基于铅稳定同位素的骆马湖沉积物重金属铅来源解析

张家根; 夏建东; 陈书琴; 武宇圣; 庞燕; 黄天寅

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220454

基于铅稳定同位素的骆马湖沉积物重金属铅来源解析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220454

张家根^{1, 2, 3,},
夏建东^{2, 3},
陈书琴⁴,
武宇圣^{1, 2, 3},
庞燕^{2, 3, ,},
黄天寅¹

1.
苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院
2.
湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
3.
国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
4.
安庆师范大学资源环境学院

基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07301-006-06)

详细信息

作者简介:
张家根(1998—)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事湖泊水污染控制研究，1011559275@qq.com

通讯作者:
庞燕(1970—)，女，研究员，主要从事湖泊水污染控制及生态修复研究，190068749@qq.com

中图分类号: X524
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-11

Source analysis of heavy metal lead in Luoma Lake sediments based on Pb stable isotopes

ZHANG Jiagen^{1, 2, 3
,},
XIA Jiandong^{2, 3},
CHEN Shuqin⁴,
WU Yusheng^{1, 2, 3},
PANG Yan^{2, 3
, ,},
HUANG Tianyin¹

1.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology
2.
National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
3.
National Key Laboratory of Lake Pollution Control of Environmental Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
4.
College of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University

摘要

摘要:
骆马湖作为南水北调东线工程重要的调蓄湖泊和水源地，其水环境安全对于江苏北部乃至南水北调东线工程的影响深远。通过对骆马湖湖区及入湖河段表层沉积物、湖周地区环境中潜在污染源土壤的Pb浓度和Pb同位素组成进行分析，评估Pb的空间分布；利用富集系数法进行Pb生态风险评价，结合二元线性混合模型进行湖区表层沉积物Pb来源解析，并计算各污染源的相对贡献率。结果表明：骆马湖表层沉积物中Pb浓度为8.09~27.97 mg/kg，平均值为20.94 mg/kg，Pb污染程度为清洁~轻度富集，表层沉积物Pb污染主要集中在东部和北部湖区；表层沉积物Pb同位素中²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb与²⁰⁸Pb/(²⁰⁶Pb+²⁰⁷Pb)（丰度之比）分别为1.170~1.249和1.125~1.131，Pb污染主要来源于老沂河和以渔业养殖为主的农业污染的直接排放，农业源的相对贡献率为46.71%。为防控骆马湖水环境中Pb的污染风险，需加强对渔业养殖的规范化管理和入湖河流的污染管控。
- 铅同位素 /
- 骆马湖 /
- 沉积物 /
- 重金属 /
- 源解析
Abstract:
As an important storage lake and water source of the east route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, Luoma Lake's water environment safety has a far-reaching impact on northern Jiangsu and even the east route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. By analyzing the Pb content and Pb isotopic composition of the surface sediments of Luoma Lake and rivers into the lake, and the soil of potential pollution sources in the surrounding areas, the spatial distribution of lead was evaluated. The ecological risk assessment of heavy metal Pb was carried out by using the enrichment coefficient method, and the binary linear mixed model was applied to analyze the polluting sources and calculate the relative contribution rate of each source. The results showed that the content of Pb in surface sediments of Luoma Lake ranged from 8.09 to 27.97 mg/kg, with an average of 20.94 mg/kg, and Pb in surface sediments of Luoma Lake showed a clean-slight pollution level. Spatial analysis showed that Pb pollution of surface sediments in Luoma Lake was mainly concentrated in the eastern and northern lakes. The values of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/(²⁰⁶Pb+²⁰⁷Pb) (the ratios of abundance) in the surface sediments of Luoma Lake were 1.170-1.249 and 1.125-1.131, respectively, and the Pb pollution mainly came from the Laoyi River and the direct discharge of agricultural pollution from fishery farming. The relative contribution rate of agricultural sources was 46.71%. In order to prevent and control the pollution risk of Pb in Luoma Lake water environment, it was necessary to strengthen the standardized management of fishery culture and the pollution control of rivers entering the lake.
- lead isotope /
- Luoma Lake /
- sediment /
- heavy metals /
- source analysis

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图 1 骆马湖水系

Figure 1. Water system map of Luoma Lake

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图 2 骆马湖表层沉积物采样点分布

Figure 2. Distribution of surface sediment sampling sites in Luoma Lake

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图 3 骆马湖表层沉积物Pb浓度及EF

Figure 3. Pb content and enrichment coefficient in surface sediments of Luoma Lake

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图 4 骆马湖表层沉积物中Pb浓度空间分布

Figure 4. Spatial distribution of Pb concentration in surface sediments of Luoma Lake

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图 5 骆马湖表层沉积物与湖周潜在污染源土壤中Pb同位素组成对比

Figure 5. Comparison of Pb isotopic composition between surface sediments and peri-lacustrine potential pollution source soils in Luoma Lake

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图 6 骆马湖表层沉积物各采样点Q型聚类分析等级树形

Figure 6. Q-type cluster analysis hierarchical tree of surface sediment sampling sitets of Luoma Lake

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图 7 骆马湖各采样点表层沉积物中Pb主要污染源贡献率

Figure 7. Contribution rate of Pb main pollution sources in surface sediment of each sampling site in Luoma Lake

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表 1 骆马湖与国内其他湖泊表层沉积物中Pb浓度比较

Table 1. Comparison of Pb content in surface sediments of Luoma Lake and other lakes in China

湖泊	年份	样本数	Pb浓度/(mg/kg)	文献来源
骆马湖	2018	30	20.94(8.09~27.97)	本研究
洪泽湖	2013	10	18.82(12.25~26.54)	[34]
南四湖	2005	30	20.05(16.42~22.76)	[35]
高邮湖	2012	5	24.87(22.06~29.53)	[36]
东平湖	2013	44	22.40(15.90~32.60)	[37]
太湖	2011	40	36.60(25.60~45.60)	[38]
洞庭湖	2013	60	60.99(9.89~180.56)	[39]
巢湖	2011	27	49.80(19.05~89.25)	[40]
鄱阳湖	2014	38	72.58(47.0~109.25)	[41]
青海湖	2020	22	18.06(5.23~28.83)	[42]

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表 2 骆马湖湖周潜在污染源土壤中Pb同位素组成

Table 2. Pb isotopic composition in soil of potential pollution sources in peri-lacustrine areas of Luoma Lake

污染源类别		²⁰⁸Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²⁰⁷Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/ (²⁰⁷Pb+ ²⁰⁶Pb)
农业源	畜禽1	38.773	15.628	18.566	2.088	1.188	1.134
	畜禽2	38.676	15.646	18.582	2.081	1.188	1.130
	渔业1	39.235	15.734	19.196	2.044	1.220	1.123
	渔业2	39.239	15.734	19.200	2.044	1.220	1.123
	渔业3	39.869	15.791	19.643	2.030	1.244	1.125
	渔业4	39.741	15.794	19.652	2.022	1.244	1.121
	渔业5	38.779	15.638	18.619	2.083	1.191	1.132
	种植1	39.043	15.690	18.893	2.066	1.204	1.129
	种植2	39.044	15.690	18.893	2.067	1.204	1.129
	平均值	39.155	15.705	19.027	2.058	1.211	1.127
工业源	工厂1	38.519	15.629	18.410	2.092	1.178	1.132
	工厂2	38.396	15.628	18.310	2.097	1.172	1.131
	工厂3	38.641	15.651	18.563	2.082	1.186	1.129
	工厂4	38.501	15.637	18.350	2.098	1.174	1.133
	平均值	38.514	15.636	18.408	2.092	1.178	1.131
交通源	公路1	38.491	15.628	18.286	2.105	1.170	1.135
	公路2	38.357	15.610	18.207	2.107	1.166	1.134
	公路3	38.426	15.618	18.281	2.102	1.171	1.134
	公路4	38.363	15.609	18.266	2.100	1.170	1.132
	平均值	38.409	15.616	18.260	2.104	1.169	1.134
生活源	生活1	38.494	15.644	18.506	2.080	1.183	1.127
	生活2	38.665	15.646	18.584	2.081	1.193	1.130
	生活3	38.889	15.624	18.513	2.101	1.185	1.139
	生活4	38.746	15.630	18.558	2.088	1.187	1.133
	平均值	38.699	15.636	18.540	2.088	1.187	1.132
其他源	水源地1	38.192	15.599	18.072	2.113	1.159	1.134
	水源地2	38.315	15.611	18.215	2.103	1.167	1.133
	公园	38.252	15.578	18.026	2.122	1.157	1.138
	平均值	38.253	15.596	18.104	2.113	1.161	1.135
骆马湖深层底泥		39.937	15.796	19.683	2.029	1.246	1.126

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表 3 骆马湖表层沉积物中Pb同位素组成

Table 3. Pb isotopic composition in surface sediments of Luoma Lake

采样点	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²⁰⁷Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/ （²⁰⁷Pb+²⁰⁶Pb）
1	18.933	15.738	39.208	2.054	1.221	1.127
2	19.549	15.768	39.407	2.059	1.228	1.128
3	18.924	15.662	39.232	2.043	1.205	1.126
4	18.929	15.663	39.234	2.043	1.206	1.126
5	19.234	15.746	39.403	2.057	1.226	1.128
6	19.129	15.699	39.367	2.054	1.222	1.127
7	19.182	15.770	39.352	2.053	1.220	1.127
8	19.319	15.714	39.375	2.055	1.223	1.128
9	19.108	15.674	39.332	2.051	1.217	1.127
10	19.405	15.758	39.395	2.057	1.225	1.128
11	19.551	15.791	39.424	2.059	1.228	1.128
12	18.966	15.708	39.361	2.054	1.221	1.127
13	19.095	15.769	39.424	2.059	1.228	1.128
14	19.260	15.684	39.359	2.054	1.221	1.127
15	19.420	15.736	39.398	2.057	1.225	1.128
16	19.337	15.704	39.341	2.052	1.218	1.127
17	18.832	15.696	39.311	2.050	1.215	1.127
18	18.976	15.749	39.407	2.058	1.226	1.128
19	19.199	15.673	39.341	2.052	1.219	1.127
20	19.014	15.670	39.274	2.047	1.210	1.126
21	19.197	15.775	39.415	2.058	1.227	1.128
22	19.607	15.792	39.513	2.060	1.230	1.131
23	18.773	15.663	39.177	2.040	1.201	1.125
24	19.653	15.793	39.561	2.061	1.231	1.131
25	19.429	15.771	39.400	2.057	1.226	1.128
26	19.739	15.804	39.997	2.074	1.249	1.131
27	18.727	15.662	38.839	2.026	1.196	1.125
28	18.802	15.663	39.157	2.037	1.196	1.126
29	18.859	15.663	39.223	2.037	1.197	1.126
30	18.916	15.745	39.419	2.060	1.217	1.129
最大值	19.739	15.804	39.997	2.074	1.249	1.131
最小值	18.727	15.662	38.839	2.026	1.196	1.125
平均值	19.169	15.724	39.355	2.053	1.219	1.128
变异系数/%	1.456	0.304	0.446	0.447	0.952	0.136

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表 4 骆马湖表层沉积物中Pb同位素组成

Table 4. Pb isotopic composition in surface sediments of Luoma Lake

区域	数值类别	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb	²⁰⁶Pb/ ²⁰⁷Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/ (²⁰⁷Pb+²⁰⁶Pb)
湖区（n=30）	最大值	19.739	15.804	39.997	2.074	1.249	1.131
	最小值	18.727	15.662	38.839	2.026	1.196	1.125
	均值	19.169	15.724	39.355	2.053	1.219	1.128
沂河（n=3）	最大值	18.972	15.696	39.182	2.105	1.209	1.135
	最小值	18.286	15.628	38.491	2.065	1.170	1.127
	均值	18.681	15.666	38.831	2.079	1.192	1.131
老沂河（n=3）	最大值	19.146	15.721	39.201	2.064	1.218	1.127
	最小值	18.876	15.679	38.961	2.047	1.204	1.124
	均值	19.011	15.700	39.081	2.056	1.211	1.126
中运河（n=3）	最大值	18.920	15.690	39.103	2.067	1.206	1.130
	最小值	18.887	15.678	38.980	2.064	1.205	1.128
	均值	18.904	15.684	39.042	2.065	1.205	1.129

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表 5 骆马湖表层沉积物中Pb同位素组成与Pb浓度的相关性分析

Table 5. Correlation analysis of Pb isotopic composition and Pb content in surface sediments of Luoma Lake

Pb同位素组成	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb	²⁰⁸Pb/（²⁰⁷Pb+²⁰⁶Pb）	Pb
²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	1
²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	0.746^**	1
²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb	0.761^**	0.714^**	1
²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	0.763^**	0.824^**	0.909^**	1
²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb	0.821^**	0.849^**	0.875^**	0.963^**	1
²⁰⁸Pb/（²⁰⁷Pb+²⁰⁶Pb）	0.791^**	0.837^**	0.847^**	0.849^**	0.842^**	1
Pb	0.758^**	0.883^**	0.824^**	0.965^**	0.925^**	0.876^**	1
注：*表示在0.01水平（双侧）上显著相关；表示在0.05水平（双侧）上显著相关。

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