珠三角典型区域农田小区尺度氮、磷、镉、砷输移特征与控制对策

薛雪; 毛宇鹏; 张洪

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220391

珠三角典型区域农田小区尺度氮、磷、镉、砷输移特征与控制对策

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220391

薛雪^{1, 2,},
毛宇鹏^{1, 3},
张洪^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学院生态环境研究中心，环境水质学国家重点实验室
2.
中国科学院大学
3.
生态环境部华南环境科学研究所

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0801301）

详细信息

作者简介:
薛雪(1997—)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为沉积物-水界面污染物扩散通量，xuexue_st@rcees.ac.cn

通讯作者:
张洪(1980—)，男，研究员，博士，研究方向为流域物质循环与调控，hongzhang@rcees.ac.cn

中图分类号: X82, X52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-26

Transport fluxes of nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium and arsenic at farmland plot scale in the typical areas of Pearl River Delta region

XUE Xue^{1, 2
,},
MAO Yupeng^{1, 3},
ZHANG Hong^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
3.
South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment

摘要

摘要:
区域氮、磷、镉、砷输移变化是影响农业生产、导致农田面源污染的主要因素。基于土壤表观平衡模型，以珠三角流域佛山市农业科学研究所试验农田为典型研究区域，构建农田小区尺度土壤表观氮、磷、镉、砷平衡模型，对4种元素在土壤中输移结构和平衡进行分析。结果表明：研究区域4种元素的主要输入途径是施肥，而输出的主要形式各有不同。其中，氮、磷主要输出形式是作物富集输出，输出占比分别为57.5%和39.0%；镉、砷主要输出形式分别是地表径流和作物富集输出，输出占比分别为66.7%和10.7%。研究区域4种元素均出现了不同程度土壤富集现象，农田小区尺度氮、磷平衡处于盈余状态，而镉、砷平衡处于亏损状态，4种元素的平衡强度分别为37.40、8.88、−1.35和−20.50 kg/(hm²·a)，仅氮、磷未超过当地土壤环境安全阈值。分析试验农田中5类蔬菜各部位镉、砷富集情况发现，砷的富集系数均达到70.0%以上，而镉的富集只在辣椒叶中较为突出，富集系数达到57.5%。研究显示，应重视肥料输入的有效利用，加强农田灌溉水、农作物和地表径流中重金属的监测，以保障区域粮食安全和水环境安全。
- 土壤表观平衡 /
- 农田小区尺度 /
- 氮；磷 /
- 镉；砷 /
- 流域元素输移变化
Abstract:
The transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium and arsenic is the main factor affecting agricultural production as well as a significant non-point source of pollution of farmland. Taking the experimental farmland of the Foshan Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (FIAST) in the Pearl River Delta as a typical research area, and based on the soil apparent balance model, a soil apparent balance model of nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium and arsenic was constructed at the farmland plot scale, to analyze the transport structure and balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium and arsenic in the soil. The results showed that fertilization was the main input of the four elements in the study area, but the main outputs were different. The main output of nitrogen and phosphorus was crop enrichment, accounting for 57.5% and 39.0%, respectively, whilst the main outputs of cadmium and arsenic were surface runoff and crop enrichment, accounting for 66.7% and 10.7%, respectively. The enrichment was observed for all four elements in the study area to different degrees. On the plot scale, the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus was in surplus, while cadmium and arsenic were in deficit, with their intensity being 37.40, 8.88, −1.35 and −20.50 kg/(hm²·a), respectively. Nitrogen and phosphorus were within the local soil environmental safety thresholds. The analysis of cadmium and arsenic enrichment in five types of vegetables showed that the enrichment coefficient of arsenic was greater than 70.0% in all the types of vegetables, while the enrichment of cadmium was only found in pepper leaves, with a coefficient of 57.5%. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the effective utilization of fertilizer input and the monitoring of heavy metals in irrigation water, crops and surface runoff to ensure regional food security and water quality.
- soil surface budget /
- farmland plot scale /
- nitrogen; phosphorus /
- cadmium; arsenic /
- changes in watershed element transport

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图 1 研究区分区及采样点设置

Figure 1. Partitioning and sampling point setting of the study area

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图 2 农田土壤表观氮、磷、镉、砷平衡计算框架

Figure 2. Framework for calculating the balance of apparent nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium and arsenic in farmland soil

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图 3 5类蔬菜不同部位对镉、砷的富集系数

注：白色填充为砷；灰色填充为镉。

Figure 3. Enrichment coefficients of cadmium and arsenic in different parts of five kinds of vegetables

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 农田土壤表观氮、磷、镉、砷输移结构信息

Table 1. Information on the apparent transport structure of nitrogen, phosphorus, cadmium and arsenic in farmland soil

	项目		浓度/(mg/kg)				年输入或输出量/(kg/a)
	项目		氮	磷	镉	砷	氮	磷	镉	砷
输入	肥料	复合肥	15^1）	15^1）	0.80	4.70	7416	3257	0.040 0	0.244
		钾肥	0	0	0.05	4.20	0	0	0.000 8	0.063
		尿素	48^1）	0	0	0	4406	0	0	0
		有机肥	3.90^1）	2.90^1）	2.40	5.90	195	85	0.012 0	0.040
		小计					12017	3342	0.053	0.347
	灌溉水		1.37²⁾	0.08²⁾	0.004²⁾	0.047²⁾	10	0.58	0.029	0.340
	大气沉降						741	9.50	0.014	0.034
输出	作物富集	稻秆	4 600	1 073	0.32	4.30	506	118	0.035	0.473
		稻米	6 048	1 605	0.23	0.19	652	173	0.025	0.020
		蔬菜	1 626	363	0.83	2.55	381	85	0.058	0.179
		小计					1539	376	0.118	0.672
	地表径流	稻田	2.16	1.37	0.000 4	0.001	334	212	0.062	0.155
		旱地	3.50	1.36	0.003 0	0.005	287	111	0.245	0.410
		小计					621	323	0.307	0.565
	土壤富集	0~20 cm	1 836	1 045	0.14	0.60	182	103.10	0.014	1.700
		20~40 cm	1 720	864	0.11	0.65	170	85.30	0.011	1.680
		40~60 cm	1 684	766	0.10	0.68	166	75.70	0.010	1.670
		小计					518	264.10	0.035	5.050
平衡							10 090	2 389	−0.364	−5.566
1）单位为%；2）单位为mg/L。

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表 2 农田小区尺度土壤表观氮、磷、镉、砷平衡强度

Table 2. Soil apparent balance intensities of N, P, Cd and As at farmland plot scale kg/(hm²·a)　

项目		氮强度	磷强度	镉强度	砷强度
输入	肥料	44.50	12.40	0.20	1.38
	灌溉水	0.04	0.002	0.11	1.26
	大气沉降	2.74	0.04	0.05	0.13
	合计	47.30	12.40	0.36	2.77
输出	作物富集	5.70	1.39	0.44	2.49
	地表径流	2.30	1.19	1.14	2.09
	土壤富集	1.92	0.98	0.13	18.70
	合计	9.92	3.56	1.71	23.30
平衡		37.40	8.88	−1.35	−20.50

下载: 导出CSV

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