矿山公园土壤重金属的生态与健康风险评价

邓红芮; 李积普; 罗琳; 杨璐; 郭鹏飞; 谢红彬; 刘建兴

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220246

矿山公园土壤重金属的生态与健康风险评价—以湖南M矿为例

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220246

邓红芮^1,,
李积普^{1, 2},
罗琳¹,
杨璐¹,
郭鹏飞¹,
谢红彬^1, ,,
刘建兴³

1.
福建师范大学地理科学学院
2.
宜兴市自然资源和规划局
3.
福州大学紫金地质与矿业学院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41871208）

详细信息

作者简介:
邓红芮(1999—)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事区域可持续发展研究，qsx20211126@student.fjnu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
谢红彬（1966—），女，教授，博士，主要从事区域可持续发展与旅游开发研究，xiehongbin933@sina.com

中图分类号: X53
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- HTML全文浏览量: 261
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-16

Ecological and health risk assessment of soil heavy metals in a mining park: a case study of M Mine in Hunan Province

DENG Hongrui^1
,,
LI Jipu^{1, 2},
LUO Lin¹,
YANG Lu¹,
GUO Pengfei¹,
XIE Hongbin^{1
, ,},
LIU Jianxing³

1.
School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University
2.
Yixing Natural Resources and Planning Bureau
3.
Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University

摘要

摘要:
矿山公园建设是矿山生态环境修复治理的重要途径，评估土壤修复效果对矿山公园建设运营及游客旅游安全具有重要意义。在湖南M矿山公园非硬化地面采集地表0~30 cm旱土土壤样品66个，测定其中重金属Mn、Cr、Zn、Pb、As、Cu、Ni、Hg的浓度，采用综合污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数法及健康风险评估模型对矿山公园土壤修复后污染状况、潜在生态风险和人类健康风险三方面进行评价。结果表明：M矿山公园土壤中各金属浓度平均值从高到低依次为Mn>Cr>Zn>Pb>As>Cu>Ni>Hg，其中，Cr、Mn、Cu、As和Pb的平均值分别是湖南省土壤背景值的1.23、1.80、1.12、2.05和1.34倍。土壤重金属污染指数为0.51，处于安全级别。各重金属元素单因子潜在风险指数均处于低生态风险级别，重金属综合潜在风险指数均值为81.64，处于低生态风险级别，不存在潜在生态风险。儿童和成人的非致癌风险总值分别为2.46×10⁻¹和7.43×10⁻²，不会造成非致癌风险；总致癌风险指数为1.38×10⁻⁷，不存在致癌风险。经过生态修复后的M矿山公园不存在土壤重金属生态健康风险，适于各类人群开展旅游休闲活动。
- 矿山公园 /
- 重金属污染 /
- 生态风险评价 /
- 健康风险评价
Abstract:
The construction of mining parks is an important way to restore and manage the ecological environment of mines, and the assessment of the soil remediation effect of mine parks is of great significance to the construction and operation of mining parks and the safety of tourists. 66 soil samples were collected from 0-30 cm of dry soil on unhardened ground in the mining park, and the contents of heavy metals Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb, As, Cu, Ni and Hg were measured. The comprehensive pollution index, potential ecological risk index and health risk assessment model were used to evaluate pollution status, potential ecological risk and human health risk of the remediated soil. The results showed that the average values of each metal element in M Mining Park were Mn > Cr > Zn > Pb > As > Cu > Ni > Hg, where the average values of Cr, Mn, Cu, As and Pb were 1.23, 1.80, 1.12, 2.05 and 1.34 times of the background values of Hunan soil, respectively. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index was 0.51, which was at a safe level. The single factor potential risk index for each heavy metal element was at the low ecological risk level, and the average potential ecological risk index was 81.64, which was at the low ecological risk level, showing there was no potential ecological risk. The total non-carcinogenic risk value for children and adults was respectively 2.46×10⁻¹ and 7.43×10⁻², which did not cause non-carcinogenic risk, and the total carcinogenic risk index was 1.38×10⁻⁷, which did not have carcinogenic risk. Overall, after ecological restoration, the mine park would have no ecological risk and health risk of heavy metals in soil, suitable for tourism and recreation for various populations.
- mining park /
- heavy metal pollution /
- ecological risk evaluation /
- health risk evaluation

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图 1 综合污染指数分级

Figure 1. Regionalization map of integrated pollution index

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图 2 综合潜在生态风险指数分级

Figure 2. Regionalization map of comprehensive potential ecological risk index

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表 1 污染指数分级标准

Table 1. Pollution index classification standards

P	污染程度
<0.7	安全
0.7~1.0	警戒
1.0~2.0	轻度
2.0~3.0	中度
≥3.0	重度

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表 2 潜在生态风险指数分级标准

Table 2. Potential ecological risk index grading criteria

${E}_{ {\rm{} }{\rm{r}}}^{i}$	单项生态风险指数分级	RI	综合生态风险指数分级
<40	轻微	<120	低微
40~80	中等	120~240	中等
80~160	强	240~480	严重
160~320	很强	≥480	极重
≥320	极强

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表 3 重金属健康风险评价参数设置

Table 3. Health risk assessment parameters of heavy metals

参数	物理意义	单位	成人取值	儿童取值	数据来源
ABS	皮肤接触吸收效率因子	无量纲	0.001	0.001	文献[31,38-39]
AT_C	致癌效应平均暴露时间	d	28 105	28 105	文献[31,38-39]
AT_N	非致癌效应平均暴露时间	d	8 760	2 190	文献[31,38-39]
BW	人均体重	kg	62.5	32.2	文献[28]
CF	转换系数	无量纲	10⁻⁶	10⁻⁶	文献[31,38-39]
ED	人均暴露年限	a	24	6	文献[31,38-39]
EF	年均暴露频率	d/a	180	180	文献[36]
IRh	呼吸速率	m³/d	14.5	7.5	文献[37]
IRt	经口摄入重金属速率	mg/d	50	90	文献[30]
PEF	颗粒物排放因子	mg³/kg	1.36×10⁹	1.36×10⁹	文献[31,38-39]
SA	人均暴露皮肤面积	cm²	2145	1150	文献[36]
SL	皮肤附着度	mg/(cm²·d)	0.07	0.2	文献[28,33-34]

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表 4 RfD和SF参考值

Table 4. Reference values of RfD and SF

重金属	RfD/〔mg/(kg·d)〕			SF/（kg·d/mg）
重金属	手口摄入	皮肤接触	呼吸吸入	SF/（kg·d/mg）
Cr	3.00×10⁻³	6.00×10⁻⁵	2.86×10⁻⁵	42
Mn	4.60×10⁻²	1.84×10⁻³	1.43×10⁻⁵
Ni	2.00×10⁻²	5.40×10⁻³	2.06×10⁻²	0.84
Cu	4.00×10⁻²	1.20×10⁻²	4.02×10⁻²
Zn	3.00×10⁻¹	6.00×10⁻²	3.00×10⁻¹
As	3.00×10⁻⁴	1.23×10⁻⁴	3.01×10⁻⁴	15.1
Pb	3.50×10⁻³	5.25×10⁻⁴	3.52×10⁻⁴
Hg	3.00×10⁻⁴	2.10×10⁻⁵	8.57×10⁻⁵

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表 5 表层土壤重金属浓度统计分析

Table 5. Statistical analysis of heavy metals content in surface soil mg/kg　

重金属	浓度	平均值	标准差	变异系数	湖南省土壤背景值	总量标准¹⁾	土壤污染风险筛选值²⁾
Cr	34.229~ 165.475	87.827	33.373	0.380	71.4	400
Mn	119.762~ 5707.273	823.977	1078.193	1.309	459	2 000
Ni	8.947~ 53.756	25.279	8.243	0.326	31.9		150
Cu	12.058~ 59.567	30.559	10.196	0.334	27.3	300	2 000
Zn	38.033~ 368.352	76.286	47.287	0.620	94.9	500
As	10.514~ 99.672	32.230	19.044	0.591	15.7	50	60
Pb	19.579~ 195.286	39.794	21.934	0.551	29.7	280	400
Hg	0.044~ 0.218	0.115	0.040	0.348	0.116	4	8
1)为DB43/T 1165—2016《重金属污染场地土壤修复标准》总量标准；2）为GB 36600—2018《土壤环境质量建设用地污染风险管控标准》土壤污染风险筛选值。

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表 6 土壤重金属污染评价结果

Table 6. Evaluation results of soil heavy metals pollution

重金属	不同污染等级采样点占比/%					标准值/ （mg/kg）	P_i	等级
重金属	安全	警戒	轻污染	中污染	重污染	标准值/ （mg/kg）	P_i	等级
Cr	100	0	0	0	0	400	0.22	安全
Mn	87.88	1.52	7.58	3.03	0	200	0.41	安全
Ni	100	0	0	0	0	150	0.17	安全
Cu	100	0	0	0	0	300	0.10	安全
Zn	98.48	1.52	0	0	0	500	0.15	安全
As	71.21	16.67	12.12	0	0	50	0.65	安全
Pb	100	0	0	0	0	280	0.14	安全
Hg	100	0	0	0	0	4	0.03	安全

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表 7 土壤重金属潜在生态风险指数评价结果

Table 7. Evaluation results of potential ecological risk index of soil heavy metals

重金属	不同生态危害水平采样点占比/%					单因子潜在风险指数
重金属	轻微	中等	强	很强	极强	最大值	最小值	平均值
Cr	100	0	0	0	0	4.64	0.96	2.46
Mn	100	0	0	0	0	12.43	0.26	1.80
Ni	100	0	0	0	0	8.43	1.40	3.96
Cu	100	0	0	0	0	10.91	2.21	5.60
Zn	100	0	0	0	0	3.88	0.40	0.80
As	92.42	7.58	0	0	0	63.48	6.70	20.53
Pb	100	0	0	0	0	32.88	3.29	6.70
Hg	60.61	39.39	0	0	0	75.17	15.17	39.79

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表 8 重金属日均暴露剂量

Table 8. Average daily exposure dose of heavy metals mg/(kg·d)　

重金属	成人非致癌物日均暴露量			儿童非致癌物日均暴露量			致癌物日均暴露量
重金属	手口摄入	皮肤接触	呼吸吸入	手口摄入	皮肤接触	呼吸吸入	致癌物日均暴露量
Cr	3.46×10⁻⁵	1.04×10⁻⁷	7.39×10⁻⁹	1.21×10⁻⁴	3.09×10⁻⁷	7.42×10⁻⁹	2.88×10⁻⁹
Mn	3.25×10⁻⁴	9.76×10⁻⁷	6.93×10⁻⁸	1.14×10⁻³	2.90×10⁻⁶	6.96×10⁻⁸
Ni	9.97×10⁻⁶	2.99×10⁻⁸	2.13×10⁻⁹	3.48×10⁻⁵	8.90×10⁻⁸	2.13×10⁻⁹	8.29×10⁻¹⁰
Cu	1.21×10⁻⁵	3.62×10⁻⁸	2.57×10⁻⁹	4.21×10⁻⁵	1.08×10⁻⁷	2.58×10⁻⁹
Zn	3.01×10⁻⁵	9.04×10⁻⁸	6.42×10⁻⁹	1.05×10⁻⁴	2.69×10⁻⁷	6.44×10⁻⁹
As	1.27×10⁻⁵	3.82×10⁻⁸	2.71×10⁻⁹	4.44×10⁻⁵	1.14×10⁻⁷	2.72×10⁻⁹	1.06×10⁻⁹
Pb	1.57×10⁻⁵	4.71×10⁻⁸	3.35×10⁻⁹	5.49×10⁻⁵	1.40×10⁻⁷	3.36×10⁻⁹
Hg	4.54×10⁻⁸	1.36×10⁻¹⁰	9.67×10⁻¹²	1.59×10⁻⁷	4.05×10⁻¹⁰	9.71×10⁻¹²

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表 9 重金属非致癌风险指数和致癌风险指数

Table 9. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk indices for heavy metals

金属元素	成人非致癌风险商			儿童非致癌风险商			非致癌风险指数		致癌风险指数
金属元素	手口摄入	皮肤接触	呼吸吸入	手口摄入	皮肤接触	呼吸吸入	成人	儿童	致癌风险指数
Cr	1.16×10⁻²	1.73×10⁻³	2.58×10⁻⁴	4.04×10⁻²	5.16×10⁻³	2.60×10⁻⁴	1.35×10⁻²	4.58×10⁻²	1.21×10⁻⁷
Mn	7.07×10⁻³	5.31×10⁻⁴	4.85×10⁻³	2.47×10⁻²	1.58×10⁻³	4.87×10⁻³	1.24×10⁻²	3.11×10⁻²
Ni	4.99×10⁻⁴	5.55×10⁻⁶	1.03×10⁻⁷	1.74×10⁻³	1.65×10⁻⁵	1.04×10⁻⁷	5.04×10⁻⁴	1.76×10⁻³	6.96×10⁻¹⁰
Cu	3.01×10⁻⁴	3.02×10⁻⁶	6.40×10⁻⁸	1.05×10⁻³	8.97×10⁻⁶	6.42×10⁻⁸	3.04×10⁻⁴	1.06×10⁻³
Zn	1.00×10⁻⁴	1.51×10⁻⁶	2.14×10⁻⁸	3.51×10⁻⁴	4.48×10⁻⁶	2.15×10⁻⁸	1.02×10⁻⁴	3.55×10⁻⁴
As	4.24×10⁻²	3.10×10⁻⁴	9.01×10⁻⁶	1.48×10⁻¹	9.23×10⁻⁵	9.04×10⁻⁶	4.27×10⁻²	1.49×10⁻¹	1.60×10⁻⁸
Pb	4.49×10⁻³	8.98×10⁻⁵	9.51×10⁻⁶	1.57×10⁻²	2.67×10⁻⁴	9.55×10⁻⁶	4.59×10⁻³	1.59×10⁻²
Hg	1.51×10⁻⁴	6.49×10⁻⁶	1.13×10⁻⁷	5.28×10⁻⁴	1.93×10⁻⁵	1.13×10⁻⁷	1.58×10⁻⁴	5.48×10⁻⁴
综合风险指数							7.43×10⁻²	2.46×10⁻¹	1.38×10⁻⁷

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