天津工业区春夏季VOCs污染特征及精细化来源解析

李丛舒; 刘永全; 刘欢; 刘金玉; 程绍玲; 降升平

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220214

天津工业区春夏季VOCs污染特征及精细化来源解析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220214

1.
天津科技大学理学院
2.
天津科技大学现代分析技术研究中心

基金项目: 天津市自然科学基金项目（18JCYBJC91200）

详细信息

作者简介:
李丛舒（1996—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为VOCs污染特征，licongshu@mail.tust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
降升平（1977—），男，高级实验师，主要从事环境污染研究，jiangshengping@tust.edu.cn

中图分类号: X511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-07

Pollution characteristics and refined source apportionment for VOCs in Tianjin Industrial Area in spring and summer

1.
College of Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology
2.
Research Center of Modern Analysis Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology

摘要

摘要:
2021年3—8月，采用热脱附气相色谱质谱法对天津工业区环境空气中109种挥发性有机物（VOCs）进行离线监测，研究了VOCs组成特征、臭氧生成潜势（OFP）及来源，并对工业源进行精细化分析。结果表明：观测期间VOCs浓度为（46.6±19.7）~（136.8±55.7）µg/m³，对VOCs浓度贡献较高的物种是烷烃、卤代烃、含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs），烷烃、芳香烃浓度呈中午低、早晚高的日变化趋势，OVOCs反之；OFP贡献占比较大的物种有烷烃、芳香烃、烯烃和OVOCs，烷烃的OFP贡献占比主要受其浓度占比影响，夏季芳香烃、烯烃的OFP贡献占比明显升高，臭氧（O₃）治理应加强二者的排放管控。来源解析显示，春夏季VOCs的主要来源为工业源、溶剂使用源、柴油车尾气排放源、油气挥发源和天然源。工业源精细化分析表明，芳香烃浓度与焦炭、纯碱产量，OVOCs浓度与天然气、乙烯、农用氮磷钾化肥产量，卤代烃浓度与天然气、汽车、农用氮磷钾化肥、纯碱产量，烯烃浓度与发电设备产量均呈正相关，初步判断，本地区环境空气中的芳香烃、OVOCs、卤代烃、烯烃可能来自于以上细分工业企业。
- 天津 /
- 挥发性有机物(VOCs) /
- 污染特征 /
- 臭氧生成潜势 /
- 来源解析
Abstract:
109 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of Tianjin Industrial Area were monitored offline from March 2021 to August 2021 by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The composition characteristics, ozone formation potential (OFP) and sources of VOCs were studied, and refined analysis of industrial emission sources was carried out. The results showed that VOCs concentrations fluctuated between (46.6±19.7) and (136.8±55.7) µg/m³ during the observation period, with alkanes, halogenated hydrocarbons and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs)contributing more to VOCs concentrations, and alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons showed a daily trend of low at noon and high in the morning and evening, while OVOCs did the opposite. Alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, olefin and OVOCs accounted for a large proportion of OFP contribution, the contribution proportions of alkanes to OFP were mainly influenced by their percentage of concentration, the contribution proportions of aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins to OFP was significantly higher in summer, and their emission control should be strengthened in order to control ozone (O₃). Source apportionment showed that the main emission sources in spring and summer were industrial sources, solvent use sources, diesel vehicle exhaust emissions sources, oil vapour volatilisation sources and natural sources. The refined analysis of industrial sources showed a positive correlation between the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons and the production of coke and soda ash, a positive correlation between the concentration of OVOCs and the production of natural gas, ethylene and agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, a positive correlation between the concentration of halogenated hydrocarbons and the production of natural gas, automobiles, agricultural nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and soda ash, and a positive correlation between the concentration of olefins and the production of power generation equipment. It was preliminarily determined that the aromatic hydrocarbons, OVOCs, halogenated hydrocarbons and olefins in the ambient air of the region were likely to come from these significantly correlated sub-segments of industrial enterprises.
- Tianjin /
- volatile organic compounds(VOCs) /
- pollution characteristics /
- ozone formation potential /
- source apportionment

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图 1 天津工业区采样点

Figure 1. Sampling points in Tianjin industrial area

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图 2 各类物种浓度占比

Figure 2. Percentage of concentration of each species

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图 3 不同采样时段VOCs及其各类组成的浓度

Figure 3. Concentrations of different kinds of VOCs components at different sampling time

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图 4 各类物种OFP贡献占比及温度、O₃浓度的变化

Figure 4. Contribution proportions of OFP of each species and changes in temperature and O₃ concentration

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图 5 春夏季VOCs中对OFP贡献前10的物种

Figure 5. Top 10 species contributing the most to OFP among VOCs in spring and summer

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图 6 春夏季PMF源解析因子分析结果

Figure 6. Results of PMF source apportionment in spring and summer

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图 7 天津各类工业生产量与各类VOCs浓度相关性

注：*表示P<0.05；烯烃、卤代烃、OVOCs、芳香烃浓度单位为µg/m³，焦炭、乙烯、农用氮磷钾化肥、纯碱产量单位为万t，天然气产量单位为亿m³，汽车产量单位为万辆，发电设备产量单位为10⁴ kW。

Figure 7. Correlation between VOCs species concentration and industrial production in Tianjin

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表 1 VOCs月平均浓度

Table 1. Monthly VOCs Concentrations µg/m³　

VOCs	春季			夏季
VOCs	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月
烷烃	75.2±35.5	36.2±25.0	52.3±22.4	62.6±42.5	13.5±10.5	23.1±13.5
卤代烃	34.0±26.6	20.6±21.7	13.2±8.3	17.0±14.9	16.0±10.6	7.7±4.0
OVOCs	19.1±6.7	14.0±5.6	16.4±12.4	11.7±2.4	10.1±3.4	10.2±2.6
芳香烃	6.3±2.5	4.8±2.3	4.1±1.7	3.9±1.4	5.2±0.8	3.8±1.2
烯烃	1.4±0.5	1.1±0.3	1.8±3.5	6.6±4.1	0.9±0.8	2.4±1.7
其他	0.7±0.7	0.8±2.1	0.1±0.1	6.2±6.8	0.8±3.0	0.9±1.5
合计	136.8±55.7	77.5±48.9	87.9±27.4	108.0±57.1	46.6±19.7	48.1±18.5
注：数据为平均值±标准偏差。

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表 2 春夏季VOCs源解析结果

Table 2. Results of VOCs source apportionment in spring and summer

季节	因子	各因子中贡献率较高的物质	源解析类别	源贡献率/%
春季	1	丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、3-甲基戊烷、2-甲基戊烷、甲基环戊烷	油气挥发源^[21,32]	17.6
	2	C₇~C₁₀的烷烃、芳香烃	柴油车尾气排放源^[3,33]	16.3
	3	正己烷、丙酮、二硫化碳	工业源1^[32,34]	26.4
	4	1,2-二氯乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷、三氯甲烷、三氯乙烯	工业源2^[19]	16.1
	5	环戊烷、二氯甲烷	溶剂使用源^[35]	23.7
夏季	1	2,3-二甲基丁烷、3-甲基戊烷、2-甲基戊烷、环戊烷、甲基环戊烷、环己烷	油气挥发源^[21,32]	29.5
	2	C₇~C₁₀的烷烃、芳香烃	柴油车尾气排放源^[3,33]	18.3
	3	正己烷、丙酮、二硫化碳	工业源^[32,34]	22.1
	4	异戊二烯	天然源^[31]	14.7
	5	二氯甲烷	溶剂使用源^[34]	15.2

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