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乾务水库表层沉积物氮磷和重金属时空分布特征与生态风险评价

王恩瑞 杨光 昌盛 张坤锋 樊月婷 王山军 付青

王恩瑞,杨光,昌盛,等.乾务水库表层沉积物氮磷和重金属时空分布特征与生态风险评价[J].环境工程技术学报,2023,13(3):1039-1049 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220636
引用本文: 王恩瑞,杨光,昌盛,等.乾务水库表层沉积物氮磷和重金属时空分布特征与生态风险评价[J].环境工程技术学报,2023,13(3):1039-1049 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220636
WANG E R,YANG G,CHANG S,et al.Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in the surface sediments of Qianwu Reservoir[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2023,13(3):1039-1049 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220636
Citation: WANG E R,YANG G,CHANG S,et al.Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in the surface sediments of Qianwu Reservoir[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2023,13(3):1039-1049 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220636

乾务水库表层沉积物氮磷和重金属时空分布特征与生态风险评价

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220636
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200804-02);饮用水水源及重大工程项目区环境监管项目(2110302)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王恩瑞(1990—),女,工程师,硕士,主要从事饮用水水源地环境监测与风险评价,244864031@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    杨光(1989—),男,工程师,硕士,主要从事饮用水水源地安全保障研究,yangguang@craes.org.cn

    付青(1970—),女,研究员,博士,主要从事饮用水水源地保护与管理、流域水环境规划及保护区划分技术研究,fuqing@craes.org.cn

  • 中图分类号: X52

Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in the surface sediments of Qianwu Reservoir

  • 摘要:

    为了解乾务水库表层沉积物中的环境质量状况,于2019年丰、枯两季(8月和10月)对库区6个采样点的氮磷营养元素和8项重金属进行了监测,采用综合污染指数法、地累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数法开展生态风险评估和溯源分析。结果表明:乾务水库表层沉积物中TN和TP浓度在丰、枯水期的平均值分别为2 010和433、1 873和308 mg/kg,且总体呈现库中高、南北两端低的时空分布特征。综合污染指数评价结果表明,乾务水库整体TN为重度污染,TP为轻度污染。乾务水库表层沉积物中Hg、As、Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb的平均浓度分别为0.22、10.64、30.97、293.25、17.51、21.01、102.65和55.32 mg/kg。时空分布方面,除Mn和Zn外,其他重金属在丰水期污染相对枯水期较重;受水库地形和季节性调水影响,除Mn和Pb外,其他重金属浓度水平在丰水期均表现出库首至库中区域(Q3和Q4采样点)为高值区,库中至库尾区域(Q2和Q3)在枯水期则为高值区。地累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数法评价结果均表明,Hg为主要的生态风险贡献因子,贡献率达75.8 %,库区综合潜在生态风险等级总体为中风险。

     

  • 图  1  乾务水库沉积物采样点分布

    Figure  1.  Distribution of sediment sampling points in Qianwu Reservoir

    图  2  乾务水库不同水期TN、TP浓度分布

    Figure  2.  Distribution of TN and TP contents during different water periods in Qianwu Reservoir

    图  3  乾务水库不同水期沉积物中TN、TP空间分布

    Figure  3.  Spatial distribution of TN and TP in sediments of Qianwu Reservoir during different water periods

    图  4  乾务水库沉积物中各重金属不同水期空间分布

    Figure  4.  Spatial distribution of heavy metals in sediments of Qianwu Reservoir during different water periods

    图  5  沉积物中重金属不同水期地累积指数箱线图

    Figure  5.  Box plot for the geoaccumulation index of heavy metals in sediments at different water stages

    图  6  各采样点丰、枯水期平均潜在生态风险指数各重金属构成评价

    Figure  6.  Evaluation of composition of heavy metals in the average potential ecological risk index of each site in wet and dry seasons

    表  1  沉积物综合污染程度分级

    Table  1.   Classification of comprehensive pollution degree of sediments

    污染等级STNSTPFF污染程度
    1≤1.0≤0.5≤1.0清洁
    21.0~1.50.5~1.01.0~1.5轻度污染
    31.5~2.01.0~1.51.5~2.0中度污染
    4>2.0>1.5>2.0重度污染
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  广东省土壤重金属元素背景值及其对应毒性系数

    Table  2.   Background values of soil elements and corresponding toxicity coefficients of heavy metals in Guangdong Province

    重金属背景值/(mg/kg)毒性系数
    Hg0.07840
    As8.910
    Cr58.92
    Mn2791
    Ni14.45
    Cu175
    Zn47.31
    Pb365
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  沉积物地累积指数污染程度分级

    Table  3.   Pollution degree classification of sediment geoaccumulation index

    Igeo 污染等级 污染程度
    ≤0 0 清洁
    0~1 1 轻度污染
    1~2 2 偏中度污染
    2~3 3 中度污染
    3~4 4 偏重度污染
    4~5 5 重度污染
    >5 6 严重污染
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  单项及综合潜在生态风险评价指数与分级标准

    Table  4.   Individual and general indices and grades of potential ecological risk assessment

    Eri单项污染物生态风险程度RI综合潜在生态风险程度
    <40<150
    40~80中等150~300中等
    80~160较重300~600
    160~320≥600严重
    ≥320严重
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  乾务水库沉积物中TN、TP平均浓度与同类型水库相比

    Table  5.   Average contents of TN and TP in sediments of Qianwu Reservoir compared with the other similar reservoirs

    水库名称TN浓度/
    (mg/kg)
    TP浓度/
    (mg/kg)
    N/P数据来源
    乾务水库(广东,2019年)1 9423715.23:1本研究
    竹银水库(广东,2019年)8871286.93∶1文献[33]
    高州水库(广东,2010年)1 7246042.85∶1文献[34]
    于桥水库(天津,2016年)1 50019050.79∶1文献[35]
    周村水库(山东,2015年)2 70010662.53∶1文献[31]
    山美水库(福建,2015年)1 1806421.84∶1文献[36]
    双龙水库(云南,2012年)2 3903706.46∶1文献[37]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  乾务水库沉积物氮磷污染程度评价

    Table  6.   Average contents of TN and TP in sediments of Qianwu Reservoir

    采样点TN评价指数TP评价指数综合污染指数
    STN污染程度STP污染程度FF污染程度
    Q12.63重度0.66轻度2.20重度
    Q23.69重度0.93轻度3.08重度
    Q33.30重度0.93轻度2.77重度
    Q42.78重度0.86轻度2.35重度
    Q52.53重度0.91轻度2.16重度
    Q62.46重度0.76轻度2.08重度
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  国内饮用水水源功能水库沉积物中重金属浓度平均值

    Table  7.   Average values of heavy metals in sediments of drinking water source reservoirs in China mg/kg 

    水库名称AsCrMnNiCuZnPb数据来源
    乾务水库(广东,2019年)10.6430.97293.2517.5121.01102.6555.32本研究
    本研究区背景值8.958.927914.41747.336文献[19-20]
    丹江口水库(河南、湖北,2021年)24.2133.4166726.357.2197.129.85文献[38]
    岸堤水库(山东,2018年)5. 2782. 599. 4712. 15320. 9038. 69文献[39]
    跋山水库(山东,2018年)5. 3287. 987. 9322. 71287. 7836. 73文献[39]
    许家崖水库(山东,2018年)6. 0480.829. 8748. 36243. 8634. 72文献[39]
    阿哈水库(贵州,2017年)54.67580.525122.2575.025217.528.45文献[40]
    潘大水库(河北,2016年)10.2763.681185.1237.4256.74140.9741.58文献[14]
    清凉山水库(广东,2017年)28.7710.7817.8340.221.07文献[27]
      注:—表示文献中无相关数据。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  沉积物中各污染物相关性分析

    Table  8.   Correlation analysis of various pollutants in sediments

    污染物TNTPHgAsCrMnNiCuZnPb
    TN1
    TP0.6041
    Hg0.7640.7971
    As0.478 0.976**0.7311
    Cr0.490 0.934**0.757 0.962**1
    Mn0.0740.7990.462 0.902* 0.838*1
    Ni0.767 0.862*0.761 0.849* 0.898*0.5981
    Cu0.8040.7670.7930.729 0.837*0.427 0.963**1
    Zn0.7210.4900.6040.4960.6370.245 0.855* 0.906*1
    Pb−0.4680.098−0.1180.2480.3990.4620.1430.1480.1631
      注:**表示在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关,*表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9  乾务水库沉积物中各污染物主成分分析

    Table  9.   Analysis of main components of pollutants in sediments of Qianwu Reservoir

    污染物主成分1主成分2
    TN0.714−0.694
    TP0.9340.121
    Hg0.851−0.257
    As0.9240.283
    Cr0.9580.281
    Mn0.7030.628
    Ni0.973−0.097
    Cu0.931−0.210
    Zn0.764−0.288
    Pb0.1720.815
    合计7.9240.582
    特征值6.7971.917
    方差贡献率/%67.97119.169
    累积贡献率/%67.97187.140
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-06-21
  • 录用日期:  2022-10-13
  • 修回日期:  2022-08-16

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