基于生态安全格局的县域国土空间生态保护修复关键区域识别

黄丽萍; 向芳芳; 陈荣清

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221028

基于生态安全格局的县域国土空间生态保护修复关键区域识别—以抚州市宜黄县为例

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221028

东华理工大学测绘与空间信息工程学院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41261041）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄丽萍（1997—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事土地生态研究，626786849@qq.com

通讯作者:
陈荣清（1973—），男，教授，主要从事土地可持续利用研究，420888709@qq.com

中图分类号: X171.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-20
- 录用日期: 2023-04-18
- 修回日期: 2022-12-15
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-15

Identification of key areas for ecological protection and restoration of county territorial space based on ecological security pattern: a case study in Yihuang County of Fuzhou City

School of Surveying and Geoinfomation Engineering, East China University of Technology

摘要

摘要:
为了有效实现国土空间生态保护与修复，探讨国土空间生态安全格局构建与生态保护修复关键区域识别的方法具有重要意义。以抚州市宜黄县为例，基于“生态源地—景观阻力面—生态廊道”的基本框架，以MSPA（形态空间格局分析）模型识别生态源地，将生态保护重要性评价成果作为指标之一构建景观综合阻力面，集成最小累积阻力模型（MCR）、重力模型和电路理论，识别与提取生态廊道，构建国土空间生态安全格局。在此基础上，基于电路理论识别生态夹点、障碍点，进而判断出宜黄县国土空间生态保护修复的关键区域，对需要修复的关键区域进行修复分区并提出修复建议。结果表明：宜黄县有10个生态源地；生态廊道共19条，包括7条重要生态廊道和12条一般生态廊道；待修复生态夹点20处，障碍点26处；待修复关键区域38处，划定为5个生态修复分区，分别为农业用地生态建设区、城镇绿地建设维护区、河道治理修复区、生态用地维护修复区以及道路生态廊道畅通区。
- 国土空间生态保护修复 /
- 生态安全格局 /
- MSPA /
- MCR模型 /
- 电路理论 /
- 生态系统服务供需 /
- 生态修复分区
Abstract:
In order to effectively realize the ecological protection and restoration of the territorial space, it is of great significance to explore the methods of constructing the ecological security pattern of the territorial space and identifying the key areas of ecological protection and restoration. Taking Yihuang County of Fuzhou City as an example, based on the basic framework of "ecological source-landscape resistance surface-ecological corridor", the ecological security pattern of territorial space was constructed. The Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) model was used to identify ecological sources, and the evaluation results of ecological conservation importance were used as one of the indicators to construct the landscape comprehensive resistance surface. The minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model, gravity model and circuit theory were integrated to identify and extract ecological corridors. Then, based on the circuit theory, the ecological "pinch points" and obstacle points were identified, the key areas of ecological protection and restoration in the territorial space of Yihuang County were judged, the key areas to be repaired were partitioned, and restoration strategies were proposed. The results showed that there were 10 ecological sources and 19 ecological corridors, including 7 important ecological corridors and 12 general ecological corridors in Yihuang County. There were 20 ecological pinch points, 26 obstacle points and 38 key areas to be repaired, which were divided into 5 ecological restoration zones, including the ecological construction zone for agricultural land, the construction and maintenance area for urban green space, the river rehabilitation area, the maintenance and restoration area for ecological land, and the unimpeded area of road ecological corridor.
- ecological conservation and restoration of territorial space /
- ecological security pattern /
- MSPA /
- MCR model /
- circuit theory /
- supply and demand of ecosystem services /
- ecological restoration zone

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图 1 宜黄县行政区划与自然保护区分布

Figure 1. Administrative division and distribution of nature reserves in Yihuang County

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图 2 MSPA分析结果

Figure 2. MSPA analysis results

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图 3 核心区与连接桥景观连通性评价结果

Figure 3. Evaluation results of landscape connectivity between the core area and the connecting bridge

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图 4 宜黄县综合阻力面

Figure 4. Comprehensive resistance surface of Yihuang County

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图 5 生态廊道识别与提取

Figure 5. Identification and extraction of ecological corridors

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图 6 不同阈值下生态夹点识别的累计电流值

Figure 6. Cumulative current diagram of ecological pinch points recognition under different thresholds

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图 7 生态夹点、障碍点空间分布

Figure 7. Spatial distribution of ecological pinch points and obstacle points

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图 8 生态修复关键区域及其修复分区

Figure 8. Key areas of ecological restoration and their restoration partitions

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表 1 MSPA 7种景观类型及生态学含义

Table 1. Seven landscape types of MSPA and their ecological implications

景观类型	生态学含义
核心区	前景中较大的生态斑块，通常被认为是栖息地，是主要的生态源地
岛状斑块	独立且连接度较小的斑块，斑块间互不连接，能量交流低
孔隙	存在于核心区斑块与非生态用地之间的过渡区域，具有边缘效应
边缘区	核心区的边缘地带，是核心区斑块与非生态用地的过渡区域，起到缓冲作用，同样具有边缘效应
桥接区	生态用地（前景）中连接2个及以上核心区斑块的小于既定边缘宽度的狭长型区域，具有景观连接作用
环岛区	同一个核心区斑块中内部物质能力交流的通道与捷径
支线	只有一端与核心区斑块相连通，是核心区斑块的外延，是核心区斑块与外围景观进行物质能量交流的通道

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表 2 阻力值权重与赋值表

Table 2. Weight and assignment table of resistance value

阻力指标	指标权重	阻力因子	因子权重	指标	阻力赋值
土地利用覆盖	0.26	土地利用类型	1	林地生态系统	1
				草地生态系统	5
				湿地生态系统	40
				农田生态系统	50
				荒漠生态系统	80
				城镇生态系统	100
地形地貌	0.11	DEM	0.5	<200 m	5
				200~600 m	30
				600~800 m	50
				>800 m	70
		地形起伏度	0.5	0~20 m	10
				20~100 m	30
				>100 m	70
生态保护重要性	0.63	水源涵养、水土保持、生态敏感性	1	极重要	5
				重要	30
				一般重要	70

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表 3 MSPA景观类型面积统计

Table 3. MSPA landscape type area statistics

景观要素	面积/hm²	占生态用地面积比例/%	占研究区总面积比例/%
核心区	9 0533.07	55.04	46.73
岛状斑块	1277.73	0.78	0.66
孔隙	1602.18	0.97	0.83
边缘区	8126.10	4.94	4.19
环岛	8264.61	5.02	4.27
连接桥	5 1332.67	31.21	26.49
支线	3358.08	2.04	1.73

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表 4 生态源地dPC排序统计

Table 4. dPC value ranking statistics of ecological sources

排序	生态源地编号	dPC
1	8	56.42
2	5	21.72
3	7	16.65
4	9	12.44
5	1	11.17
6	10	6.62
7	2	6.41
8	4	6.15
9	6	5.89
10	3	4.62

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表 5 基于MCR模型与重力模型的生态源地相互作用矩阵

Table 5. Interaction matrix of ecological sources based on MCR model and gravity model

生态源地编号	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1		1.52	4.98	0.76	7.15	1.24	0.34	0.46	0.59	0.25
2			5.44	7.66	1.40	2.65	0.73	0.81	0.70	0.49
3				3.07	6.18	16.85	0.97	1.42	1.69	0.69
4					0.63	2.03	1.14	0.99	0.74	0.61
5						1.15	0.22	0.28	0.34	0.16
6							0.65	1.11	1.16	0.47
7								2.58	1.20	5.74
8									10.81	4.93
9										1.75
10

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表 6 基于不同模型下的生态网络结构特征指数

Table 6. Characteristics index of ecological network structure based on different models

	ɑ指数	β指数	γ指数	ρ指数
基于MCR和重力模型	−0.13	0.70	0.29	0.000038
基于电路理论	0.67	1.90	0.79	0.000031

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