Development of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) index system for high-pollution and energy-intensive industrial park planning
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摘要:
为建立一套科学、合理、行之有效的产业园区规划环评指标体系,在国内外相关研究的基础上,结合规划环评目标和产业园区特点,探讨了“两高”(高耗能、高排放)园区规划环评指标体系设置原则、基本程序和基本方法。以某“两高”园区为例,在考虑区域资源环境制约因素、分析规划实施环境影响的基础上,利用核查表法、专家咨询、ArcGIS矢量叠加、情景分析、压力-状态-响应分析等技术方法,在环境质量、生态保护、资源利用、污染排放、风险防控、碳排放、集中治理、环境管理等方面提出了一套适合于“两高”园区规划环评的指标体系,通过指标体系的确定,从生态环境角度对规划的产业定位、规模、布局及污染防治措施等进行优化调整,可以指导产业园区绿色高质量发展,同时对其他产业园区开展规划环评也具有一定的借鉴意义。
Abstract:In order to develop a scientific, legitimate and effective environmental impact assessment (EIA) index system for industrial park planning, the establishment principles, basic procedures and methods of the EIA index system for high-pollution and energy-intensive industrial park planning were discussed based on relevant domestic and international researches, in combination with EIA objectives and the characteristics of the industrial park. One high-pollution and energy-intensive industrial park was taken as an example. On the basis of considering the constraining factors of regional resources and environment and analyzing the environmental impacts of the planning implementation, by using the methods of checklists, expert consultation, ArcGIS vector overlay, scenario analysis and pressure-state-response analysis, a set of EIA index system suitable for high-pollution and energy-intensive industrial park planning was proposed from the aspects of environmental quality, ecological protection, resource utilization, pollution discharge, risk prevention and control, carbon emissions, centralized governance, and environmental management. Through the determination of the indicator system, the industrial orientation, scale, layout and pollution prevention measures of the planning were optimized and adjusted from the perspective of the ecological environment, which could guide the green and high-quality development of industrial parks. Also, it had specific reference significance for other industrial parks to carry out planning environmental impact assessment.
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表 1 规划实施对资源环境影响核查
Table 1. Checklist for impacts of planning implementation on resources and environment
环境因素 产业
规模产业
布局开发
时序基础
设施环境质量 大气 −3L −1L −2L −1L 地表水 −2L −1L −1L −2L 地下水 −1L −1L −1L −1L 土壤 −1L −1L −1L −1L 生态环境与功能 生物多样性 0 0 0 0 周边生态系统 −1L −1L −1L −1L 环境风险 周边环境风险 −2L −1L −1L −1L 人群健康 人群健康风险 −2L −1L −1L −1L 自然资源 水 −1L −1L −1L −1L 土地 −1L −1L −1L −1L 能源 −3L −1L −2L −1L 社会经济环境 园区发展程度 +3L +1L +2L +1L 经济增速 +3L +1L +2L +2L 基础设施水平 +2L +1L +1L +1L 周边居民生活水平 +2L +2L +2L +2L 注:+表示有利影响,−表示不利影响;L表示长期影响;1、2、3分别表示影响程度为轻微、中等、较大,0表示无显著影响。 表 2 各情景设置基本内容
Table 2. Basic contents of different scenario settings
情景 电解铝/(万t/a) 铝用碳素/(万t/a) 其他 规划情景 100 35 再生铝、铝材深加工及其他产业不变 优化情景1 75 0 优化情景2 61.5 0 表 3 各情景下污染物排放压力与状态指标的响应情况
Table 3. Analysis of pressure-state-response (PSR) of air pollutant emissions indicators under different scenarios
项目 情景 二氧化硫 氮氧化物 颗粒物 挥发性
有机物P1(污染物排放
压力)/(t/a)规划情景 1 739.63 1 204.18 841.64 49.90 优化情景1 704.21 329.68 480.14 49.90 优化情景2 538.50 329.68 420.43 49.90 P2(污染物减
排量)/(t/a)减排量/ 2149.78 525.44 496.01 62.08 ΔP(污染物
增量)/(t/a)规划情景 −410.15 +678.74 +345.63 −12.18 优化情景1 −1445.57 −195.76 −15.87 −12.18 优化情景2 −1611.28 −195.76 −75.58 −12.18 是否响应 规划情景 √ × × √ 优化情景1 √ √ √ √ 优化情景2 √ √ √ √ 表 4 各情景下环境质量改善压力与状态指标的响应情况
Table 4. Analysis of pressure-state-response (PSR) of ambient air quality indicators under different scenarios
项目 情景 SO2 NO2 PM10 PM2.5 Q1(新增排放环境质量
贡献值)/(μg/m3)优化情景1 2.10 1.22 4.69 3.35 优化情景2 1.72 1.22 3.94 2.79 Q2(减排量环境质量
贡献值)/(μg/m3)减排 10.25 5.20 5.19 2.96 ΔQ(环境质量年均浓度
变化)/(μg/m3)优化情景1 −8.15 −3.98 −0.50 +0.39 优化情景2 −8.53 −3.98 −1.25 −0.17 状态相应条件 ΔQj<0 是否响应 优化情景1 √ √ √ × 优化情景2 √ √ √ √ 表 5 某“两高”园区规划环评指标体系
Table 5. EIA index system for planning of a high-pollution and energy-intensive industrial park
类别 具体指标 现状(2020年) 近期(2025年) 中期(2030年) 远期(2035年) 环境质量 PM2.5年均浓度/(μg/m3) 25 25 25 25 SO2年均浓度/(μg /m3) 10 逐年改善 逐年改善 逐年改善 NO2年均浓度/(μg /m3) 30 逐年改善 逐年改善 逐年改善 PM10年均浓度/(μg /m3) 44 逐年改善 逐年改善 逐年改善 嘉陵江国控断面水质 Ⅱ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅱ类 地下水水质 Ⅲ类 Ⅲ类 Ⅲ类 Ⅲ类 土壤环境质量 达标 达标 达标 达标 资源利用 单位电解铝直流电耗/(kW·h/t) 13 250 13 000 持续下降 持续下降 万元GDP能耗/(t/万元)(以标煤计) 0.197 0.167(比2020年降低15%) 持续下降 持续下降 煤炭消费量/(t/a) 1 800 0 0 0 碳排放 电解铝“水电”比例/% 100 100 100 100 单位工业增加值二氧化碳排放量
下降比例/%0.25 0.205(比2020年降低18%) 完成国家下达
目标任务完成国家下达
目标任务生态空间保护 生态红线 不占用 面积不占用、性质不转变、功能不降低 生态空间 不占用 面积不占用、性质不转变、功能不降低 基本农田 不开发 不开发 不开发 不开发 城镇开发边界 符合 符合 符合 (续表5) 类别 具体指标 现状
(2020年)近期
(2025年)中期
(2030年)远期
(2035年)污染防治 工业废水集中处理率/% 100 100 100 100 污水达标排放率/% 100 100 100 100 废气达标排放率/% 100 100 100 100 工业固体废物处理处置率/% 100 100 100 100 危险废物处理处置率/% 100 100 100 100 污泥无害化处理处置率/% 100 100 100 100 土壤污染修复率/% 100 100 100 二氧化硫排放量/(t/a) 2 719.12 1 079.17 1 100.45 1 107.84 氮氧化物排放量/(t/a) 484.50 122.39 233.98 278.29 颗粒物/(t/a) 671.63 529.94 590.14 596.05 挥发性有机物/(t/a) 110.55 59.20 78.22 98.37 化学需氧量/(t/a) 36.95 166.64 427.41 537.21 氨氮/(t/a) 3.68 16.65 42.73 53.71 风险防控 环境风险防控体系建设完善度/% 70 100 100 100 开发区突发环境事件应急预案编制和修编 不完善 符合规定 符合规定 符合规定 环境管理 环评执行率/% 97 100 100 100 “三同时”执行率/% 75 100 100 100 排污许可证执行率/% 95 100 100 100 -
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