亭式核酸采样环境飞沫传播风险影响因素研究

李景明; 张震宇

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221211

亭式核酸采样环境飞沫传播风险影响因素研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221211

西安石油大学新能源学院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金联合基金项目（U20B2036）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2020JM-541）；西安石油大学研究生创新与实践能力培养计划(YCS22221053)

详细信息

作者简介:
李景明(1978—)，男，副教授，博士，主要从事多相流传热传质及建筑设备与环境优化研究，lijm@xsyu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X33
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-02
- 录用日期: 2023-05-08
- 修回日期: 2023-03-19
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-21

Factors influencing risk of droplet transmission in pavilion nucleic acid sampling environment

College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University

摘要

摘要:
为探究核酸采样环境中飞沫的传播风险，采用RNG k-ε（增强壁面模型）、DPM（分散相模型）和DRW（随机游走）模型，应用田口实验法对亭式核酸采样环境中飞沫传播过程及其影响因素进行研究，分析了飞沫喷射速度、气流组织形式及新风速度等因素对飞沫传播特性的影响。研究发现：气流组织形式是影响飞沫传播的主要因素，采用上进下出形式并将最大风速控制在1 m/s左右时能在保证人体热舒适感前提下有效降低飞沫传播风险；随着时间的延长飞沫浓度呈减小趋势，新风速度越大高浓度飞沫持续时间越短，20 s时呼吸区域飞沫浓度仅为极限飞沫浓度的7.7%，在保证效率的前提下应尽快完成采样并适当延长采样时间间隔至20 s以上，以降低传播风险。
- 飞沫浓度 /
- 气流组织 /
- 感染风险 /
- 田口实验 /
- 仿真模拟
Abstract:
In order to explore the risk of droplet transmission in the nucleic acid sampling environment, the RNG k-ε, DPM and DRW models were adopted to study the droplet transmission process and influencing factors in the nucleic acid sampling pavilion on the basis of Taguchi experiment. The effects of initial droplet speed, airflow organization and fresh vent velocity on the characteristics of droplet transmission were analyzed. It was found that the airflow organization was the principal factor of the droplet transmission, and the up-in and down-out ventilation mode with the maximum ventilating speed of 1 m/s could effectively reduce the risk of droplet transmission under the premise of thermal comfort of the body. The droplet concentration tended to decrease as times went on, the higher the fresh vent speed, the shorter the duration of high-concentration of droplets, and the concentration of droplets dropped to below 7.7% of the limit droplet concentration in the respiratory area after 20 s. With the consideration of efficiency, sampling should be completed as soon as possible and the sampling interval should be extended to more than 20 s to reduce the risk of transmission.
- droplet concentration /
- airflow organization /
- infection risk /
- Taguchi experiment /
- simulation

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图 1 核酸采样亭物理模型

Figure 1. Physical model of nucleic acid sampling chamber

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图 2 网格无关性检验结果

Figure 2. Grid independence test results

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图 3 飞沫喷射速度对飞沫平均浓度的影响

Figure 3. Effect of droplet jet velocity on the mean concentration of droplets

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图 4 不同新风速度下飞沫随时间变化分布

注：红色部分为受试者人体模型；紫色部分为采样者人体模型；黑色颗粒为飞沫颗粒。

Figure 4. Distribution of droplets with time at different fresh vent velocities

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图 5 新风速度对飞沫平均浓度的影响

Figure 5. Influence of fresh vent velocity on the mean concentration of droplets

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图 6 不同气流组织形式下飞沫随时间变化分布

注：同图4。

Figure 6. Droplet organization with time under different airflow patterns

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图 7 气流组织形式对飞沫平均浓度的影响

Figure 7. Effect of air flow pattern on mean concentration of droplets

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图 8 飞沫浓度随时间变化

Figure 8. Variation of droplet concentration with time

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表 1 飞沫参数

Table 1. Droplet parameter

密度/(kg/m³)	1×10³
喷射总流/(kg/s)	7.85×10⁻¹²
半径/m	1×10⁻⁵
喷射时间/s	3

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 气流组织

Table 2. Air organization

工况	送风方式	送风口位置	回风口位置
A	顶进下出	房顶中央	左右墙下侧
B	同侧上进下出	左墙上侧	左墙下侧
C	异侧上进下出	左墙上侧	右墙下侧
D	同侧下进上出	左墙下侧	左墙上侧
E	异侧下进上出	左墙下侧	右墙上侧

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表 3 因素水平表

Table 3. Factor level table

水平	因素
水平	飞沫喷射速度/(m/s)	新风速度/(m/s)	气流组织形式
1	1.2	0.2	A
2	1.5	0.4	B
3	3.0	0.6	C
4	4.0	0.8	D
5	5.0	1.0	E

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表 4 田口实验方案及仿真模拟结果

Table 4. Taguchi Orthogonal experiment scheme and numerical simulation results

工况	飞沫喷射速度/(m/s)	新风速度/(m/s)	气流组织形式	飞沫平均浓度/（μg/m³）
1	1.2	0.2	A	0.011 1
2	1.2	0.4	B	0.015 2
3	1.2	0.6	C	0.012 1
4	1.2	0.8	D	0.008 8
5	1.2	1.0	E	0.005 7
6	1.5	0.2	B	0.012 2
7	1.5	0.4	C	0.013 2
8	1.5	0.6	D	0.016 4
9	1.5	0.8	E	0.010 9
10	1.5	1.0	A	0.001 9
11	3.0	0.2	C	0.013 4
12	3.0	0.4	D	0.012 6
13	3.0	0.6	E	0.013 5
14	3.0	0.8	A	0.007 9
15	3.0	1.0	B	0.009 3
16	4.0	0.2	D	0.012 8
17	4.0	0.4	E	0.015 2
18	4.0	0.6	A	0.005 0
19	4.0	0.8	B	0.014 2
20	4.0	1.0	C	0.008 3
21	5.0	0.2	E	0.010 6
22	5.0	0.4	A	0.003 9
23	5.0	0.6	B	0.012 5
24	5.0	0.8	C	0.011 4
25	5.0	1.0	D	0.011 1

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表 5 平均信噪比

Table 5. Average signal-to-noise ratio

水平值	平均信噪比
水平值	飞沫喷射速度	新风速度	气流组织形式
1	219.98	218.45	226.00
2	221.07	219.32	218.05
3	219.10	219.10	218.78
4	219.77	219.64	218.36
5	220.75	224.16	219.47
信噪比极差值	1.97	5.71	7.95

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