黑龙江省生态足迹时空演变与生态可持续分析

李蕴峰; 陈卓; 雷海亮; 刘畅; 卢昱润

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220797

黑龙江省生态足迹时空演变与生态可持续分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220797

李蕴峰^{1, 2,},
陈卓¹,
雷海亮¹,
刘畅¹,
卢昱润¹

1.
中国地质调查局哈尔滨自然资源综合调查中心
2.
中国地质大学地理与信息工程学院

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目（DD20211584）

详细信息

作者简介:
李蕴峰（1993—），男，工程师，硕士，主要从事地理信息系统应用模型评价研究，liyunfeng9319@126.com

中图分类号: X826
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- 文章访问数: 309
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-10
- 录用日期: 2022-11-08
- 修回日期: 2022-09-23

Spatial-temporal evolution and ecological sustainability analysis of ecological footprint in Heilongjiang Province

1.
Harbin Center for Integrated Natural Resources Survey, China Geological Survey
2.
School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences

摘要

摘要:
为分析黑龙江省生态可持续性状态，基于植被净初级生产力（NPP）构建了均衡因子和产量因子，采用改进的生态足迹模型，核算黑龙江省2000—2020年生态足迹、生态承载力，揭示生态足迹空间格局变化特征。结果表明：黑龙江省均衡因子为林地>草地>耕地>水域；产量因子为水域>草地>林地>耕地。黑龙江省21年间人均生态足迹增速远大于人均生态承载力，致使人均生态赤字状况日益严重；但考虑到国内贸易后，人均生态足迹呈现先增加后平稳状态，仅在2005—2010年为生态赤字状态，2010年后处于生态平衡状态；在空间上呈现明显的空间异质性。黑龙江省一直处于轻度消耗资产存量发展状态；耕地、草地资本流量无法满足社会需求；化石燃料生态足迹深度增长迅速，且表现为高生态赤字。黑龙江省总体呈现区域发展稍不安全、弱可持续发展状态；草地长期处于强不可持续状态。近年来黑龙江省生态环境状况得到有效改善，但土地资源利用不均的问题突出，应引起关注。
- 黑龙江省 /
- 均衡因子 /
- 产量因子 /
- 三维生态足迹 /
- 时空演化 /
- 生态可持续性
Abstract:
To analyze the ecological sustainability status of Heilongjiang Province, the equivalence factor and yield factor were constructed based on net primary productivity (NPP), and the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Heilongjiang Province from 2000 to 2020 were calculated by the improved ecological footprint model. Also, the spatial pattern changes of ecological footprint were revealed, and the status of ecological sustainability was analyzed. The results showed: Firstly, the equivalence factor of different lands was in the order of forest land > grassland > cultivated land > water area, and the value of the yield factor was water area > grassland > forest land > cultivated land. Secondly, the growth rate of ecological footprint per capita was much greater than the ecological carrying capacity per capita over the past 21 years in Heilongjiang Province, resulting in an increasingly serious ecological deficit per capita. However, ecological footprint per capita first showed increased status and then stabilized when considering domestic trade. It was in the state of ecological deficit from 2005 to 2010, then in the state of ecological balance after 2010, and there was obvious spatial heterogeneity. Thirdly, Heilongjiang Province had always been in a state of light consumption of asset stock and the capital flow of arable land and grassland could not meet social needs. The ecological footprint of fossil fuels had grown rapidly in-depth and it was manifested by a high ecological deficit. Lastly, the overall regional development of Heilongjiang Province was in a state of slightly unsafe and weak sustainable development and the grassland had been in a state of strong unsustainability for a long time. The ecological environment status of Heilongjiang Province had been effectively improved in recent years; however, the problem of uneven utilization of land resources was prominent and should be paid attention to.
- Heilongjiang Province /
- equivalence factor /
- yield factor /
- three-dimensional ecological footprint /
- spatial-temporal evolution /
- ecological sustainability

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图 1 黑龙江省自然资本利用变化趋势

Figure 1. Changing trend of natural capital utilization in Heilongjiang Province

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 黑龙江省人均生态足迹深度、广度以及三维生态足迹变化趋势

Figure 2. Depth and breadth of footprint per capita in Heilongjiang Province and changing trend of 3D ecological footprint

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 黑龙江省可持续发展指标变化趋势

Figure 3. Changing trend of sustainable development indicators in Heilongjiang Province

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 黑龙江省生态盈余/赤字空间格局变化

Figure 4. Changes of the spatial pattern of ecological surplus/deficit in Heilongjiang Province

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表 1 生态足迹模型选用的生态账户数据

Table 1. Ecological account data selected by the Ecological Footprint Model

账户类型	消费项目	土地类型
生物资源	水稻、小麦、玉米、谷子、高粱、豆类、薯类、麻类、甜菜、烟叶、蔬菜菌类、猪肉、禽肉、禽蛋	耕地
	瓜果、木材	林地
	牛肉、羊肉	草地
	水产品	水域
能源消费	煤炭、煤油、焦炭、原油、汽油、柴油、燃料油	化石燃料用地
能源消费	水电	建设用地

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表 2 基于国家公顷的黑龙江省均衡因子与产量因子

Table 2. Equivalent factor and yield factor of Heilongjiang Province based on national hectares

年份	项目	土地类型
年份	项目	耕地	林地	草地	水域
2000	NPP/〔g/(m²·a)〕	341.756	471.221	371.299	324.945
	均衡因子	0.846	1.167	0.919	0.805
	产量因子	0.461	0.787	1.966	2.192
2005	NPP/〔g/(m²·a)〕	347.941	492.312	392.939	334.225
	均衡因子	0.832	1.177	0.939	0.799
	产量因子	0.469	0.822	2.080	2.255
2010	NPP/〔g/(m²·a)〕	354.377	500.707	408.350	323.816
	均衡因子	0.832	1.175	0.958	0.760
	产量因子	0.478	0.836	2.162	2.185
2013	NPP/〔g/(m²·a)〕	347.415	499.499	397.148	324.560
	均衡因子	0.830	1.182	0.949	0.776
	产量因子	0.469	0.826	2.103	2.190
2015	NPP/〔g/(m²·a)〕	335.890	506.331	413.170	330.721
	均衡因子	0.782	1.178	0.961	0.770
	产量因子	0.453	0.845	2.187	2.231
2018	NPP〔g/(m²·a)〕	356.145	512.058	403.582	325.565
	均衡因子	0.829	1.192	0.969	0.758
	产量因子	0.480	0.855	2.137	2.196
2020	NPP/〔g/(m²·a)〕	356.027	512.062	403.271	332.691
	均衡因子	0.828	1.192	0.938	0.774
	产量因子	0.480	0.855	2.135	2.244

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表 3 黑龙江省2000—2020年人均生态足迹

Table 3. Ecological footprint per capita of Heilongjiang Province from 2000 to 2020 hm²/人　

年份	生态足迹	耕地	林地	草地	水域	化石能源	建设用地	合计
2000	生态足迹	0.190 76	0.016 86	0.299 62	0.009 39	0.710 26	0.000 03	1.226 93
	调整后足迹	0.247 19	0.021 85	0.388 24	0.012 17	0.710 26	0.000 03	1.379 74
	生态承载力	0.151 38	0.460 54	0.139 09	0.062 67	1.125 14	0.000 03	1.938 85
2005	生态足迹	0.249 92	0.545 55	0.588 79	0.008 34	1.002 15	0.000 03	2.394 78
	调整后足迹	0.237 48	0.518 39	0.559 48	0.007 92	1.002 15	0.000 03	2.325 45
	生态承载力	0.151 94	0.482 91	0.150 73	0.062 81	1.199 21	0.000 03	2.047 63
2010	生态足迹	0.292 72	0.381 32	0.432 27	0.005 38	1.417 51	0.000 05	2.529 25
	调整后足迹	0.274 57	0.357 67	0.405 46	0.005 04	1.417 51	0.000 05	2.460 29
	生态承载力	0.154 76	0.487 87	0.159 98	0.058 24	1.245 33	0.000 05	2.106 22
2013	生态足迹	0.327 96	0.148 99	0.456 13	0.006 57	1.509 02	0.000 07	2.448 73
	调整后足迹	0.228 45	0.103 78	0.317 73	0.004 57	1.509 02	0.000 07	2.163 63
	生态承载力	0.158 24	0.497 59	0.162 94	0.040 51	1.247 05	0.000 07	2.106 40
2015	生态足迹	0.342 13	0.128 43	0.489 29	0.006 94	1.664 42	0.000 03	2.631 24
	调整后足迹	0.219 66	0.082 46	0.314 14	0.004 45	1.664 42	0.000 03	2.285 17
	生态承载力	0.151 59	0.534 98	0.174 37	0.064 80	1.366 19	0.000 03	2.291 97
2018	生态足迹	0.383 41	0.051 80	0.490 14	0.007 87	1.613 22	0.000 06	2.546 49
	调整后足迹	0.189 96	0.025 66	0.242 84	0.003 90	1.613 22	0.000 06	2.075 65
	生态承载力	0.192 08	0.540 10	0.122 25	0.047 46	1.307 74	0.000 06	2.209 69
2020	生态足迹	0.413 81	0.080 74	0.550 51	0.008 89	1.773 87	0.000 07	2.827 89
	调整后足迹	0.203 20	0.039 64	0.270 32	0.004 36	1.773 87	0.000 07	2.291 48
	生态承载力	0.199 93	0.566 54	0.128 33	0.058 39	1.370 53	0.000 07	2.323 79

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