川西北长江黄河源区生态安全格局构建及优化

刘斯媛; 罗勇; 于慧; 王晓; 李梓涵; 董维

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220792

川西北长江黄河源区生态安全格局构建及优化

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220792

刘斯媛^1,,
罗勇^1, ,,
于慧²,
王晓³,
李梓涵¹,
董维⁴

1.
成都理工大学
2.
中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所
3.
中国建筑西南勘察设计研究院有限公司
4.
四川省国土科学技术研究院

基金项目: 四川省科技计划重点研发项目（2022YFS0494, 2019YFS0467）；国家自然科学基金项目（41971273）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘斯媛（1998— ），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为资源环境承载力及国土空间适宜性评价、生态修复，657027113@qq.com

通讯作者:
罗勇（1981—），男，副教授，研究方向为资源环境承载力与生态系统服务功能优化调控、生态修复，23761574@qq.com

中图分类号: F205
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-09
- 录用日期: 2023-01-05
- 修回日期: 2022-11-01
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-15

Construction and optimization of ecological security pattern in the source regions of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River in northwestern Sichuan

LIU Siyuan^1
,,
LUO Yong^{1
, ,},
YU Hui²,
WANG Xiao³,
LI Zihan¹,
DONG Wei⁴

1.
Chengdu University of Technology
2.
Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Science
3.
China Southwest Geotechnical Investigation & Design Institute Co., Ltd.
4.
Sichuan Institute of Land Science and Technology

摘要

摘要:
以生物多样性保护为出发点，聚焦生态环境脆弱、地灾频发的川西北地区，实现阿坝藏族羌族自治州（简称阿坝州）生态安全网络构建及优化。选取高程、坡度、土地覆被、植被覆盖度、地质灾害易发性、距水系距离、距建设用地距离为阻力面因子，加权叠加构建综合阻力面，基于电路理论、利用Linkage Mapper工具，构建阿坝州生态廊道，识别生态节点，进而优化阿坝州生态安全格局。结果表明：识别18处生态源地，面积为28553.83 km²，呈现南部和北部集中分布、东西部零星式分布格局；构建生态廊道39条，识别生态节点61个，其中夹点35个，障碍点26个，呈现中西部区域廊道长、东部廊道短的空间格局；规划核心生态源地8处、中枢生态源地4处、一般生态源地6处，一级生态廊道9条、二级生态廊道22条、三级生态廊道8条，一级生态节点17个、二级生态节点44个，实现生态源地和生态廊道科学分级；提出“两区、两带、三廊”的格局优化体系，发展高质量旅游业、改善物种迁徙通道、连通河流廊道等措施可有效维护川西北黄河源区的生态安全格局。
- 生态安全格局 /
- 电路理论 /
- 最小累积阻力模型 /
- 生态廊道 /
- 阿坝州
Abstract:
Taking biodiversity protection as the starting point, the northwestern Sichuan region with fragile ecological environment and frequent earthquakes was focused on, to realize the construction and optimization of the ecological safety network in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (Aba Prefecture in short). Elevation, slope, land cover, vegetation coverage, susceptibility to geological disasters, distance from water system, and distance from construction land were selected as resistance surface factors, and weighted superposition was used to construct a comprehensive resistance surface. Based on circuit theory and using Linkage Mapper tool, the ecological corridors of Aba Prefecture were built, ecological nodes were identified, and then the ecological security pattern of Aba Prefecture was optimized. The results showed that 18 ecological sources were identified, with an area of 28553.83 km², showing the characteristics of concentrated distribution in the south and north, and sporadic distribution pattern in the east and west. 39 ecological corridors were constructed, and 61 ecological nodes were identified. There were 35 pinch points and 26 obstacle points, showing a spatial pattern of long corridors in the central and western regions and short corridors in the east. 8 core ecological sources, 4 central ecological sources, and 6 general ecological sources were planned, with 9 first-level ecological corridors, 22 second-level ecological corridors, and 8 third-level ecological corridors, and with 17 first-level ecological nodes and 44 second-level ecological nodes. The ecological sources and ecological corridors were scientifically graded, and the pattern optimization system of "two districts, two belts, and three corridors" was proposed. Some suggestions were also provided, including developing high-quality tourism, improving species migration channels, and connecting river corridors, so as to effectively maintain the ecological security pattern of the source regions of the Yellow River in northwest Sichuan.
- ecological security pattern /
- circuit theory /
- minimum cumulative resistance model /
- ecological corridors /
- Aba Prefecture

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图 1 研究区行政区划及高程

Figure 1. Administrative division and elevation of the study area

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图 2 阻力面因子评价

Figure 2. Evaluation diagram of resistance surface factors

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图 3 综合累计阻力值评价

Figure 3. Evaluation of comprehensive cumulative resistance value

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图 4 生态廊道评价

Figure 4. Evaluation of ecological corridors

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图 5 生态夹点评价

Figure 5. Evaluation of ecological corridors and ecological pinch points

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图 6 障碍点评价

Figure 6. Evaluation of obstacle points

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图 7 生态廊道和生态节点分级

Figure 7. Grading of ecological corridors and ecological nodes

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图 8 生态节点结果验证

Figure 8. Validation of ecological nodes result

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图 9 研究区生态格局

Figure 9. Ecological pattern of the study area

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表 1 生态源地扩张阻力因子赋值及权重

Table 1. Assignment and weighting of ecological source expansion resistance factors

阻力因子	阻力分级	阻力值	权重
高程/m	≤1500	10	0.126 0
	(1500，2500]	30
	(2500，3800]	50
	(3800，4600]	70
	>4600	90
坡度/（°）	≤7	10	0.132 5
	(7，20]	30
	(20，35]	50
	(35，45]	70
	>45	90
植被覆盖度/%	>85	10	0.182 3
	(65，85]	20
	(50，65]	30
	(35，50]	50
	≤35	70
地质灾害易发性	低	10	0.089 5
	较低	30
	中	50
	较高	70
	高	90
土地利用类型	林地	1	0.206 2
	湿地	5
	草地	20
	耕地、园地	50
	建设用地	90
距水系距离/km	≤1	10	0.101 5
	(1，5]	30
	(5，10]	50
	(10，15]	70
	>15	90
距建设用地距离/km	>15	20	0.162 0
	(10，15]	30
	（5，10]	60
	(2，5]	80
	≤2	90
注：阻力值和权重无量纲。

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表 2 各县生态源地面积

Table 2. Ecological source area of each county

县(市)	生态源地面积/km²	分布占比/%
阿坝县	2 578.88	9.03
黑水县	2 406.12	8.43
红原县	1 084.68	3.80
金川县	1 001.62	3.51
九寨沟县	2 574.68	9.02
理县	1 632.83	5.72
马尔康市	1 486.30	5.21
茂县	939.83	3.29
壤塘县	1 899.00	6.65
若尔盖县	5 301.42	18.57
松潘县	2 239.59	7.84
汶川县	2 694.13	9.44
小金县	2 703.75	9.47

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