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珠三角典型区域农田小区尺度氮、磷、镉、砷输移特征与控制对策

薛雪 毛宇鹏 张洪

薛雪,毛宇鹏,张洪.珠三角典型区域农田小区尺度氮、磷、镉、砷输移特征与控制对策[J].环境工程技术学报,2023,13(3):1179-1186 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220391
引用本文: 薛雪,毛宇鹏,张洪.珠三角典型区域农田小区尺度氮、磷、镉、砷输移特征与控制对策[J].环境工程技术学报,2023,13(3):1179-1186 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220391
XUE X,MAO Y P,ZHANG H.Transport fluxes of nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium and arsenic at farmland plot scale in the typical areas of Pearl River Delta region[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2023,13(3):1179-1186 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220391
Citation: XUE X,MAO Y P,ZHANG H.Transport fluxes of nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium and arsenic at farmland plot scale in the typical areas of Pearl River Delta region[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2023,13(3):1179-1186 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220391

珠三角典型区域农田小区尺度氮、磷、镉、砷输移特征与控制对策

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220391
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0801301)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    薛雪(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为沉积物-水界面污染物扩散通量,xuexue_st@rcees.ac.cn

    通讯作者:

    张洪(1980—),男,研究员,博士,研究方向为流域物质循环与调控,hongzhang@rcees.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: X82, X52

Transport fluxes of nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium and arsenic at farmland plot scale in the typical areas of Pearl River Delta region

  • 摘要:

    区域氮、磷、镉、砷输移变化是影响农业生产、导致农田面源污染的主要因素。基于土壤表观平衡模型,以珠三角流域佛山市农业科学研究所试验农田为典型研究区域,构建农田小区尺度土壤表观氮、磷、镉、砷平衡模型,对4种元素在土壤中输移结构和平衡进行分析。结果表明:研究区域4种元素的主要输入途径是施肥,而输出的主要形式各有不同。其中,氮、磷主要输出形式是作物富集输出,输出占比分别为57.5%和39.0%;镉、砷主要输出形式分别是地表径流和作物富集输出,输出占比分别为66.7%和10.7%。研究区域4种元素均出现了不同程度土壤富集现象,农田小区尺度氮、磷平衡处于盈余状态,而镉、砷平衡处于亏损状态,4种元素的平衡强度分别为37.40、8.88、−1.35和−20.50 kg/(hm2·a),仅氮、磷未超过当地土壤环境安全阈值。分析试验农田中5类蔬菜各部位镉、砷富集情况发现,砷的富集系数均达到70.0%以上,而镉的富集只在辣椒叶中较为突出,富集系数达到57.5%。研究显示,应重视肥料输入的有效利用,加强农田灌溉水、农作物和地表径流中重金属的监测,以保障区域粮食安全和水环境安全。

     

  • 图  1  研究区分区及采样点设置

    Figure  1.  Partitioning and sampling point setting of the study area

    图  2  农田土壤表观氮、磷、镉、砷平衡计算框架

    Figure  2.  Framework for calculating the balance of apparent nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium and arsenic in farmland soil

    图  3  5类蔬菜不同部位对镉、砷的富集系数

    注:白色填充为砷;灰色填充为镉。

    Figure  3.  Enrichment coefficients of cadmium and arsenic in different parts of five kinds of vegetables

    表  1  农田土壤表观氮、磷、镉、砷输移结构信息

    Table  1.   Information on the apparent transport structure of nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium and arsenic in farmland soil

    项目浓度/(mg/kg)年输入或输出量/(kg/a)
    输入肥料复合肥151)151)0.804.70741632570.040 00.244
    钾肥000.054.20000.000 80.063
    尿素481)0004406000
    有机肥3.901)2.901)2.405.90195850.012 00.040
    小计1201733420.0530.347
    灌溉水1.372)0.082)0.0042)0.0472)100.580.0290.340
    大气沉降7419.500.0140.034
    输出作物富集稻秆4 6001 0730.324.305061180.0350.473
    稻米6 0481 6050.230.196521730.0250.020
    蔬菜1 6263630.832.55381850.0580.179
    小计15393760.1180.672
    地表径流稻田2.161.370.000 40.0013342120.0620.155
    旱地3.501.360.003 00.0052871110.2450.410
    小计6213230.3070.565
    土壤富集0~20 cm1 8361 0450.140.60182103.100.0141.700
    20~40 cm1 7208640.110.6517085.300.0111.680
    40~60 cm1 6847660.100.6816675.700.0101.670
    小计518264.100.0355.050
    平衡10 0902 389−0.364−5.566
      1)单位为%;2)单位为mg/L。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  农田小区尺度土壤表观氮、磷、镉、砷平衡强度

    Table  2.   Soil apparent balance intensities of N, P, Cd and As at farmland plot scale kg/(hm2·a) 

    项目氮强度磷强度镉强度砷强度
    输入肥料44.5012.400.201.38
    灌溉水0.040.0020.111.26
    大气沉降2.740.040.050.13
    合计47.3012.400.362.77
    输出作物富集5.701.390.442.49
    地表径流2.301.191.142.09
    土壤富集1.920.980.1318.70
    合计9.923.561.7123.30
    平衡37.408.88−1.35−20.50
    下载: 导出CSV
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