2},
张青森^{1, 2}

1.
三峡水库生态系统湖北省野外科学观测研究站
2.
三峡大学水利与环境学院
3.
中国长江三峡集团有限公司长江生态环境工程研究中心
4.
中国长江电力股份有限公司智慧长江与水电科学湖北省重点实验室

基金项目: 智慧长江与水电科学湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目（ZH20020001）；中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目（202003251）；中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目（2019T120119）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（51809150）

详细信息

作者简介:
吴倩（1996—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事生态水利研究，qqwu928@163.com

通讯作者:
戴凌全（1986—），男，高级工程师，博士，主要从事水生态与水库优化调度研究，dai_lingquan@ctg.com.cn

中图分类号: X173, X522
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-17

Impact of Three Gorges Reservoir water supply regulation on habitat suitability of typical submerged plants in East Dongting Lake

WU Qian^{1, 2
,},
DAI Lingquan^{1, 3
, ,},
REN Yufeng⁴,
TANG Zhengyang⁴,
DAI Huichao³,
LIU Xinbo⁴,
LIU Fen^{1, 2},
ZHANG Qingsen^{1, 2}

1.
Hubei Field Observation and Scientific Research Stations for Water Ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir
2.
College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering , China Three Gorges University
3.
Yangtze River Eco-environmental Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation
4.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Yangtze and Hydroelectric Science, China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd.

摘要

摘要:
沉水植物是东洞庭湖水生态修复的重要物种，水深是影响沉水植物生长的关键因子之一。为定量描述三峡水库不同补水调度方式对东洞庭湖典型沉水植物生长生境的影响，以刺苦草（Vallisneria spinulosa）为目标物种，利用物理栖息地模型建立三峡水库补水调度期间不同出库流量与东洞庭湖刺苦草生长生境加权可利用面积（WUA）的关系。结果表明：刺苦草生长生境的适宜水深为0.2~1.8 m，最适宜水深为0.5~1.0 m；三峡水库实施补水调度后，东洞庭湖刺苦草生长生境的WUA整体呈现均匀上升趋势；三峡水库补水调度期间，出库流量为5 500~10 500 m³/s时，刺苦草生长生境最适宜水深范围对应的WUA呈现先增后减趋势，在出库流量为9 500 m³/s时WUA最大（74.46 km²），可认为刺苦草生长最适宜出库流量为8 500~10 500 m³/s。研究成果可为通过三峡水库生态调度进行东洞庭湖水生态环境恢复及保护提供参考。
- 三峡水库 /
- 东洞庭湖 /
- 刺苦草 /
- 生长生境 /
- 物理栖息地模型 /
- 加权可利用面积 (WUA)
Abstract:
Submerged plants are important species for ecological restoration of water in East Dongting Lake, and water depth is one of the key hydrodynamic factors affecting the growth of submerged plants. In order to quantitatively describe the impact of different water supply modes of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) on typical submerged plants growth habitat in East Dongting Lake, taking Vallisneria spinulosa as the target species, the relationship between different outflow from TGR and the weighted usable area (WUA) of Vallisneria spinulosa growth habitat in East Dongting Lake during TGR water supply operation was established by using physical habitat simulation model (PHABSIM). The results showed that the suitable water depth range for the growth habitat of Vallisneria spinulosa was 0.2~1.8 m, the optimal water depth range was 0.5~1.0 m. After TGR implementing the water supply operation, WUA of Vallisneria spinulosa growth habitat in East Dongting Lake showed a uniform upward trend totally. During the period of TGR water supply, the outflow was 5 500~10 500 m³/s. With the increase of the outflow of TGR, WUA corresponding to the optimal water depth range for Vallisneria spinulosa growth habitat firstly increased and then decreased. When the outflow range was 9 500 m³/s, the maximum WUA was 74.46 km². It could be considered that the optimal outflow range of Vallisneria spinulosa was 8 500~10 500 m³/s. The results were expected to provide reference for restoring and protecting the water ecological environment in East Dongting Lake through TGR ecological scheduling.
- Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) /
- East Dongting Lake /
- Vallisneria spinulosa /
- growth habitat /
- physical habitat simulation model (PHABSIM) /
- weighted usable area (WUA)

HTML全文

图 1 东洞庭湖地理位置及其自然保护区范围

Figure 1. Geographical location of East Dongting Lake and its scope of nature reserve

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图 2 刺苦草生长生境水深-适宜度曲线

Figure 2. Water depth-suitability curve of Vallisneria spinulosa growth habitat

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图 3 水力学模型构建范围、地形及东洞庭湖网格

Figure 3. Hydraulic model construction range, landform and East Dongting Lake grid

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图 4 三峡水库出库流量及“四水”入湖流量

Figure 4. Outflow from the TGR and the discharge of Four Rivers

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图 5 螺山站水位-流量关系曲线

Figure 5. Relationship between the water level and discharge at Luoshan station

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图 6 长江干流及东洞庭湖各水文站点水位的实测值与模拟值对比

Figure 6. Comparison of observed and simulated water level of hydrological stations in the main stream of the Yangtze River and East Dongting Lake

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图 7 三峡水库不同出库流量下东洞庭湖水位分布

Figure 7. Distribution of water level in East Dongting Lake under different outflows from TGR

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图 8 三峡水库不同出库流量下东洞庭湖刺苦草生长生境平均适宜水深及分布区域面积占比变化

Figure 8. Average suitable water depth and distribution area proportion of Vallisneria spinulosa in East Dongting Lake under different outflows from TGR

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图 9 三峡水库不同出库流量下东洞庭湖刺苦草生长生境适宜度指数分布

注：图中颜色越接近红色表明适宜度越高，越接近浅蓝色表明适宜度越低；白色表明该水域水深不在刺苦草生长生境适宜水深范围内。

Figure 9. HSI of Vallisneria spinulosa in East Dongting Lake under different outflows from TGR

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表 1 三峡水库不同出库流量下东洞庭湖刺苦草生长生境加权可利用面积（WUA）

Table 1. WUA of Vallisneria spinulosa in East Dongting Lake under different outflows from TGR

运行状态	出库流量/ （m³/s）	不同水深下的WUA/km²			总WUA/ km²
运行状态	出库流量/ （m³/s）	0.2~0.5	0.5~1.0	1.0~1.8	总WUA/ km²
运行前	4 716	36.83	28.82	14.41	80.06
运行后	5 500	41.13	37.39	14.96	93.48
	5 713	40.87	40.27	15.32	96.46
	6 500	39.29	49.39	23.57	112.25
	7 208	37.23	57.13	30.69	125.05
	7 500	36.37	61.06	32.48	129.91
	8 500	42.47	71.76	32.22	146.45
	9 500	43.70	74.46	43.70	161.86
	10 500	43.81	73.60	52.83	170.24

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