呼伦湖水体溶解性有机物荧光特征及来源分析

白凯; 君珊; 郑朔方; 张博

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220327

呼伦湖水体溶解性有机物荧光特征及来源分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220327

白凯^1,,
君珊^1, ,,
郑朔方^{2, 3},
张博^{2, 3}

1.
内蒙古自治区环境监测总站呼伦贝尔分站
2.
湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
3.
国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2018MS02022）

详细信息

作者简介:
白凯（1987—），男，工程师，硕士，主要从事水环境质量综合评价研究，esrihlb@163.com

通讯作者:
君珊（1972—），女，正高级工程师，硕士，主要从事环境监测研究，j_shm@126.com

中图分类号: X524
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-09

Fluorescence characteristics and sources of dissolved organic matter in Hulun Lake

BAI Kai^1
,,
JUN Shan^{1
, ,},
ZHENG Shuofang^{2, 3},
ZHANG Bo^{2, 3}

1.
Hulunbuir Substation of Inner Mongolia Environmental Monitoring Station
2.
National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
3.
State Environment Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
呼伦湖是我国北方生态安全屏障的重要组成部分，为探究呼伦湖水体中有机物的组成及来源，利用三维荧光光谱（EEMs）结合平行因子（PARAFAC）分析技术进行溶解性有机物（DOM）荧光特征及来源研究。结果表明：呼伦湖DOM中含有3种荧光组分，分别为类色氨酸（C1）、类腐殖酸（C2）和类富里酸（C3）；平水期、丰水期和枯水期的C2和C3荧光强度占比约70%，表明呼伦湖水体DOM以腐殖质类物质为主，其中不同水期生态补水工程入湖口的C2和C3荧光强度均高于其他区域；平水期、丰水期和枯水期的荧光指数、生物指数和腐殖化指数平均值分别为1.50~1.54、0.85~1.00和4.12~4.68，表明呼伦湖DOM由陆源和自生源混合组成，具有明显的自生源特征；水质监测数据表明，2021年呼伦湖平水期、丰水期和枯水期水质均为GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》劣Ⅴ类，其中平水期和丰水期的BOD₅平均值高于枯水期，而平水期总有机碳平均浓度高于丰水期和枯水期；不同水期C2和C3的荧光强度均呈显著正相关，表明DOM中组分C2和C3的产生及来源具有一致性。
- 呼伦湖 /
- 溶解性有机物（DOM） /
- 三维荧光光谱 /
- 平行因子分析 /
- 荧光特征 /
- 来源分析
Abstract:
Hulun Lake is an important component part of the northern ecological security barrier in China. To study the components and sources of organic matter in Hulun Lake, the three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectra (EEMs) and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis techniques were used to analyze the fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its sources. The results showed that three fluorescent components were obtained in DOM using EEM-PARAFAC, namely tryptophan-like substances (C1), humic-like substances (C2) and fulvic-like substances (C3). The total proportion of C2 and C3 fluorescence intensity accounted for about 70%, showing that the humic-like substances were the main part of DOM in the water of Hulun Lake during the normal, wet and dry seasons. The fluorescence intensity of C2 and C3 in the inlet of the ecological supplement channel was higher than that in other regions in different seasons. The average value of the fluorescence index, the biological source index and the humification index of DOM in Hulun Lake were 1.50-1.54, 0.85-1.00 and 4.12-4.68, respectively, during the normal, wet and dry seasons, indicating that DOM of Hulun Lake came from land sources and autogenous sources with autogenous source characteristics. According to the monitoring data, the water quality of Hulun Lake exceeded Class Ⅴ of Environmental Quality Standards of Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) during the normal, wet and dry seasons in 2021. The average concentration of BOD₅ in the normal and wet seasons was higher than that in the dry season in 2021. At the same time, the average concentration of the total organic matter in the normal season was higher than that in the wet and dry seasons. The results of the redundancy analysis showed that C2 was significantly and positively correlated with C3, indicating that the production and source of C2 were consistent with C3 in DOM.
- Hulun Lake /
- dissolved organic matter (DOM) /
- three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectra (EEMs) /
- parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) /
- fluorescence characteristics /
- source analysis

HTML全文

图 1 呼伦湖采样点分布示意

Figure 1. Diagram of sampling sites of Hulun Lake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同水期呼伦湖水质参数变化

注：*表示P≤0.05。

Figure 2. Concentration change of the water quality parameters of Hulun Lake in different seasons

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图 3 呼伦湖水体EEM-PARAFAC的荧光组分及其激发/发射载荷

Figure 3. Fluorescence components and excitation/emission loadings analyzed by EEM-PARAFAC in Hulun Lake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同水期DOM的3种组分荧光强度及占比

Figure 4. Fluorescence intensity and proportions of three fluorescent components of DOM in different water seasons

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图 5 不同水期呼伦湖DOM各组分荧光强度空间分布示意

Figure 5. Spatial distribution of three fluorescent components intensity of DOM in different water seasons

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图 6 不同水期DOM的FI-BIX和FI-HIX分布

Figure 6. FI-BIX and FI-HIX distributions of DOM in different water seasons

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图 7 呼伦湖荧光组分与水质参数的RDA分析结果

Figure 7. RDA result of fluorescence parameters and water quality parameters in Hulun Lake

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表 1 三维荧光光谱DOM特征参数

Table 1. Characteristic parameters of 3D fluorescence spectrum

指标名称	计算方法	数值范围与来源特征
荧光指数（FI）	E_x为370 nm，E_m为450与500 nm处荧光强度的比值^[26]	表征水体DOM的来源：FI<1.4，表明DOM主要为陆地或土壤输入；FI为1.4~1.9，表明DOM为陆源与自生源混合贡献；FI>1.9，表明DOM主要来自于生物活动产生内源^[27]
生物指数（BIX）	E_x为310 nm，E_m为380与430 nm处荧光强度的比值^[28]	反映水体DOM的自生源特征：BIX为0.6~0.7，表明DOM组分中自生源贡献较少；BIX为0.7~0.8，表明DOM组分中具有中度新近自生源特征；BIX为0.8~1.0，表明DOM组分中自生源贡献较大；BIX>1.0时，表明DOM组分主要为自生源且有机质为新近产生^[29]
腐殖化指数（HIX）	E_x为254 nm，E_m为435~480与300~345 nm处荧光强度平均值的比值^[30]	反映DOM的腐殖化程度：HIX<4，表明DOM的腐殖化程度不强，以自生源为主，可以生物利用；HIX>6，表明DOM具有强腐殖特征，结构稳定，生物有效性较低^[31]

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