甘肃省生态脆弱性与经济综合水平耦合协调度空间格局及影响因素

王毅; 武江民; 苗含笑; 高燕

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220543

甘肃省生态脆弱性与经济综合水平耦合协调度空间格局及影响因素

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220543

西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42071216）；甘肃省自然科学基金项目（21JR7RA145）

详细信息

作者简介:
王毅（1997—)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事资源与环境GIS方向的研究，398289288@qq.com

通讯作者:
武江民（1976—），男，副教授，主要从事地图学与GIS、国土资源与地名信息化研究，281707154@qq.com

中图分类号: X171
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-01

Spatial pattern and influencing factors of coupling coordination degree between ecological vulnerability and comprehensive economic level in Gansu Province

School of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University

摘要

摘要:
为探究我国西北地区生态脆弱程度与经济综合水平之间的关系，以甘肃省为例，通过驱动力—压力—状态—影响—响应（DPSIR）模型构建生态脆弱性评价指标体系，从社会、经济2个方面构建经济综合水平评价指标体系，探讨甘肃省生态脆弱性与经济综合水平的耦合协调度差异类型空间分布，并探究其影响因素。结果表明：1）甘肃省生态脆弱性中度脆弱及以上的县区面积占比为78.8%，生态系统整体较为脆弱；甘肃省经济综合水平处于中等及以下的县区面积占比为41.1%，整体经济综合水平较低。2）甘肃省生态环境与经济协调程度较差，仅有9.2%的县区经济与生态环境协调发展，面积占比为4.4%，而经济与生态环境失调发展的县区比例为48.3%，面积占比高达73.9%。甘肃省生态脆弱性与经济综合水平耦合协调度差异类型具有显著的空间分布特征，其中，失调环境滞后型集聚性最强，集中于气候干燥、水土流失严重的甘肃省北部。3）人口增长压力、自然环境限制以及居民生活水平落后是甘肃省生态环境与经济协调发展的重大阻碍。基于此，甘肃省未来应坚持可持续协调发展理念，加大生态环境保护和治理力度，因地制宜发展绿色经济。
- 生态脆弱性 /
- DPSIR模型 /
- 地理探测器 /
- 经济综合水平 /
- 耦合协调度 /
- 甘肃省
Abstract:
To explore the relationship between ecological fragility and comprehensive economic level in northwest China, the evaluation system of ecological vulnerability indicators in Gansu Province was constructed through Driving-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model, and the evaluation system of comprehensive economic level indicators in Gansu Province was constructed from the social and economic aspects. The spatial distribution of different types of coupling coordination degree between ecological vulnerability and comprehensive economic level in Gansu Province was studied, and its influencing factors were explored. The results showed that: 1) The area of counties and districts with moderate or higher ecological vulnerability in Gansu Province accounted for 78.8%, and the ecosystem as a whole was relatively fragile; the area of counties and districts with medium or lower comprehensive economic level in Gansu Province accounted for 41.1%, and the overall comprehensive economic level was low. 2) The ecological environment and economy in Gansu Province were poorly coordinated. Only 9.2% of the counties and districts had coordinated economic and ecological development, accounting for 4.4% of the total area. The proportion of counties and districts with unbalanced economic and ecological development was 48.3%, accounting for 73.9% of the total area. The spatial distribution characteristics of each type were significantly different, among which the concentration of the imbalanced environment-lag type was the strongest, concentrated in the north of Gansu Province, where the climate was dry and the water and soil loss was serious. 3) The pressure of population growth, the restriction of natural environment and the backward living standard of residents were major obstacles to the coordinated development of ecology and economy in Gansu Province. Based on this, Gansu Province should adhere to the concept of sustainable and coordinated development, strengthen the protection and governance of ecological environment, and develop green economy according to local conditions, so as to realize the coordinated and high-quality development of regional ecological environment and economy as soon as possible.
- ecological vulnerability /
- driving-pressure-state-impact-response(DPSIR) model /
- geodetectors /
- comprehensive economic level /
- coupling coordination degree /
- Gansu Province

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图 1 研究区行政区划与高程

Figure 1. Administrative division and elevation of the study area

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图 2 甘肃省生态脆弱性评价结果

Figure 2. Ecological vulnerability assessment results of Gansu Province

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图 3 甘肃省经济综合水平评价结果

Figure 3. Evaluation results of comprehensive economic level of Gansu Province

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 甘肃省耦合协调度差异类型空间分布

Figure 4. Spatial distribution of different types of coupling coordination degree in Gansu Province

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 生态脆弱性评价指标体系

Table 1. Evaluation indicator system of ecological vulnerability

目标层	准则层	要素层	指标层
生态脆弱性	驱动力（D）	气象因子	年均降水量
		气象因子	年均气温
		地形因子	海拔高度
	压力（P）	自然压力	人均耕地面积
		人为压力	人口密度
			农村用电量
			化肥使用折纯量
	状态（S）	自然环境状态	生物丰度指数
	状态（S）	自然环境状态	河网密度
	影响（I）	影响	植被覆盖率
	影响（I）	影响	灌溉能力（有效灌溉面积）
	响应（R）	人文响应	人工造林面积
		人文响应	第三产业占比
		社会经济响应	人口自然增长率

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表 2 经济综合水平评价指标体系

Table 2. Comprehensive economic level evaluation indicator system

目标层	框架层	准则层	指标层
经济综合水平	社会发展	教育医疗	中小学专任教师数量
			学龄儿童入学率
			每万人床位数
		农村人口从业状况	乡村人口从业比例
		农业机械化水平	农业机械总动力
		资源拥有状况	人均粮食占有量
		城镇化水平	城镇化率
	经济发展	经济水平	GDP增长率
			人均GDP
			农林牧渔业产值占比
		居民生活	城镇居民人均可支配收入
			农村居民人均可支配收入
			年末金融机构人均存款余额
			农村居民人均消费支出

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表 3 生态环境与经济综合水平耦合协调度分类和判别标准

Table 3. Classification and criteria for determining the coupling coordination degree between ecological environment and comprehensive economic level

耦合协调类型	协调发展区间	分类依据	耦合协调度差异类型
协调发展	0.6≤ D≤1.0	0≤\|EVI–M\|≤0.1	协调同步型
		EVI–M>0.1	协调经济滞后型
		M–EVI>0.1	协调环境滞后型
勉强协调发展	0.5≤D<0.6	0≤\|EVI–M\|≤0.1	协调同步型
		EVI–M>0.1	协调经济滞后型
		M–EVI>0.1	协调环境滞后型
濒临衰退失调	0.4≤D <0.5	0≤\|EVI–M\|≤0.1	失调共损型
		EVI–M＞0.1	失调经济滞后型
		M–EVI>0.1	失调环境滞后型
衰退失调	0≤D<0.4	0≤\|EVI–M\|≤0.1	失调共损型
		EVI–M>0.1	失调经济滞后型
		M–EVI>0.1	失调环境滞后型

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表 4 各指标对甘肃省生态与经济耦合协调度的解释力程度

Table 4. Explanatory power of various indexes on the coupling coordination degree of ecological environment and economy in Gansu Province

指标	解释力（Q_XY）	指标	解释力（Q_XY）
人口自然增长率	0.30	生物丰度	0.21
海拔高度	0.29	植被覆盖率	0.20
人均GDP	0.26

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