我国环境影响评价制度实践与展望

杨轶婷; 徐鹤

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220575

我国环境影响评价制度实践与展望—环评法20周年回顾

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220575

杨轶婷^1,,
徐鹤^{1, 2, ,}

1.
南开大学环境科学与工程学院
2.
南开大学生态文明研究院

详细信息

作者简介:
杨轶婷（1996—），女，博士研究生，研究方向为环境影响评价与环境规划，Chrisyiting@outlook.com

通讯作者:
徐鹤（1971—），男，教授，博士，研究方向为战略环境评价，seacenter@nankai.edu.cn

中图分类号: X32
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- 文章访问数: 1416
- HTML全文浏览量: 476
- PDF下载量: 156
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-14

Research on the practice and future development of China's environmental impact assessment system: a review of the 20th anniversary of EIA Law

YANG Yiting^1
,,
XU He^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University
2.
Research Institute of Ecological Civilization, Nankai University

摘要

摘要:
环境影响评价（简称环评）制度具有从源头防止环境污染和生态破坏的重要作用，是环境保护参与综合决策的重要途径。2003年《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》（简称环评法）的实施确立了环评这一环境管理制度的法律地位，是我国环评制度发展的里程碑。在环评法实施的20年间，从项目环评到规划环评，再到大区域战略环评与政策环评，我国环评制度实现了飞跃性发展。基于环评制度的研究与实践进展识别现存不足，可为我国下阶段环评制度发展提供参考。本文首先回顾环评制度体系发展，其次基于文献计量与可视化分析的方法，对环评法实施20年来我国环评制度研究进展进行总结与热点分析，结合分析结果梳理总结我国环评制度实践进展。建议未来从深入环评与排污许可制度衔接、加强事中事后监管、提高规划环评地位、加强政策环评发展和提高公众参与有效性等方面，进一步提高我国环评制度实施的有效性，助力我国生态环境质量持续改善和经济高质量发展。
- 环境影响评价 /
- 环评法 /
- 规划环评 /
- 战略环评 /
- 改革
Abstract:
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) system plays an important role in preventing environmental pollution and ecological damage from the source and is an important way for environmental protection to participate in comprehensive decision-making. The implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China in 2003 established the legal status of EIA as an environmental management system, which is a milestone in the development of China's EIA system. In the twenty years since the EIA Law was implemented, China's EIA system has achieved rapid development from project EIA to planning EIA, and then to large regional strategic EIA and policy EIA. Based on the research and practice progress of the EIA system, the identification of the existing deficiencies is helpful to provide a reference for the development of China's EIA system in the next stage. Firstly, the development of the EIA system was reviewed, and then the research progress of China's EIA system in the past 20 years was summarized and hot spots analyzed based on the method of bibliometrics and visual analysis. Combined with the analysis results, the practice progress of China's EIA system was summarized. Finally, some suggestions were provided including strengthening the cohesion between the EIA system and the pollutant discharge permit system, strengthening the supervision in process and afterwards, improving the legal position of planning EIA, strengthening the development of policy EIA and improving the effectiveness of public participation, to further improve the effectiveness of China's EIA system, and achieve sustainable improvement of ecological environment quality and high-quality economic development.
- environmental impact assessment /
- environmental impact assessment law /
- planning environmental impact assessment /
- strategic environmental impact assessment /
- reform

HTML全文

图 1 2002年以来中央、地方发布的环境影响评价相关法律、法规、行政规章数量

Figure 1. Number of laws, regulations and administrative rules related to EIA issued by the central and local governments since 2002

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2003—2021年环境影响评价相关研究发文数量变化

Figure 2. Trend of the research papers number on EIA from 2003 to 2021

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2003—2021年CNKI检索条件-期刊-主题桑基图

Figure 3. Sankey diagram of CNKI search criteria-journal-topic between 2003 and 2021

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 近10年环评领域热点主题发文数量分布

Figure 4. Distribution of the research papers number of hot topic in the field of EIA in the past 10 years

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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