衡水湖水动力水质特征及驱动机制

范振宇; 刘振杰; 白静; 谢培; 孙宁; 乔飞; 张冰烨; 黄法铭

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221145

衡水湖水动力水质特征及驱动机制

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221145

范振宇^1,,
刘振杰²,
白静¹,
谢培¹,
孙宁¹,
乔飞^1, ,,
张冰烨^{1, 3},
黄法铭¹

1.
中国环境科学研究院
2.
衡水滨湖新区管理委员会
3.
湖北大学资源环境学院

基金项目: 生态环境部部门预算项目(211110214430021)；衡水湖国家自然保护区咨询项目(YTZ022003S18016)

详细信息

作者简介:
范振宇(1998—)，男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为湖泊生态修复，1548082538@163.com

通讯作者:
乔飞（1977—），男，正高级工程师, 博士，主要研究方向为环境规划与管理，qiaofei@craes.org.cn

中图分类号: X524
计量
- 文章访问数: 270
- HTML全文浏览量: 251
- PDF下载量: 27
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-15
- 录用日期: 2023-04-06
- 修回日期: 2023-04-03

Hydrodynamic water quality characteristics and driving mechanism in Hengshui Lake

1.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
Hengshui Binhu New Area Management Committee
3.
School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University

摘要

摘要:
为探究衡水湖水动力水质特征，在现场调查的基础上，基于EFDC（Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code）模型，构建衡水湖二维水动力水质模型，分别用2018年和2019年的水位、温度和水质等观测数据对模型进行率定和验证，该模型可较好地反映衡水湖的水动力和水质情况。在此基础上，模拟衡水湖水动力学和水质在空间和时间的变化特征，分析衡水湖水动力水质演化的驱动机制。结果显示：衡水湖水动力较弱，补水是改善水动力的重要方式，对于保持湖泊生态水位，提升水交换能力有促进作用；补水带入的大量营养盐对湖区水质有显著影响，各站点的水质指标在补水期产生较大波动，其中王口闸和小湖心受影响较大。在进水水质较差的情况下，补水容易使湖泊水体污染加重，控制入湖水质仍然不能忽视。
- 衡水湖 /
- 湿地 /
- EFDC模型 /
- 水动力机制
Abstract:
In order to explore the characteristics of the hydrodynamic water quality of Hengshui Lake, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model of Hengshui Lake was built based on the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model on the basis of field investigation. The model was calibrated and validated using observation data such as water level, temperature, and water quality from 2018 and 2019, respectively, to better reflect the hydrodynamic and water quality conditions of Hengshui Lake. The characteristics of the hydrodynamic and water quality changes in space and time of Hengshui Lake were simulated, and the driving mechanism of the hydrodynamic water quality evolution of the lake was analyzed. The results showed that the hydrodynamic force of Hengshui Lake was weak, and water replenishment was an important way to improve the hydrodynamic force, which had a promoting effect on maintaining the ecological water level of the lake and improving the water exchange capacity. The large amount of nutrients brought in by water replenishment had a significant impact on the water quality of the lake area. The water quality indicators at various stations fluctuated greatly during the water replenishment period, with Wangkou Gate and Xiaohuxin stations being greatly affected. In the case of poor inflow water quality, water replenishment could easily aggravate lake water pollution, and control of inflow water quality could not be ignored.
- Hengshui Lake /
- wetlands /
- EFDC model /
- hydrodynamic mechanism

HTML全文

图 1 衡水湖监测站点分布

Figure 1. Distribution of observation stations in Hengshui Lake

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图 2 水下测量点位

Figure 2. Distribution of underwater measuring points

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图 3 2018年衡水湖大湖心站点模拟值与观测值对比

Figure 3. Comparison of simulation and observation results at Dahuxin station in 2018 in Hengshui Lake

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图 4 2019年衡水湖大湖心站点模拟值与观测值对比

Figure 4. Comparison of simulation and observation results at Dahuxin station in 2019 in Hengshui Lake

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图 5 衡水湖不同时期的水深变化过程

Figure 5. Water depth change process of Hengshui Lake in different periods

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图 6 衡水湖流速分布

Figure 6. Velocity distribution of Hengshui Lake

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图 7 衡水湖水龄分布及变化情况

Figure 7. Water age changes and distribution of water age in Hengshui Lake

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图 8 典型站点TN、TP、COD的第一次补水阶段全湖浓度分布及2018—2019年变化特征

Figure 8. Concentration distribution of TN, TP and COD in the whole lake in the first diversion stage of typical stations and their change characteristics from 2018 to 2019

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表 1 初始水质条件

Table 1. Initial water quality conditions

水质组分	初始浓度/（mg/L）
难溶颗粒态有机磷（ROP）	0.003
活性颗粒态有机磷（LOP）	0.009
溶解态有机磷（DOP）	0.013
总磷（TP）	0.025
难溶颗粒态有机氮（RON）	0.146
活性颗粒态有机氮（LON）	0.170
溶解态有机氮（DON）	0.170
氨氮（NH₄ ⁺）	0.270
硝态氮（NO₃ ⁻/NO₂ ⁻）	0.485
化学需氧量（COD）	19.000
溶解氧（DO）	10.000

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表 2 主要水质模拟参数

Table 2. Key water quality simulation parameters

参数	取值
难溶颗粒态有机磷最小水解速率/d⁻¹	0.005
活性颗粒态有机磷最小水解速率/d⁻¹	0.075
溶解态有机磷最小矿化速率/d⁻¹	0.1
最大硝化率/d⁻¹	0.07
硝化氧半饱和常数/（g/m³，以O₂计）	1
硝化氮半饱和常数/（g/m³，以N计）	1
硝化作用的参考温度/℃	27
硝化作用的次优温度系数	0.004 5
硝化作用的超优温度系数	0.004 5
难溶颗粒态有机氮最小水解速率/d⁻¹	0.005
活性颗粒态有机氮最小水解速率/d⁻¹	0.075
溶解态有机氮最小矿化速率/d⁻¹	0.015

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表 3 率定结果误差分析

Table 3. Error analysis of calibration results

指标	平均绝对误差	平均相对误差/%	最大绝对误差	相关系数
DO浓度	1.175	11.4	3.766	0.873
温度	2.902	38.8	6.615	0.955
TN浓度	0.127	8.8	0.235	0.924
水位	0.031	0.2	0.112	0.993

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表 4 验证结果误差分析

Table 4. Error analysis of validation results

指标	平均绝对误差	平均相对误差/%	最大绝对误差	相关系数
DO浓度	0.830	9.2	2.357	0.901
温度	2.641	19.6	8.344	0.919
TN浓度	0.285	20.6	0.938	0.857
水位	0.074	0.4	0.385	0.976

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表 5 各站点的水质指标平均值

Table 5. Average value of water quality indicators at each station mg/L　

站点	TN浓度	TP浓度	COD
王口闸	1.845	0.070	19.774
小湖心	2.287	0.071	16.352
大湖心	1.706	0.057	18.399
大赵闸	1.389	0.044	15.898

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表 6 王口闸站点在不同进水情况下的水质指标变化

Table 6. Water quality index changes of Wangkou Gate station under different inflow conditions mg/L　

水质指标	水体	2018年春季补水	2018年秋季补水	2019年春季补水	2019年秋季补水
TN浓度	入湖水体	1.304	2.527	0.477	1.144
	补水前水体	1.628	1.165	2.366	2.038
	补水后水体	1.605	3.719	1.317	3.536
TP浓度	入湖水体	0.086	0.082	0.026	0.045
	补水前水体	0.042	0.068	0.075	0.067
	补水后水体	0.108	0.174	0.069	0.111
COD	入湖水体	16.791	16.510	7.494	10.615
	补水前水体	19.643	9.006	17.298	19.851
	补水后水体	20.521	20.995	23.578	20.097
注：入湖水体的水质指标为平均值，补水前水体、补水后水体的水质指标为瞬时值。

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