低温环境汽油机颗粒捕集器再生间隔里程评估方法

付雨民; 钱立运; 许闯

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220654

低温环境汽油机颗粒捕集器再生间隔里程评估方法

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220654

1.
中国环境科学研究院
2.
中国质量认证中心

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFE0106800）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项（2022YSKY-05）

详细信息

作者简介:
付雨民（1977—），男，高级工程师，硕士，主要研究方向为发动机电控系统和在线诊断，fuym@vecc.org.cn

中图分类号: X513
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-24
- 录用日期: 2023-02-06
- 修回日期: 2023-02-03

Evaluation method of gasoline particulate filter regeneration interval mileage in a low-temperature environment

1.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
China Quality Certification Centre

摘要

摘要:
对汽油机颗粒捕集器（gasoline particulate filter，GPF）碳载量估算的温度修正方法，以及低温环境下的GPF再生间隔里程进行研究。利用发动机台架试验测量了GPF颗粒物再生反应速率，通过对数作图法拟合反应速率得到再生反应活化能，氧和颗粒物的反应活化能为81.6~91.4 kJ/mol，二氧化碳和颗粒物的反应活化能为159.2~218.9 kJ/mol。基于反应活化能计算了不同环境温度下颗粒物再生反应速率的修正系数；测量试验车低温冷启动阶段颗粒物累积速度，计算颗粒物排放的温度修正系数。以轻型车排放国六标准I型试验为基础，利用颗粒物再生反应速率和排放的温度修正系数对低温环境下GPF主动再生间隔里程进行了仿真。与寒区道路试验中获得的实际GPF颗粒物累积数据对比，仿真结果能较为准确地预测GPF在寒区不同工况下的颗粒物累积速度。试验和仿真结果均显示车辆低速行驶时GPF内颗粒物累积速度更易受低温环境影响。
- 汽油机颗粒捕集器 /
- 再生反应间隔里程 /
- 反应活化能
Abstract:
The gasoline particulate filter (GPF) regeneration interval mileage in a low-temperature environment was studied based on a temperature correction method for GPF soot load estimation.The GPF soot regeneration action rate was measured by the engine dyno test, and the activation energy of the regeneration reaction was obtained by the logarithm method and the line fitting method. It was shown that the activation energy of oxygen and soot was 81.6-91.4 kJ/mol, and that of carbon dioxide and soot was 159.2-218.9 kJ/mol. The activation energy was then used to calculate the correction coefficients for the soot regeneration action rate in variant environment temperatures. The accumulated velocity of the soots in the cold start stage of the test vehicle was measured, and the correction coefficients for soot emission in a low-temperature environment were acquired. Based on the type I test of CHINA 6 for light-duty vehicle emission, GPF active regeneration interval mileage in a low-temperature environment was simulated by applying the temperature correction coefficient of soot emissions and regeneration rate. Compared with GPF soot accumulation data from test vehicles driving on road in cold region, the simulation result had enough precision to predict GPF soot load accumulation rate for vehicle usage under different working conditions in cold region. Both the simulation and test results indicated that GPF soot accumulation rate was easily affected by low temperature when the vehicle running at low speed.
- gasoline particulate filter /
- regeneration interval mileage /
- activation energy

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图 1 GPF再生台架试验布置

Figure 1. GPF regeneration dyno test setup

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图 2 试验车GPF再生反应速率

Figure 2. test vehicle GPF regeneration action rate

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图 3 再生反应过程式（4）的反应速率

Figure 3. Action rate of regeneration process (4)

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图 4 WLTC循环测试中GPF碳载量变化过程

Figure 4. GPF soot load variation during WLTC test

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图 5 GPF再生里程间隔仿真流程

Figure 5. GPF regeneration interval mileage simulation process

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图 6 试验车平衡碳载量

Figure 6. Test vehicle balance soot load

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图 7 GPF碳载量预测偏差

Figure 7. GPF soot load estimation error

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表 1 GPF与排气歧管端口距离

Table 1. Distance between GPF and exhaust manifold

试验车序号	车型	GPF距排气歧管距离/mm	发动机类型和排量/L
1	SUV	1 230	GDI，1.5
2	载客汽车	660	PFI，2.0
3	轻型货车	760	PFI，2.4
4	SUV	810	GDI，1.8
注：GDI为燃油直喷；PFI为燃油进气道喷射。

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表 2 GPF再生速率台架测试参数

Table 2. GPF regeneration rate dyno test parameters

试验车序号	转速/（r/min）	IMEP/bar	再生反应条件	GPF床温/℃	颗粒物再生量/g	颗粒物流量/（mg/s）	反应时间/s	颗粒物再生反应速率/s⁻¹
1	3 000	0	DFCO	514.5	0.8	0	64	1.164×10⁻³
1	3 000	0	DFCO	613.5	4.2	0	86	6.017×10⁻³
1	3 000	0	DFCO	761.7	3.5	0	45	2.322×10⁻²
1	2 000	9.64	λ=1	521.1	1.4	0.028 100	3 100	7.233×10⁻⁵
1	2 000	11.53	λ=1	665.3	6.0	0.008 160	2 899	8.898×10⁻⁴
1	3 500	14.71	λ=1	784.8	6.5	0.129 000	756	4.801×10⁻³
2	2 000	0	DFCO	450.0	0.1	0	165	1.060×10⁻⁴
2	2 400	0	DFCO	550.0	0.7	0	167	6.958×10⁻⁴
2	3 200	0	DFCO	645.0	3.5	0	160	4.423×10⁻³
2	3 600	0	DFCO	685.0	4.1	0	155	8.197×10⁻³
2	1 500	9.17	λ=1	366.4	0.0	0.000 953	4 200	3.843×10⁻⁷
2	2 000	9.77	λ=1	456.9	0.3	0.001 040	3 600	1.427×10⁻⁵
2	3 200	12.19	λ=1	600.5	1.4	0.002 560	2 040	1.618×10⁻⁴
2	3 600	20.35	λ=1	754.1	4.3	0.059 600	900	1.467×10⁻³
3	3 600	0	DFCO	602.8	1.3	0	26	1.099×10⁻²
3	3 600	0	DFCO	651.9	4.5	0	66	2.476×10⁻²
3	3 600	0	DFCO	697.9	3.0	0	56	7.517×10⁻²
3	3 600	0	DFCO	762.6	5.5	0	36	1.384×10⁻²
3	2 800	9.89	λ=1	596.0	0.0	0.000 018	1 755	8.973×10⁻⁶
3	3 600	12.04	λ=1	717.0	0.3	0.000 306	710	6.767×10⁻⁵
3	4 000	14.32	λ=1	815.0	4.9	0.056 400	601	1.146×10⁻³
4	2 400	0	DFCO	592.4	0.6	0	21	3.444×10⁻³
4	2 400	0	DFCO	644.1	1.1	0	10	1.245×10⁻²
4	2 800	0	DFCO	719.5	2.3	0	41	1.154×10⁻²
4	2 800	0	DFCO	736.0	2.5	0	10	4.761×10⁻²
4	1 600	8.59	λ=1	465.3	0.1	0.001 760	1 800	2.216×10⁻⁶
4	2 400	12.15	λ=1	589.7	0.2	0.005 420	2 400	2.094×10⁻⁵
4	2 400	13.68	λ=1	669.2	2.2	0.006 100	1 200	3.719×10⁻⁴
4	2 400	14.37	λ=1	729.0	3.0	0.004 690	1 200	4.804×10⁻⁴

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表 3 GPF再生反应的活化能

Table 3. GPF Regeneration action active energy

试验车序号	再生反应条件	E_a/(kJ/mol)	回归系数（R²）
1	DFCO	81.7	0.991 3
1	λ=1	110.8	0.999 6
2	DFCO	83.2	0.944 5
2	λ=1	113.0	0.985 9
3	DFCO	91.4	0.920 3
3	λ=1	169.4	0.952 7
4	DFCO	81.6	0.809 0
4	λ=1	133.3	0.953 2

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表 4 再生反应过程式（4）的活化能

Table 4. Active energy of regeneration process (4)

试验车序号	E_a/(kJ/mol)	回归系数（R²）
1	161.3	0.998 0
2	159.2	0.913 7
3	218.9	0.969 5
4	183.6	0.960 3

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表 5 冷启动阶段颗粒物累积量

Table 5. Soot accumulation amount during cold engine start g　

试验车序号	−10 ℃	−20 ℃	−30 ℃
1	0.10	0.16	0.32
2	0.23	0.47	0.60
3	0.15	0.53	0.80
4	0.20	0.34	0.45

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表 6 WLTC循环中GPF中颗粒物再生情况

Table 6. GPF regeneration status in WLTC test

试验车序号	测试循环	GPF平均床温/℃	颗粒物累积量/mg	颗粒物再生量/mg	DFCO再生占比/%
1	WLTC低速	261.4	2.708	0.002	66.7
	WLTC中速	375.9	1.568	0.319	70.9
	WLTC高速	419.1	1.712	0.907	82.6
	WLTC超高速	521.3	3.067	8.372	93.5
	WLTC	374.9	9.055	9.595	92.1
2	WLTC低速	446.6	26.211	11.248	86.2
	WLTC中速	612.4	16.982	25.114	87.6
	WLTC高速	674.6	16.903	38.093	88.4
	WLTC超高速	772.9	22.465	50.372	90.4
	WLTC	602.8	82.570	124.840	88.8
3	WLTC低速	386.8	67.102	25.141	96.1
	WLTC中速	502.2	17.130	52.419	93.8
	WLTC高速	553.4	16.558	56.038	94.2
	WLTC超高速	644.7	25.751	121.484	96.0
	WLTC	503.1	126.568	255.084	95.2
4	WLTC低速	447.3	9.497	2.035	91.6
	WLTC中速	566.8	8.924	3.871	87.1
	WLTC高速	613.7	10.015	10.224	88.5
	WLTC超高速	695.6	15.099	23.693	93.2
	WLTC	562.5	43.539	39.831	91.3

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表 7 WLTC循环DFCO统计

Table 7. DFCO statistics in WLTC test

试验车序号	DFCO总次数	DFCO		最后一次DFCO
试验车序号	DFCO总次数	输氧量/g	GPF平均床温/℃	输氧量/g	GPF平均床温/℃	颗粒物再生占比/%
1	32	105.65	418.2	29.87	507.6	79.8
2	58	196.23	654.1	41.58	834.5	33.1
3	78	196.81	507.8	32.52	615.9	44.6
4	76	178.59	591.4	44.85	698.4	48.9

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表 8 GPF主动再生间隔里程试验循环

Table 8. Test cycle for GPF active regeneration interval mileage verification

测试循环	循环描述	行驶里程/km	平均车速 / （km/h）
循环1	WLTC循环	23.4	46.5
循环2	WLTC循环，无最后DFCO	22.3	46.5
循环3	WLTC循环，低+中+高速循环	15.1	36.8
循环4	WLTC循环，低+中速循环	7.94	27.9

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表 9 道路试验中GPF的颗粒物累积

Table 9. GPF soot load accumulation in field driving test

试验车序号	城市拥堵道路		城市综合道路		城市高速道路
试验车序号	行驶里程/km	碳载量/g	行驶里程/km	碳载量/g	行驶里程/km	碳载量/g
1	600	1.6	1 102	0.9	1 006	0.0
2			346	0.4
3	599	4.0	1 118	3.7	1 162	0.0
4	545	0.9	938	0.6	998	0.1

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