黑水虻生物处理餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥的效果

毛元坤; 张子辰; 刘世奇; 张立秋; 封莉

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220284

黑水虻生物处理餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥的效果

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220284

毛元坤^{1, 2,},
张子辰^{1, 2},
刘世奇^{1, 2},
张立秋^{1, 2},
封莉^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京林业大学，水体污染源控制技术北京市重点实验室
2.
北京林业大学，污染水体源控制与生态修复技术北京市高等学校工程研究中心

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41977317，42177051，52170021）

详细信息

作者简介:
毛元坤（1997—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为固体废物处理处置与资源化利用，myk199704@163.com

通讯作者:
封莉（1972—），女，教授，博士，博士生导师，主要研究方向为污水处理与回用技术、污泥处理与资源化利用等，fengli_hit@163.com

中图分类号: X705
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-29

Effect of biotreatment of kitchen waste and excess activated sludge by black soldier fly

MAO Yuankun^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Zichen^{1, 2},
LIU Shiqi^{1, 2},
ZHANG Liqiu^{1, 2},
FENG Li^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University
2.
Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University

摘要

摘要:
黑水虻生物转化技术可用于餐厨垃圾或剩余污泥的处理，解决其处置和资源化难题。分别考察了餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥在不同混合比例（污泥比例分别为0%、25%、50%、75%、100%）下作为培养底物时的处置转化情况以及黑水虻的生长和重金属富集情况。结果显示：经15 d处理后，不同组别餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥混合物的平均减量率为22.66%~56.16%，平均生物转化率为15.18%~27.84%，且处理后有机废物的恶臭气味消失，处置效果良好。此外，剩余污泥比例低于75%的组别都能保证黑水虻的正常生长，剩余污泥比例为25%和50%组别中，黑水虻的粗蛋白（21.22%、20.50%）和粗脂肪（18.91%、18.50%）含量相较于未添加剩余污泥组（40.75%、37.56%）略低，但其微量元素含量（14.24%、14.59%）相较于未添加剩余污泥组（10.02%）略高，剩余污泥比例为0%和25%的组别中，黑水虻的重金属生物富集系数均在阈值范围内（<1）。未添加剩余污泥培养的黑水虻可用作水生生物饲料，添加剩余污泥培养的黑水虻可作为禽畜饲料添加剂使用，实现固废养殖的黑水虻的资源化利用。
- 餐厨垃圾 /
- 剩余污泥 /
- 生物转化 /
- 黑水虻 /
- 废物资源化 /
- 重金属 /
- 生物富集系数
Abstract:
Kitchen waste or excess activated sludge could be disposed by the biotransformation technology of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to solve the problem of its disposal and resource utilization. The disposal and conversion of kitchen waste and excess activated sludge as culture substrate and the situations of BSFL growth and heavy metal enrichment under different feeding conditions (respectively with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% excess activated sludge) were investigated. The results showed that after 15 d treatment process, the average reduction rate was 22.66%-56.16%, and the average biological conversion rate was 15.18%-27.84% in different groups. Furthermore, the treated food waste and excess activated sludge exhibited better characteristics and had no foul odor, indicating that preferable treatment efficiency of these solid wastes could be acquired in the synchronous disposition system by BSFL. Especially, when the mass ratio of excess activated sludge in the fodder reached less than 75%, BSFL could survive. The contents of crude protein (21.22% and 20.5%) and crude fat (18.91% and 18.5%) of BSFL in the 25% and 50% excess activated sludge groups were lower than that in the groups without excess sludge (40.75% and 37.56%), while a higher content of trace elements of the above two groups (14.24% and 14.59%) was observed in BSFL comparing to that of the groups without excess sludge (10.02%). The enrichment coefficients of heavy metals in 0% and 25% excess activated sludge groups were under the threshold value (<1). Based on these results, the BSFL fed with food waste could be served for the feed of aquatic organisms, and the BSFL fed with excess activated sludge could beserved as the feed of aquatic organisms, and the BSFL fed with excess activated sludge could be used as a feed additive for some poultry and livestock, thus enabling the resource utilization of BSFL cultivated with solid wastes.
- kitchen waste /
- excess activated sludge /
- bioconversion /
- black soldier fly larvae /
- utilization of waste /
- heavy metal /
- bio-concentration coefficient

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图 1 不同污泥添加量下物质减量率及生物转化率

Figure 1. Waste reduction rate and bioconversion rate of each group under different addition proportions of sludge

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图 2 黑水虻虫体内蛋白质、脂肪、灰分平均含量

Figure 2. Average content of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash in black soldier fly larvae

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图 3 黑水虻虫体内微量元素平均含量

Figure 3. Average content of trace elements in black soldier fly larvae

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图 4 黑水虻虫体内重金属含量

Figure 4. Content of different heavy metals in black soldier fly larvae

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图 5 不同试验组中黑水虻的重金属生物富集系数

Figure 5. Bioaccumulation coefficients of heavy metals in black soldier fly larvae in different experimental groups

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图 6 不同试验组中黑水虻对重金属的平均生物富集系数

Figure 6. Average bioaccumulation coefficients of black soldier fly larvae to heavy metals in different experimental groups

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表 1 剩余污泥性质指标

Table 1. Contents of the ingredients in excess activated sludge

理化指标	数值	理化指标	数值
pH	7.2	Zn浓度/（mg/kg）	590
含水率/%	82.3	P浓度/（mg/kg）	295
灰分占比/%	58.75	As浓度/（mg/kg）	6.84
有机质占比/%	23.20	Pb浓度/（mg/kg）	30.46
无机盐占比/%	18.25	Cr浓度/（mg/kg）	26.11
Ca浓度/（mg/kg）	7 531	Hg浓度/（mg/kg）	0.15
Cu浓度/（mg/kg）	145.5	Cd浓度/（mg/kg）	0.79

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表 2 餐饮垃圾及厨余垃圾性质指标

Table 2. Contents of the ingredients in food residue and kitchen waste %　

类别	含水率	灰分	脂肪	蛋白质	无机盐
餐饮垃圾	79.3	1.67	24.50	26.10	0.82
厨余垃圾	88.9	1.69	5.80	7.90	5.91

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表 3 不同试验组别黑水虻饲料配比

Table 3. Ratios of fodder to black soldier fly larvae in different experimental groups %　

类型	未添加污泥组					25%污泥组				50%污泥组			75%污泥组		100%污泥组
类型	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	T7	T8	T9	T10	T11	T12	T13	T14	T15
餐饮垃圾	0	33.3	50	66.7	100	0	25	50	75	0	25	50	0	25	0
厨余垃圾	100	66.7	50	33.3	0	75	50	25	0	50	25	0	25	0	0
剩余污泥	0	0	0	0	0	25	25	25	25	50	50	50	75	75	100

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表 4 测定指标及方法

Table 4. Indexes and methods of test

测定指标	检测方法
虫体中粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量	GB/T 18868—2002
虫体总P含量	GB/T 6437—2018
虫体Ca、Cu、Zn含量	GB/T 13885—2017
虫体粗灰分含量	GB/T 6438—2007
虫体总As含量	GB/T 13079—2006
虫体Pb含量	GB/T 13080—2018
虫体Hg含量	GB/T 13081—2006
虫体Cd含量	GB/T 13082—1991
虫体Cr含量	GB/T 13088—2006

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表 5 不同试验组别中黑水虻生长状况

Table 5. Growth status of black soldier fly larvae in different experimental groups

类别	组别	物料干质量/g	黑水虻
类别	组别	物料干质量/g	干质量/g	湿质量/g	长度/cm	平均长度/cm	平均质量/g
未添加污泥组	T1	244.93±19.72	32.30±0.75	294.12±13.45	1.21±0.09	1.51	514.62
	T2	329.51±23.23	39.34±2.64	536.34±21.27	1.33±0.07
	T3	334.90±43.17	40.50±9.71	563.28±24.46	1.41±0.05
	T4	359.49±64.14	43.38±0.58	572.46±32.74	1.63±0.01
	T5	391.86±52.32	45.36±6.65	606.90±41.49	1.96±0.16
25%污泥组	T6	302.63±22.34	35.88±0.91	115.32±35.46	0.72±0.08	0.77	270.72
	T7	388.11±13.82	50.82±0.87	293.7±23.48	0.74±0.05
	T8	472.83±21.27	51.32±3.74	370.26±4.47	0.69±0.04
	T9	473.59±24.12	54.34±1.81	303.6±12.47	0.93±0.13
50%污泥组	T10	459.07±63.17	48.42±5.66	257.76±14.48	0.79±0.11	0.61	284.82
	T11	456.80±53.42	50.70±4.53	296.46±22.34	0.52±0.05
	T12	442.28±41.12	60.48±5.76	300.24±35.42	0.53±0.03

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