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生态修复河流微生物群落组成及影响因素研究

王革林 于鲁冀 王莉 范鹏宇 刘萌硕 黎亚辉 谷立坤

王革林,于鲁冀,王莉,等.生态修复河流微生物群落组成及影响因素研究[J].环境工程技术学报,2023,13(4):1562-1572 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220876
引用本文: 王革林,于鲁冀,王莉,等.生态修复河流微生物群落组成及影响因素研究[J].环境工程技术学报,2023,13(4):1562-1572 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220876
WANG G L,YU L J,WANG L,et al.Study on the composition and influencing factors of microbial community in ecological restoration rivers[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2023,13(4):1562-1572 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220876
Citation: WANG G L,YU L J,WANG L,et al.Study on the composition and influencing factors of microbial community in ecological restoration rivers[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2023,13(4):1562-1572 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220876

生态修复河流微生物群落组成及影响因素研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20220876
基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2015ZX07204002-004; 2012ZX07204004-001)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王革林(1994—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事河流生态修复,1490846967@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    谷立坤(1978—),男,博士,主要从事环境样品微生物生态学研究,gulikun1@163.com

  • 中图分类号: X82

Study on the composition and influencing factors of microbial community in ecological restoration rivers

  • 摘要:

    为明确生态修复类型河流的微生物群落结构、功能及其影响因素,以许昌市清潩河为例,采用高通量测序的方法研究生态修复措施对河流水体和沉积物微生物群落结构的影响,并在此基础上分析碳氮硫功能菌群在生态修复措施中的净化作用及水体病原菌分布状况。结果表明:在人类干扰较少的河段,近自然河岸带对陆源污染起着较好的拦截效果,生态滤坝设施的截留和复氧能力有助于河流对化学需氧量(COD)的去除;城区段河流受人类活动影响水质变化较大,生态修复措施净化效果不明显;城郊段人类干扰较少,河流自净能力提升,总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH4 +-N)等指标逐渐恢复原有水平。清潩河沉积物中微生物多样性和丰富度均高于水体,且变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是沉积物和水体中的优势物种。部分河段参与氮循环的蓝藻菌门(Cyanobacteria)相对丰度达到4.7%,说明清潩河仍存在富营养化河段。清潩河水体中相对丰度最高的致病菌群为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter),而沉积物中相对丰度最高的致病菌群为梭状芽孢杆菌属(Clostridium)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),其中拟杆菌门在城区段相对丰度最高。Spearman相关性分析表明,水体中微生物多样性与温度、pH、COD有显著相关性(P<0.05),城郊段沉积物中微生物群落结构的主要影响因子为NH4 +-N、总氮(TN)和TP。生态修复河流城区段微生物丰度和多样性较高,致病风险大;城郊段碳氮硫功能菌群丰度高,是物质循环的主要场所。

     

  • 图  1  采样点分布示意

    Figure  1.  Distribution of sampling points

    图  2  清潩河沉积物理化指标

    Figure  2.  Physical and chemical properties of sediments in the Qingyi River

    图  3  水体和沉积物属水平群落组成分析

    Figure  3.  Analysis of genus level community composition in water and sediment

    图  4  水体和沉积物的 PCoA及细菌群落结构聚类分析

    注:采样点编号后的W表示水样;S表示沉积物。

    Figure  4.  Cluster analysis of PCoA and bacterial community structure in water and sediment

    图  5  清潩河微生物群落结构与环境因子相关性分析

    注:*表示在0.05水平下相关性显著;**表示在0.01水平下相关性显著。

    Figure  5.  Correlation analysis of microbial community structure and environmental factors in the Qingyi River

    图  6  沉积物微生物群落主要功能类群

    Figure  6.  Main functional groups of sediment microbial communities

    图  7  清潩河水体和沉积物致病菌群丰度

    Figure  7.  Abundance of pathogenic bacterial communities in water bodies and sediments of the Qingyi River

    表  1  清潩河流域水体理化指标

    Table  1.   Physical and chemical indexes of water bodies in Qingyi River basin

    采样点pH水温/℃DO浓度/
    (mg/L)
    COD/
    (mg/L)
    NH4 +-N浓度/
    (mg/L)
    NO3 -N浓度/
    (mg/L)
    NO2 -N浓度/
    (mg/L)
    TN浓度/
    (mg/L)
    TP浓度/
    (mg/L)
    Q1(增福庙水库)8.6627.39.292.500.0130.410.0056.980.020
    Q2(高铁桥生态滤坝)8.2527.89.995.760.0130.220.0046.870.010
    Q3(段黄庄观景台)8.6729.210.102.500.0130.100.0047.680.020
    Q4(八一路生态滤坝)9.3729.612.0622.400.0130.100.0047.840.030
    Q5(长社路赵庄桥)9.5429.413.1717.760.0870.100.0047.730.040
    Q6(建设路生态浮岛)10.0130.213.5333.760.3900.100.0168.800.070
    Q7(建设路生态滤坝)10.0430.612.2241.440.3370.340.0139.130.070
    Q8(人民路生态浮岛)10.0830.511.9830.400.2750.100.0023.070.050
    Q9(英刘闸上游)10.4331.613.2136.480.3480.540.0023.070.005
    Q10(葛天大道生态滤坝)8.4534.07.6761.120.3370.270.00811.540.230
    Q11(杜村寺闸前后)9.1431.112.3830.880.0454.260.0059.450.040
    Q12(关庄闸上游)9.0831.013.1319.680.0455.810.00510.630.005
    Q13(关庄闸下游30 m)7.6228.94.4519.920.1086.360.00711.270.050
    Q14(关庄闸下游200 m)7.6828.05.0712.400.0766.060.00710.840.040
    Q15(关庄闸生态滤坝)7.6428.05.479.840.0135.760.00710.790.040
    Q16(禄马桥下游500 m)7.9628.88.019.280.0135.990.00610.470.005
    Q17(县道007)8.0328.67.992.500.0765.180.00510.140.050
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  水体和沉积物样品在97%水平下的丰富度和多样性指数

    Table  2.   Richness and diversity index of water and sediment samples at 97% level

    采样点水体沉积物
    ChaoShannon-WninnerCoverageChaoShannon-WninnerCoverage
    Q11 332.65.100.99
    Q21 386.86.990.99
    Q63 935.69.060.99
    Q75 202.29.660.99
    Q105 156.39.850.99
    Q115 919.310.40.99
    Q125 762.310.50.99
    Q141 526.06.390.995 844.310.10.99
    Q162 530.45.130.99
    Q171 741.75.380.995 754.29.730.99
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-09-01
  • 录用日期:  2023-03-23
  • 修回日期:  2022-12-13
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-09-20

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