Study on the characteristics of plant communities in different ecological restoration stages of Hulun Buir sandy grassland
-
摘要:
人工植被修复是减缓草地沙化与生态重建的重要措施，理解不同修复阶段的沙地植物群落演替特征及其影响因素有利于沙地植被的持续修复。以呼伦贝尔市甘珠尔沙地植被修复为例，分别调查了修复9、11、13、15 a共4个不同修复阶段植物群落结构特征及土壤理化性质，探索甘珠尔沙地人工修复植物群落演替变化及其对环境因子的响应。结果表明：研究区共发现植物42种，隶属于17科35属。草本39种，以菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科和豆科为主；灌木3种，为豆科和菊科。不同修复年限物种数变化依次表现为28种（15 a）、25种（13 a）、19种（9 a）和16种（11 a）。各年限内多年生草本物种数均明显高于一年生和一/二年生植物。草本与灌木在不同修复阶段其优势种、地上生物量及物种多样性均存在波动变化，具体表现为草本植物中地梢瓜(Cynanchum thesioides)、虫实(Corispermum hyssopifolium)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)与狗尾草(Setaria viridis)的优势度较高，灌木以小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)为主要优势种。草本植物地上生物量和总盖度整体呈现波动增加的趋势但差异不显著。灌木总盖度15 a显著高于9 a，地上生物量整体呈现逐渐增加的趋势，表现为11、13、15 a均显著高于9 a。不同修复阶段的物种多样性指数在草本中无显著差异，但在灌木层表现为15 a显著高于9 a。随机森林模型表明，沙化草地的修复过程中气候及土壤因子对植物群落结构特征贡献度存在差异。土壤总氮含量、总钾含量、有机质含量、年降水量和年均风速是影响甘珠尔沙地草本植物多样性的主导因子，其中除年均风速外均为正相关。因此，建议在沙地植被修复中适当增加含氮、钾、有机质等营养物质的肥料，促进沙化生态系统的植物群落结构重建与多样性的恢复。
Abstract:Artificial vegetation restoration is an important measure to slow down grassland desertification and ecological reconstruction. Understanding the succession characteristics and influencing factors of plant communities in different restoration stages is conducive to the sustainable restoration of vegetation in the sandy land. Taking the vegetation restoration of Ganzhuer sandy land in Hulun Buir as an example, the plant community structure characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties at different restoration stages in 9, 11, 13 and 15 years were investigated respectively, and the succession changes of artificial restoration plant communities and their responses to environmental factors were explored. It was found that 42 species of plants were found in the study area, belonging to 17 families and 35 genera, including 39 species of herbs, mainly Compositae, Gramineae, Rosaceae and Leguminosae. There were 3 kinds of shrubs, including Leguminosae and Compositae. The number of species in different recovery years varied from large to small, and the order was 28 species (15 a) > 25 species (13 a) > 19 species (9 a) > 16 species (11 a). Within each year, the number of perennial herbaceous species was significantly higher than that of annual and biennial plants. In different restoration stages, the dominant species, aboveground biomass and species diversity of herbaceous and shrub fluctuated. Specifically, among the herbaceous plants, Cynanchum thesioides, Corispermum hyssopifolium, Elymus dahuricus, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Leymus chinensis and Setaria viridis had higher dominance, and Cynanchum thesioides was the main dominant species of shrub. The aboveground biomass and total coverage of herbaceous plants did not change noticeably, but the overall trend was fluctuating and increasing. The total coverage of shrub in 15 a was significantly higher than that in 9 a, and the aboveground biomass showed a trend of gradual increase, which was significantly higher in 11, 13, 15 a than in 9 a. The species diversity index of the herbaceous had no significant difference in different restoration stages, and the species diversity of shrub layer was significantly higher in 15 a than in 9 a. The random forest model showed that the contribution of local climate and soil factors to the characteristics of plant community structure was different in the restoration process of desertification grassland. Soil total nitrogen, total potassium, organic matter, annual precipitation and average annual wind speed were the dominant factors affecting herbaceous diversity in Ganzhuer sandy land, and all of them were positively correlated except the average annual wind speed. Therefore, it was suggested to appropriately increase fertilizer containing nitrogen, potassium, organic matter and other nutrients in the sandy land vegetation restoration, so as to promote the plant community structure reconstruction and diversity restoration in the desertification ecosystem.
-
图 2 不同修复年限研究区草本植物重要值雷达图
Figure 2. Radar map of important values of herbaceous plants in the study area with different recovery years
图 3 不同修复年限研究区灌木植物重要值雷达图
Figure 3. Radar map of important values of shrub plants in the study area with different recovery years
图 4 甘珠尔沙地不同修复年限植被盖度、地上生物量比较
注：不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05)，全文同。
Figure 4. Comparison of vegetation coverage and aboveground biomass in different restoration years in Ganzhuer sandy land
图 5 甘珠尔沙地不同修复年限植被多样性指数比较
Figure 5. Comparison of diversity index of different restoration years in Ganzhuer sandy land
图 6 环境因子与草本植物多样性指数随机森林模型重要性排序
注：R2为全部变量对多样性指数解释的方差的百分比；MSE为均方误差；因子的重要性由均方误差增加率表示；*、**分别表示在0.05、0.01水平下差异显著。
Figure 6. Importance ranking chart of random forest model of environmental factors and herb diversity index
-
[1] 郭婧, 张骞, 宋明华, 等.黄河上游草地生态现状及功能提升技术[J]. 草地学报,2020,28(5):1173-1184.GUO J, ZHANG Q, SONG M H, et al. Status and function improvement technology of the grassland ecosystem in the upper Yellow River Basin[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,2020,28(5):1173-1184. [2] SHOBA P, RAMAKRISHNAN S S. Modeling the contributing factors of desertification and evaluating their relationships to the soil degradation process through geomatic techniques[J]. Solid Earth,2016,7(2):341-354. doi: 10.5194/se-7-341-2016 [3] 钱大文, 巩杰, 高彦净.近35年黑河中游临泽县荒漠化时空分异及景观格局变化[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(4):85-90.QIAN D W, GONG J, GAO Y J. Spatial-temporal difference and landscape pattern evolution of desertification in the middle reaches of the Heihe River: a case study of Linze County in Gansu[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(4):85-90. [4] 朱粟锋, 刘煜杰, 张强, 等.生态恢复模式对若尔盖高寒沙化草地土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2022,12(1):199-206.ZHU S F, LIU Y J, ZHANG Q, et al. Effects of ecological restoration patterns on soil microbial community functional diversity in Zoige alpine desertification grassland[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2022,12(1):199-206. [5] XU D Y, DING X. Assessing the impact of desertification dynamics on regional ecosystem service value in North China from 1981 to 2010[J]. Ecosystem Services,2018,30:172-180. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.03.002 [6] 聂莹莹, 徐丽君, 辛晓平, 等.围栏封育对温性草甸草原植物群落构成及生态位特征的影响[J]. 草业学报,2020,29(11):11-22.NIE Y Y, XU L J, XIN X P, et al. Effects of fence enclosure on the plant community composition and niche characteristics in a temperate meadow steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2020,29(11):11-22. [7] 田美荣, 傅馨逸, 杨伟超, 等.挡风墙设计及其在呼伦贝尔沙地治理中的应用[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2021,11(5):970-975.TIAN M R, FU X Y, YANG W C, et al. Design of wind-break walls and their application in Hulunbeier sandy land control[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2021,11(5):970-975. [8] 杜敏, 胡新培, 乔殿学, 等. 呼伦贝尔沙地治理概况[C]//世界防治荒漠化与干旱日纪念大会暨荒漠化防治国际研讨会: 人才·科技·绿色·共享. 呼和浩特: 中国治沙暨沙业学会、内蒙古自治区林业和草原局、内蒙古农业大学, 2019. [9] 屠志方, 李梦先, 孙涛.第五次全国荒漠化和沙化监测结果及分析[J]. 林业资源管理,2016(1):1-5.TU Z F, LI M X, SUN T. The status and trend analysis of desertification and sandification[J]. Forest Resources Management,2016(1):1-5. [10] 钱洲, 俞元春, 俞小鹏, 等.毛乌素沙地飞播造林植被恢复特征及土壤性质变化[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(4):102-107.QIAN Z, YU Y C, YU X P, et al. Changes of vegetation characteristics and soil properties in Mu Us Sandy Land by aerial seeding afforestation[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2014,34(4):102-107. [11] 慕宗杰. 浑善达克沙地飞播区植被恢复状况及土壤性状研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2017. [12] 王明明, 刘新平, 何玉惠, 等.科尔沁沙地封育恢复过程中植物群落特征变化及影响因素[J]. 植物生态学报,2019,43(8):672-684. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0068WANG M M, LIU X P, HE Y H, et al. How enclosure influences restored plant community changes of different initial types in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2019,43(8):672-684. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0068 [13] 栗忠飞, 高吉喜, 王亚萍.内蒙古呼伦贝尔南部沙带植被恢复进程中土壤理化特性变化[J]. 自然资源学报,2016,31(10):1739-1751. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.20151207LI Z F, GAO J X, WANG Y P. Changes of soil physical and chemical properties with the development of artificial planted and natural invaded vegetation in southern Hulunbeir sandy land[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(10):1739-1751. doi: 10.11849/zrzyxb.20151207 [14] 金晓明, 刘及东, 艾琳, 等.呼伦贝尔沙地封育植被群落动态研究[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(1):15-20.JIN X M, LIU J D, AI L, et al. Study on the community trends of fenced vegetation in Hulunbeier sandy land[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition),2010,31(1):15-20. [15] 甘爽, 肖玉, 徐洁, 等.呼伦贝尔草原草甸生态功能区建设效益评价[J]. 生态学报,2019,39(16):5874-5884.GAN S, XIAO Y, XU J, et al. Comprehensive cost-benefit evaluation of the Hulunbuir grassland meadow ecological function area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(16):5874-5884. [16] 周建琴, 田赟, 吴雨晴, 等.不同放牧方式下的草场植被群落特征及其与土壤因子的关系: 以新巴尔虎左旗为例[J]. 生态环境学报,2019,28(6):1117-1126.ZHOU J Q, TIAN Y, WU Y Q, et al. Characteristics of grassland vegetation community under different grazing management and its relationship with soil factors: a case study of Xin Barag Zuoqi[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2019,28(6):1117-1126. [17] 任继周 .草业科学研究方法[M].北京: 中国农业出版社, 1998: 201- 213. [18] 郭玉东, 张秋良, 陈晓燕, 等.库布齐沙漠地区人工灌木林生物量模型构建[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2022,50(4):74-82.GUO Y D, ZHANG Q L, CHEN X Y, et al. Establishment of biomass models for artificial shrubbery in the Kubuqi desert area[J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition),2022,50(4):74-82. [19] 汤军. 半干旱区沙地黄柳人工林碳汇功能研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2016. [20] 童新风, 杨红玲, 宁志英, 等.科尔沁沙地优势固沙灌木的生物量预测模型[J]. 中国沙漠,2018,38(3):553-559.TONG X F, YANG H L, NING Z Y, et al. Biomass estimation models for dominant sand-fixing shrubs in Horqin sand land[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2018,38(3):553-559. [21] 刘尧尧, 辜彬, 王丽.北川震后植被恢复工程植物群落物种多样性及优势种生态位[J]. 生态学杂志,2019,38(2):309-320.LIU Y Y, GU B, WANG L. Species diversity of plant community and the niche of dominant species in Beichuan after earthquake engineering[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2019,38(2):309-320. [22] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 第三版. 中国农业出版社, 2005. [23] ARCHER E. rfPermute: estimate permutation p-values for random forest importance metrics[EB/OL]. [2022-08-01]. https://mran.microsoft.com/snapshot/2020-04-25/web/packages/rfPermute/index.html. [24] FORTMANNROE S. A3: accurate, adaptable, and accessible error metrics for predictive models [EB/OL]. [2022-08-01]. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/A3/index.html. [25] 金山, 武帅楷.太岳山油松林火烧迹地恢复初期植物群落结构特征[J]. 生态学报,2021,41(10):4182-4193.JIN S, WU S K. The plant community structure of burned Pinus tabuliformis forest in Taiyue Mountainin the early ecological restoration stage[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2021,41(10):4182-4193. [26] 董凌勃, 海旭莹, 汪晓珍, 等.黄土高原退耕还草地植物群落动态对生态系统碳储量的影响[J]. 生态学报,2020,40(23):8559-8569.DONG L B, HAI X Y, WANG X Z, et al. Effects of plant community dynamics on ecosystem carbon stocks since returning farmlands to grasslands on the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2020,40(23):8559-8569. [27] 高瑞, 艾宁, 刘广全, 等.煤矿复垦区不同修复年限林下草本群落特征及其与土壤耦合关系[J]. 草业学报,2022,31(6):61-68.GAO R, AI N, LIU G Q, et al. Characteristics of understory herb communities across time during restoration in coal mine reclamation areas and their coupling with soil properties[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2022,31(6):61-68. [28] 刘东霞, 卢欣石, 李文红.呼伦贝尔退化草地植被演替特征研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(8):103-110.LIU D X, LU X S, LI W H. A study on vegetation succession of degradation grassland in Hulunbeier steppe[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2008,22(8):103-110. [29] 张继义, 赵哈林, 张铜会, 等.科尔沁沙地植被恢复系列上群落演替与物种多样性的恢复动态[J]. 植物生态学报,2004,28(1):86-92.ZHANG J Y, ZHAO H L, ZHANG T H, et al. Dynamics of species diversity of communities in restoration processes in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2004,28(1):86-92. [30] 赵啸龙, 谢玉鸿, 马旭君, 等.科尔沁沙质草地不同恢复年限草本层群落结构及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J]. 中国沙漠,2022,42(2):134-141.ZHAO X L, XIE Y H, MA X J, et al. Vegetation structure and its relationship with soil physicochemical properties in restoring sandy grassland in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2022,42(2):134-141. [31] 李国辉, 陈庆芳, 黄懿梅, 等.黄土高原典型植物根际对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷和基础呼吸的影响[J]. 生态学报,2010,30(4):976-983.LI G H, CHEN Q F, HUANG Y M, et al. Soil microbial biomass C, N, P and basal respiration in rhizosphere soil of typical plants on the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(4):976-983. [32] 苏永中, 赵哈林, 张铜会.几种灌木、半灌木对沙地土壤肥力影响机制的研究[J]. 应用生态学报,2002,13(7):802-806.SU Y Z, ZHAO H L, ZHANG T H. Influencing mechanism of several shrubs and subshrubs on soil fertility in Keerqin sandy land[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(7):802-806. [33] 陈定帅, 董正武, 高磊, 等.不同降水条件下科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿和盐蒿的水分利用动态[J]. 植物生态学报,2017,41(12):1262-1272. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0219CHEN D S, DONG Z W, GAO L, et al. Water-use process of two desert shrubs along a precipitation gradient in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2017,41(12):1262-1272. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0219 [34] 杨勤学, 赵冰清, 郭东罡.中国北方露天煤矿区植被恢复研究进展[J]. 生态学杂志,2015,34(4):1152-1157.YANG Q X, ZHAO B Q, GUO D G. A review on vegetation restoration of opencast coal mine areas in Northern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(4):1152-1157. [35] 陈生永.沙地植被演替研究成果综述[J]. 山西水土保持科技,2001(4):23-26. [36] 江小蕾, 张卫国, 杨振宇, 等.不同干扰类型对高寒草甸群落结构和植物多样性的影响[J]. 西北植物学报,2003,23(9):1479-1485.JIANG X L, ZHANG W G, YANG Z Y, et al. The influence of disturbance on community structure and plant diversity of alpine meadow[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2003,23(9):1479-1485. [37] 单贵莲, 徐柱, 宁发, 等.围封年限对典型草原群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报,2008,17(6):1-8.SHAN G L, XU Z, NING F, et al. Influence of exclosure year on community structure and species diversity on a typical steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2008,17(6):1-8. [38] FIRINCIOĞLU H K, SEEFELDT S S, SAHIN B. The effects of long-term grazing exclosures on range plants in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey[J]. Environmental Management,2007,39(3):326-337. doi: 10.1007/s00267-005-0392-y [39] 武胜男, 张曦, 高晓霞, 等.三江源区“黑土滩”型退化草地人工恢复植物群落的演替动态[J]. 生态学报,2019,39(7):2444-2453.WU S N, ZHANG X, GAO X X, et al. Succession dynamics of a plant community of degraded alpine meadow during the human-induced restoration process in the Three Rivers Source Region[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(7):2444-2453. [40] 苏闯, 张芯毓, 马文红, 等.贺兰山灌丛群落物种多样性海拔格局及环境解释[J]. 山地学报,2018,36(5):699-708.SU C, ZHANG X Y, MA W H, et al. Altitudinal pattern and environmental interpretation of species diversity of scrub communty in the Helan Mountains, China[J]. Mountain Research,2018,36(5):699-708. [41] 王志学, 刘方正, 李海波, 等.基于目标对照样本的自然保护地保护成效评估: 以梵净山冷杉群落为例[J]. 环境科学研究,2022,35(2):519-529.WANG Z X, LIU F Z, LI H B, et al. Assessment of conservation effectiveness of protected areas based on target control samples: a case study of Abies Fanjingshanensis Communities[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2022,35(2):519-529. [42] 杨振奇, 秦富仓, 张晓娜, 等.砒砂岩区不同立地类型人工沙棘林下草本物种多样性环境解释[J]. 生态学报,2018,38(14):5132-5140.YANG Z Q, QIN F C, ZHANG X N, et al. Environmental interpretation of herb species diversity under different site types of Hippophae rhamnoides forest in feldspathic sandstone region[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(14):5132-5140. [43] 君珊, 王东波, 周健华, 等.拉萨河流域浮游植物群落结构特征及与环境因子的关系[J]. 生态学报,2019,39(3):787-798.JUN S, WANG D B, ZHOU J H, et al. Community structures of phytoplankton and its relationship with environmental factors in the Lhasa River[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(3):787-798. [44] 吕倩, 康文斯, 郭茂金, 等.柏木人工林目标树经营初期对林下植物多样性及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2019,25(5):1036-1043.LÜ Q, KANG W S, GUO M J, et al. Early effects of target tree management on undergrowth plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties in Cupressus funebris plantations[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2019,25(5):1036-1043. [45] REHFELDT G E, CROOKSTON N L, WARWELL M V, et al. Empirical analyses of plant-climate relationships for the western United States[J]. International Journal of Plant Sciences,2006,167(6):1123-1150. doi: 10.1086/507711 [46] BAI Y F, WU J G, XING Q, et al. Primary production and rain use efficiency across a precipitation gradient on the Mongolia plateau[J]. Ecology,2008,89(8):2140-2153. doi: 10.1890/07-0992.1 [47] VALLADARES F, BASTIAS C C, GODOY O, et al. Species coexistence in a changing world[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science,2015,6:866. [48] PARDON P, REUBENS B, REHEUL D, et al. Trees increase soil organic carbon and nutrient availability in temperate agroforestry systems[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment,2017,247:98-111. [49] 赵哈林, 苏永中, 周瑞莲.我国北方沙区退化植被的恢复机理[J]. 中国沙漠,2006,26(3):323-328.ZHAO H L, SU Y Z, ZHOU R L. Restoration mechanism of degraded vegetation in sandy areas of Northern China[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2006,26(3):323-328. [50] LIU Y M, XING Z S, YANG H Y. Effect of biological soil crusts on microbial activity in soils of the Tengger Desert (China)[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2017,144:201-211. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.04.003 [51] CHEN Y L, XU T L, VERESOGLOU S D, et al. Plant diversity represents the prevalent determinant of soil fungal community structure across temperate grasslands in Northern China[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,110:12-21. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.02.015 [52] SEABLOOM E W, KINKEL L, BORER E T, et al. Food webs obscure the strength of plant diversity effects on primary productivity[J]. Ecology Letters,2017,20(4):505-512. doi: 10.1111/ele.12754 [53] WEI Y H, HE Z, LI Y J, et al. Sediment yield deduction from check-dams deposition in the weathered sandstone watershed on the north Loess Plateau, China[J]. Land Degradation & Development,2017,28(1):217-231. [54] SANAEI A, ALI A, CHAHOUKI M A Z. The positive relationships between plant coverage, species richness, and aboveground biomass are ubiquitous across plant growth forms in semi-steppe rangelands[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2018,205:308-318. [55] SONG L J, LIU W Y, WU H F, et al. Characteristics of soil nutrients and their relationship with soil microbial properties in Artemisia sacrorum communities in the Loess Hilly Region[J]. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,2018,11(4):110-119. doi: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181104.3942 [56] ZHU G Y, TANG Z S, CHEN L, et al. Overgrazing depresses soil carbon stock through changing plant diversity in temperate grassland of the Loess Plateau[J]. Plant, Soil and Environment,2018,64(1):1-6. doi: 10.17221/610/2017-PSE [57] HU F, DU H, ZENG F P, et al. Plant community characteristics and their relationships with soil properties in a Karst region of southwest China[J]. Contemporary Problems of Ecology,2017,10(6):707-716. doi: 10.1134/S1995425517060051 [58] 杨丽霞, 陈少锋, 安娟娟, 等.陕北黄土丘陵区不同植被类型群落多样性与土壤有机质、全氮关系研究[J]. 草地学报,2014,22(2):291-298.YANG L X, CHEN S F, AN J J, et al. Relationships among community diversity and soil organic matter, total nitrogen under different vegetation types in the gully region of loess region[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,2014,22(2):291-298. [59] 朱媛君, 张璞进, 邢娜, 等.毛乌素沙地丘间低地植物群落分类与排序[J]. 中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1580-1589. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00171ZHU Y J, ZHANG P J, XING N, et al. Classification and ordination analysis of plant communities in inter-dune lowland in the Mu Us sandy land[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(6):1580-1589. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00171 [60] ITURRATE-GARCIA M, O'BRIEN M J, KHITUN O, et al. Interactive effects between plant functional types and soil factors on tundra species diversity and community composition[J]. Ecology and Evolution,2016,6(22):8126-8137. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2548 [61] SINGH R, SAGAR R, SRIVASTAVA P, et al. Herbaceous species diversity and soil attributes along a forest-savanna-grassland continuum in a dry tropical region[J]. Ecological Engineering,2017,103:226-235. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.04.020 [62] WANG X L, HAN J Y, XU L G, et al. Soil characteristics in relation to vegetation communities in the wetlands of Poyang Lake, China[J]. Wetlands,2014,34(4):829-839. doi: 10.1007/s13157-014-0546-x [63] DINGAAN M N V, TSUBO M, WALKER S, et al. Soil chemical properties and plant species diversity along a rainfall gradient in semi-arid grassland of South Africa[J]. Plant Ecology and Evolution,2017,150(1):35-44. doi: 10.5091/plecevo.2017.1260 [64] 赵鹏, 屈建军, 韩庆杰, 等.敦煌绿洲边缘植物群落与土壤养分互馈关系[J]. 中国沙漠,2018,38(4):791-799.ZHAO P, QU J J, HAN Q J, et al. Mutual feedback relationship between vegetation communities and soil nutrient in the edge of Dunhuang oasis[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2018,38(4):791-799. [65] LI X R, SONG G, HUI R, et al. Precipitation and topsoil attributes determine the species diversity and distribution patterns of crustal communities in desert ecosystems[J]. Plant and Soil,2017,420(1/2):163-175. [66] 张林静, 岳明, 顾峰雪, 等.新疆阜康绿洲荒漠过渡带植物群落物种多样性与土壤环境因子的耦合关系[J]. 应用生态学报,2002,13(6):658-662.ZHANG L J, YUE M, GU F X, et al. Coupling relationship between plant communities' species diversity and soil factors in ecotone between desert and oasis in Fukang, Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(6):658-662. [67] XIAO K C, HE T G, CHEN H, et al. Impacts of vegetation restoration strategies on soil organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a Karst area, southwest China[J]. Ecological Engineering,2017,101:247-254. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.01.037 [68] DENG L, KIM D G, PENG C H, et al. Controls of soil and aggregate-associated organic carbon variations following natural vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau in China[J]. Land Degradation & Development,2018,29(11):3974-3984. [69] GARNER W, STEINBERGER Y. A proposed mechanism for the formation of ‘Fertile Islands’ in the desert ecosystem[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,1989,16(3):257-262. doi: 10.1016/S0140-1963(18)30941-8 [70] SCHLESINGER W H, RAIKES J A, HARTLEY A E, et al. On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems[J]. Ecology,1996,77(2):364-374. [71] SCHLESINGER W H, REYNOLDS J F, CUNNINGHAM G L, et al. Biological feedbacks in global desertification[J]. Science,1990,247(4946):1043-1048. doi: 10.1126/science.247.4946.1043 [72] Razik, MSA. Plant diversity changes in response to environment drivers and pressures at El Omayed "ROSELT/OSS" observatory, Egypt[C]//International Scientific Conference on Desertification and Drylands Research. Tunisia: Future of drylands, 2008: 289-309. [73] 牛存洋, 阿拉木萨, 刘亚, 等.科尔沁沙地固沙植物根系与土壤水分特征研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(10):106-111.NIU C Y, ALAMUSA, LIU Y, et al. The characteristics of sand-fixation plantations roots and soil moisture in Horqin sandy land[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(10):106-111. [74] 常昌明, 牛建明, 王海, 等.小针茅荒漠草原土壤水分动态及其对降雨的响应[J]. 干旱区研究,2016,33(2):260-265.CHANG C M, NIU J M, WANG H, et al. Dynamic change of soil moisture and its response to rainfall in a Stipa klemenzii steppe[J]. Arid Zone Research,2016,33(2):260-265. ⊕ -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 403
- HTML全文浏览量: 240
- PDF下载量: 54
- 被引次数: 0
