再生水受纳河流自然入渗过程中B(a)P对浅层地下水的影响预测

任杰; 马伟芳

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220832

再生水受纳河流自然入渗过程中B(a)P对浅层地下水的影响预测

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220832

任杰,
马伟芳^,

北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51678052)

详细信息

作者简介:
任杰(1995—)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤-地下水污染治理研究，1304463137@qq.com

通讯作者:
马伟芳(1973—)，女，教授，主要从事流域生态修复和污染场地修复等研究，mprggy@163.com

中图分类号: X824
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-22

Prediction of the impact of benzo(a)pyrene on shallow groundwater during natural infiltration of reclaimed water-receiving rivers

REN Jie,
MA Weifang^,

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University

摘要

摘要:
在调查和监测再生水受纳河流凉水河中苯并芘〔B(a)P〕浓度的基础上，利用Hydrus-1D耦合GMS模型研究B(a)P的时空分布和迁移演变，预测再生水受纳河流对地下水水质的影响。结果表明：B(a)P在包气带的垂直入渗率为0.102 m⁻¹，仅为水运移的0.73%。由于吸附和生物降解作用，B(a)P穿透16 m深的包气带时间约为63年，其中吸附和生物降解的贡献率分别为78.4%和19.3%。当B(a)P与地下水相交，受地下水流的推动，B(a)P的迁移以地下水流方向迁移为主。B(a)P在地下水中沿地下水流方向的迁移速率为6.65 m/a，分别为垂直地下水流方向和垂向迁移速率的2.42倍和16.22倍。时空分布表明，地下水中B(a)P浓度随与河流距离的增加而降低，其在平行地下水流方向、垂直地下水流方向和垂向的衰减率常数分别为1.19×10⁻⁴、3.05×10⁻⁴和3.67×10⁻³ m⁻¹，与迁移率呈负相关。然而，地下水中B(a)P浓度随入渗时间的延长而增加，积累率为7.3×10⁻² d⁻¹。B(a)P的迁移和积累对以地下水为饮用水的沿岸居民造成潜在的危害，导致地下水安全利用范围在20年内将从平行地下水流方向、垂直地下水流方向和垂向的438、276和19.8 m分别缩减至568、324和27.7 m。
- 苯并芘〔B(a)P〕 /
- 河流入渗 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 溶质运移
Abstract:
To predict the influence of reclaimed water-receiving rivers on groundwater quality, the spatiotemporal distribution and migration evolution prediction of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] was conducted by investigating and monitoring its levels in the Liangshui River, which received reclaimed water, with Hydrus-1D coupled GMS model. The research results were as follows: The vertical infiltration rate of B(a)P in the vadose zone was 0.102 m⁻¹, which was only 0.73% that of water migration. B(a)P penetrated the 16 m depth vadose zone for 63 years owing to the attenuation function of adsorption and biodegradation, with contribution ratios of 78.4% and 19.3%, respectively. When B(a)P intersected with groundwater, driven by groundwater flow, the migration of B(a)P was mainly in the direction of groundwater flow. The migration rate of B(a)P in groundwater along the direction of groundwater flow was 6.65 m/a, which was 2.42 times and 16.22 times of the diffusion rate in the vertical groundwater flow direction and vertical downward direction, respectively. The spatiotemporal distribution indicated that B(a)P concentration decreased with the crow-fly distance from the river with attenuation rate constants of 1.19×10⁻⁴, 3.05×10⁻⁴, and 3.67×10⁻³ m⁻¹ in parallel groundwater flow direction, vertical groundwater flow direction and vertical downward direction, respectively, which were negatively correlated with migration rate. However, B(a)P content increased over the extension of infiltration time with an accumulation rate of 7.3×10⁻² d⁻¹. The migration and accumulation of B(a)P induced potential harm to coastal residents taking groundwater as drinking water, which would result in the groundwater safety utilization range decreasing from 438, 276, and 19.8 m to 568, 324, and 27.7 m far from the river in parallel groundwater flow direction, vertical groundwater flow direction and vertical downward direction, respectively, 20 years later.
- benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] /
- river water infiltration /
- numerical modelling /
- solute transport

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图 1 研究区域及采样点分布

Figure 1. Study area and distrubution of sampling sites

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图 2 地下水流模型边界条件

Figure 2. Groundwater flow model boundary condition

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图 3 2016—2020年的月平均降水量和蒸发量

Figure 3. Monthly average precipitation and evapotranspiration from 2016 to 2020

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图 4 凉水河中B(a)P的时空分布

Figure 4. Temporal and spatial distribution of B(a)P in Liangshui River

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图 5 Hydrus-1D对B(a)P在包气带中长期迁移结果模拟

Figure 5. Hydrus-1D simulation results of long-term migration of B(a)P in vadose zone

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图 6 2016—2020年非稳定流模型校准结果

Figure 6. Unsteady model calibration results from 2016 to 2020

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图 7 2020年地下水位实测值与预测值之间相关性

Figure 7. Correlation between measured and predicted groundwater levels in 2020

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图 8 地下水中B(a)P浓度模拟值与实测值对比

Figure 8. Comparison of simulated and observed B(a)P concentrations in groundwater

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图 9 地下水中B(a)P浓度的时空分布预测

Figure 9. Predicted spatiotemporal distribution of B(a)P concentration in groundwater

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表 1 Hydrus-1D模型参数

Table 1. Hydrus-1D model parameters

类别	土壤理化性质							溶质运移参数
类别	θ_s/%	θ_r/%	α	n	K/(cm/d)	I	ρ/(g/cm³)	D^w	K_d
壤土	0.47	0.024	0.036	1.51	14.07	0.5	2.42	4.16	87.6
注：θ_s为饱和含水率；θ_r为残余含水率；n为土壤保水参数；I为土壤水力传导系数的经验参数；K_d为污染物在固相和液相中的平衡浓度之比。

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