Abstract: The follow-up assessment system is an important part of the planning environmental impact assessment (EIA) system. Improving the follow-up assessment system is of great significance to establishing a sound prevention system with the EIA system as the main body. On the basis of analyzing the progress of China's planning EIA follow-up assessment system and practice, the problems of the current system were systematically sorted out, including unclear circumstances of initiation, unspecific procedures, and insufficient binding forces. Countermeasures and suggestions were proposed in terms of initiating follow-up assessment according to the requirements of review opinions, guaranteeing the right to information and suggestion of ecology and environmental departments, and strengthening the legal consequences of violating the obligation of follow-up assessment system, so as to provide a reference for the revision of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China.