典型电镀场地重金属污染程度综合评价分析

王春林; 蒋卫国; 宋颉; 耿治鹏

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221104

典型电镀场地重金属污染程度综合评价分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221104

王春林^{1, 2,},
蒋卫国^1, ,,
宋颉¹,
耿治鹏¹

1.
遥感科学国家重点实验室, 北京师范大学地理科学学部
2.
北京市测绘设计研究院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFC1807403）

详细信息

作者简介:
王春林（1998—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事空间分析、生态遥感等研究，wangchunlin@mail.bnu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
蒋卫国（1976—），男，教授，博士，研究方向为生态环境遥感监测、空间分析与大数据挖掘等研究，jiangweiguo@bnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X53
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- 文章访问数: 301
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-04
- 录用日期: 2023-02-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-15

Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of heavy metal pollution degree in typical electroplating sites

WANG Chunlin^{1, 2
,},
JIANG Weiguo^{1
, ,},
SONG Jie¹,
GENG Zhipeng¹

1.
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University
2.
Beijing Institute of Surveying and Mapping

摘要

摘要:
针对污染程度评价研究中存在的单一指数评价不全面、空间分析不足的问题，基于电镀场地调查报告、遥感影像等数据，综合多种污染指数构建场地综合评价空间模型对电镀场地的污染程度进行综合评价，分析土壤重金属污染分布情况。结果显示：电镀场地中Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu浓度较高，污染超标情况较为突出；其他重金属元素浓度较低，不存在超标情况。各场地不同污染指数空间分布一致性较高，但也存在差异性。在综合评价值空间分布中，各场地功能区分布差异较大，其中污水处理区和电镀车间区的综合值较高。单一指数评价内容较为片面，通过综合评价模型可更全面分析场地污染分布，为场地未来开发提供参考依据。
- 电镀场地 /
- 污染指数 /
- 综合评价 /
- 重金属元素 /
- 空间分布
Abstract:
In view of the problems of incomplete single index evaluation and insufficient spatial analysis in the pollution degree evaluation study, a comprehensive evaluation spatial model was built based on three pollution indexes to carry out research in the electroplating site. Based on the survey report of the electroplating site, remote sensing images and other data, a comprehensive evaluation spatial model was built to comprehensively evaluate the pollution degree and analyze the pollution distribution of the electroplating site. The results show that the concentration of Cr, Ni, Zn, and Cu elements in electroplating sites are relatively high, and the pollution exceeding standard is more prominent; The concentration of other heavy metal elements are relatively low, and there is no situation of exceeding the standard. The spatial distribution of different pollution indexes in different sites have high consistency, but there are also differences. In the spatial distribution of comprehensive evaluation values, there are significant differences in the distribution of functional areas among different sites, with the sewage treatment area and electroplating workshop area having higher comprehensive value. The evaluation content of a single index is relatively one-sided, and a comprehensive evaluation model can provide a more comprehensive analysis of the distribution of site pollution, providing a reference basis for future development of the site.
- electroplating site /
- pollution index /
- comprehensive evaluation /
- heavy metal /
- spatial distribution

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图 1 污染场地研究区概况

Figure 1. Overview of the study area of the contaminated sites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 污染程度综合评价空间模型示意

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of spatial model for comprehensive evaluation of pollution level

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 污染场地内梅罗综合污染指数空间分布

Figure 3. Spatial distribution map of Nemerow comprehensive pollution index in the contaminated sites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 污染场地地累积指数空间分布

Figure 4. Spatial distribution map of geo-accumulation index in the contaminated sites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 污染场地潜在生态危害指数空间分布

Figure 5. Spatial distribution map of potential ecological hazard index in the contaminated sites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 场地污染综合评价值空间分布

Figure 6. Spatial distribution map of comprehensive assessment value of site pollution

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 场地所在地区土壤重金属标准值

Table 1. Soil heavy metal reference values for the area the site located mg/kg　

场地	Cr	Ni	Zn	Pb	Cd	Cu	As	Hg
1#	250	150	3500	400	20	2000	20	8
2#	800	900	5000	800		18000	60	38
3#	1000	200	700	600	20	500	70	20

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表 2 单因子污染指数等级划分

Table 2. Classification of single factor pollution index

$ {\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{i}} $	$ \mathrm{污}\mathrm{染}\mathrm{水}\mathrm{平} $	等级
$ {P}_{i} $≤1	无污染	1
1<$ {P}_{i} $≤2	轻度污染	2
2<$ {P}_{i} $≤3	中度污染	3
$ {P}_{i} $>3	重度污染	4

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表 3 内梅罗综合污染指数等级划分

Table 3. Classification of Nemerow comprehensive pollution index

$ {{P}}_{\mathbf{综}} $	污染等级	污染水平
$ {P}_{\mathrm{综}} $≤0.7	安全	清洁
0.7<$ {P}_{\mathrm{综}} $≤1	警戒	尚清洁
1<$ {P}_{\mathrm{综}} $≤2	轻污染	土壤开始受到污染
2<$ {P}_{\mathrm{综}} $≤3	中污染	土壤受中度污染
$ {P}_{\mathrm{综}} $>3	重污染	污染已相当严重

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表 4 地累积指数划分等级

Table 4. Classification of geo-accumulation pollution index

地累积指数	污染程度	等级
${I}_{{\rm{geo}}}$≤0	无污染	0
0<${I}_{{\rm{geo}}}$≤1	轻到中度污染	1
1<${I}_{{\rm{geo}}}$≤2	中度污染	2
2<${I}_{{\rm{geo}}}$≤3	中到强污染	3
3<${I}_{{\rm{geo}}}$≤4	强污染	4
4<${I}_{{\rm{geo}}}$≤5	强到极严重污染	5
${I}_{{\rm{geo}}}$>5	极严重污染	6

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表 5 潜在生态危害指数等级划分

Table 5. Classification of potential ecological hazard index

RI	危害等级
RI<150	轻微生态危害
150≤RI<300	中等生态危害
300≤RI<600	强生态危害
RI≥600	很强生态危害

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表 6 场地1#重金属描述性统计

Table 6. Descriptive statistical results of heavy metals in Site 1#

元素	平均值/ (mg/kg)	变异系数	土壤背景值/ (mg/kg)^[28]	标准值/ (mg/kg)	最大超标倍数	样本超标率/%
Cr	206.89	1.07	79	250	4.2	23.21
Ni	222.79	2.11	34	150	13.27	19.64
Zn	654.19	1.35	82	3500	1.31	1.79
Pb	25.95	0.45	24	400	0	0
Cd	0.10	0.88	123	20	0	0
Cu	74.46	1.66	28	2 000	0	0

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表 7 场地2#重金属描述性统计

Table 7. Descriptive statistical results of heavy metals in Site 2#

元素	平均值/ （mg/kg）	变异系数/ （mg/kg）	土壤背景值/ (mg/kg)^[29]	标准值/ (mg/kg)	最大超标倍数	样本超标率/%
Cr	96.11	2.81	78.9	800	2.73	1.49
Ni	89.01	2.34	16.9	900	1.77	1.49
Zn	115.40	2.38	81.3	5 000	0	0
Pb	14.78	0.61	34.2	800	0	0
Cu	62.61	2.77	29.5	18 000	0	0
As	9.57	0.38	9	60	0	0
Hg	0.08	0.78	0.2	38	0	0

下载: 导出CSV

表 8 场地3#重金属描述性统计

Table 8. Descriptive statistical results of heavy metals in Site 3#

元素	平均值/ （mg/kg）	变异系数/ (mg/kg)	土壤背景值/ (mg/kg )^[30]	标准值	最大超标倍数	样本超标率/%
Cr	100.10	1.40	56.53	1000	1.35	0.61
Ni	171.92	1.42	17.8	200	9.55	28.06
Zn	326.37	2.34	49.71	700	10.67	9.70
Pb	33.04	0.49	35.87	600	0	0
Cd	0.24	1.22	0.09	20	0	0
Cu	314.96	1.67	17.65	500	5.94	17.58
As	13.30	0.60	13.52	70	0	0
Hg	0.07	0.73	0.085	20	0	0

下载: 导出CSV

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