不同物料堆肥过程中溶解性有机质和腐殖酸的物质结构演化时序差异分析

赵芹; 程东会; 王燕; 赵昕宇; 党秋玲

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221230

不同物料堆肥过程中溶解性有机质和腐殖酸的物质结构演化时序差异分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221230

赵芹^{1, 2,},
程东会¹,
王燕²,
赵昕宇²,
党秋玲^2, ,

1.
长安大学水利与环境学院
2.
中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（52000165）；国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC190060）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵芹（1996—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为固体废物处理与资源化，1623530977@qq.com

通讯作者:
党秋玲（1982—），女，高级工程师，博士，主要从事固体废物资源化研究，dangling819@126.com

中图分类号: X705
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-07
- 录用日期: 2023-04-18
- 修回日期: 2023-01-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-20

Analysis of the time series difference of the material structure evolution of DOM and humic acid during composting of different materials

ZHAO Qin^{1, 2
,},
CHENG Donghui¹,
WANG Yan²,
ZHAO Xinyu²,
DANG Qiuling^{2
, ,}

1.
School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University
2.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
以提取鸡粪未添加菌剂（CM）、鸡粪添加菌剂（CMB）及餐厨垃圾（FW）堆肥过程中提取的溶解性有机质（DOM）和腐殖酸（HA）为研究对象，利用荧光光谱平行因子分析及二维相关光谱分析对DOM和HA的物质结构及转化时序进行表征。结果表明：DOM的腐殖化指数（HIX）表现为CMB>CM>FW，FW堆肥有机质的自生源特性更强，CMB堆肥有机质腐殖化程度最高。与堆肥时间相比，DOM和HA的光谱结构特性对堆肥种类的响应更强烈；3种堆肥的DOM中，类蛋白组分相对浓度整体表现为CM>FW>CMB，类腐殖质组分表现为CMB>FW>CM；HA中，类蛋白组分相对浓度为CM>CMB（FW），类腐殖质组分表现为CMB(FW)>CM。二维相关光谱表明：鸡粪堆肥中，DOM各组分演化时序为类胡敏酸>类酪氨酸>类色氨酸>类富里酸，HA各组分表现为类酪氨酸>类富里酸>类色氨酸；餐厨垃圾堆肥中，DOM各组分演化时序为类色氨酸>类酪氨酸>类富里酸，HA各组分表现为类胡敏酸>类酪氨酸>类色氨酸>类富里酸。适当的含水率有利于DOM中类腐殖质物质的生成，氨氮（NH₄ ⁺-N）浓度的降低与鸡粪堆肥DOM中类蛋白物质的降解以及腐殖化程度的增强有关，硝氮（NO₃ ⁻-N）浓度与类腐殖质组分呈显著正相关；水溶性有机碳（DOC）浓度和含水率的降低可能标志着堆肥过程中HA的腐殖化程度增强。
- 溶解性有机质(DOM) /
- 腐殖酸(HA) /
- 鸡粪堆肥 /
- 餐厨垃圾堆肥 /
- 结构演化
Abstract:
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and humic acid (HA) were extracted from three composting processes of chicken manure without bacterial agent (CM), chicken manure with bacterial agent (CMB) and kitchen waste (FW). The material structure and transformation time sequence of DOM and HA were characterized by fluorescence spectrum parallel factor analysis and two-dimensional correlation spectrum analysis. The results showed that the humification index (HIX) value of DOM was CMB>CM>FW, FW compost had stronger autogenous source characteristics of organic matter, and CMB compost had the highest degree of organic matter humification. Compared to composting time, the spectral structural characteristics of DOM and HA had a stronger response to the type of compost; the relative contents of protein-like components in DOM of the three composts were CM>FW>CMB, and humus components showed CMB>FW>CM; the relative content of protein-like components in HA was CM>CMB(FW), and humus-like components showed CMB(FW)>CM. The two-dimensional correlation spectra showed that the evolution sequence of DOM components in chicken manure compost was as follows: humic acid-like>tyrosine-like>tryptophan-like>fulvic acid-like. The components of HA were as follows: tyrosine-like>fulvic acid-like>tryptophan-like; the evolution sequence of DOM components in kitchen waste was as follows: tryptophan-like>tyrosine-like>fulvic acid-like; the components of HA were as follows: humic acid-like>tyrosine-like>tryptophan-like>fulvic acid-like. Appropriate moisture content was conducive to the generation of humic-like substances in DOM. The decrease of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N) content was related to the degradation of protein-like substances and the enhancement of humic degree in DOM, and nitro-nitrogen (NO₃ ⁻-N) content was significantly positively correlated with humic-like components. A decrease in water-soluble organic carbon (DOC) and water content may signal increased HA humification during composting.
- dissolved organic matter (DOM) /
- humic acid (HA) /
- chicken manure compost /
- kitchen waste compost /
- structure evolution

HTML全文

图 1 3种堆肥DOM和HA中DOC浓度变化

Figure 1. DOC concentration changes of DOM and HA in three composts

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图 2 不同物料堆肥中DOM和HA的三维荧光组分

Figure 2. Three-dimensional fluorescence components of DOM and HA in compost of different materials

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图 3 不同物料堆肥DOM、HA荧光组分占比变化

Figure 3. Changes in the proportion of fluorescence components of DOM and HA in composts with different materials

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图 4 不同物料堆肥DOM、HA的二维相关光谱

注：红色代表正相关，蓝色代表负相关，颜色越深则相关性越强。

Figure 4. Two-dimensional correlation spectra of DOM and HA in composts of different materials

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图 5 堆肥DOM、HA荧光特征与理化性质的相关性分析

Figure 5. Correlation analysis between fluorescence characteristics and physicochemical properties of DOM and HA of compost

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表 1 堆肥物料基本理化指标

Table 1. Basic physiochemical indexes of compost materials

样品	pH	含水率/%	C/N	EC/（mS/cm）	有机质浓度/%	DOC浓度/（g/kg）
鸡粪	7.84±0.21	72.12±2.02	8.68±1.33	5.05±0.33	52.55±1.89	3.98±0.12
餐厨垃圾	5.32±0.16	87.67±3.85	14.84±1.49	6.21±0.45	64.43±2.21	4.66±0.17
稻壳	6.75±0.11	8.71±0.16	73.67±2.39	2.17±0.17	85.69±3.45	1.93±1.24

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表 2 堆肥样品理化特性

Table 2. Physiochemical properties of compost samples

样品	温度/℃	pH	含水率/%	NH₄ ⁺-N浓度/(g/kg)	NO₃ ⁻-N浓度/(g/kg)
CM1	30.66±1.45a	7.15±0.03a	59.56±1.63a	4.54±0.01a	1.43±0.16a
CM10	42.57±2.24b	7.59±0.42a	60.06±2.32a	5.10±0.12a	1.28±0.23a
CM20	69.35±2.17c	8.05±0.02a	53.59±4.16b	3.73±0.19a	1.64±0.19a
CM40	68.82±3.69c	7.86±0.35a	48.42±1.08c	2.41±0.15b	2.07±0.09a
CM60	35.69±2.11a	7.28±0.68a	43.28±2.06c	2.25±0.12b	2.35±0.31a
CMB1	29.78±0.79a	7.20±0.39a	61.75±2.11a	4.51±0.01a	1.75±0.07a
CMB10	45.12±1.87b	7.79±0.07a	57.64±3.02b	6.59±0.21d	1.93±0.19a
CMB20	72.01±3.33c	8.39±0.06a	55.29±4.22b	4.68±0.15a	2.01±0.11a
CMB40	69.22±4.75c	7.95±0.23a	50.30±2.98c	2.08±0.04c	2.29±0.14a
CMB60	33.56±3.34a	7.45±0.09a	40.58±1.69c	1.76±0.01c	2.52±0.07b
FW1	31.23±2.22a	6.74±0.02a	66.53±2.56a	2.61±0.05b	1.26±0.22a
FW10	40.16±3.21b	7.05±0.52a	68.65±3.18a	3.02±0.27b	1.97±0.16a
FW20	66.71±3.56c	7.83±0.19a	59.38±2.07b	2.69±0.02b	2.39±0.21a
FW40	65.33±4.72c	7.69±0.01a	46.22±4.18c	3.48±0.09b	2.52±0.07a
FW60	32.61±1.89a	7.60±0.04a	42.42±1.42c	2.38±0.07a	2.81±0.05a
注：数据为平均值±标准偏差；采用ANOVA分析各组间统计学差异，不同小写字母表示同种物料堆肥不同堆肥阶段之间理化特性存在显著差异（P<0.05，n=3）；样品编号CM、CMB、FW后的数字1、10、20、40、60分别表示取样时间为堆肥第1、10、20、40、60天。全文同。

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表 3 堆肥DOM、HA的荧光光谱参数

Table 3. Fluorescence spectrum parameters of compost DOM and HA

样品	DOM			HA
样品	FI	BIX	HIX	FI	BIX	HIX
CM1	1.932±0.014b	0.926±0.029b	0.220±0.002a	1.878±0.005a	0.853±0.004a	0.428±0.011a
CM10	1.868±0.004a	0.906±0.005b	0.241±0.001a	1.841±0.002a	0.879±0.001a	0.478±0.002a
CM20	1.884±0.006a	0.863±0.011a	0.260±0.002a	1.798±0.008a	0.812±0.001a	0.528±0.011b
CM40	1.881±0.019a	0.841±0.001a	0.267±0.005a	1.817±0.009a	0.799±0.025a	0.535±0.008b
CM60	1.872±0.028a	0.864±0.008a	0.313±0.004a	1.808±0.014a	0.768±0.002b	0.563±0.009c
CMB1	1.886±0.085a	0.819±0.021a	0.234±0.008a	1.728±0.002a	0.800±0.001a	0.556±0.006b
CMB10	1.857±0.028a	0.812±0.002a	0.293±0.007a	1.691±0.006b	0.745±0.005ab	0.532±0.018b
CMB20	1.861±0.019a	0.729±0.012c	0.406±0.012b	1.688±0.006b	0.654±0.002b	0.575±0.007b
CMB40	1.845±0.035a	0.778±0.003a	0.419±0.008b	1.672±0.005b	0.706±0.008a	0.625±0.018c
CMB60	1.857±0.071a	0.843±0.004a	0.414±0.005b	1.649±0.004b	0.729±0.002a	0.663±0.024c
FW1	1.974±0.004b	0.963±0.003b	0.185±0.003a	1.883±0.016a	0.900±0.013a	0.523±0.007a
FW10	1.942±0.006b	0.928±0.004b	0.189±0.001a	1.868±0.009a	0.880±0.006a	0.569±0.002a
FW20	1.954±0.006b	0.799±0.002a	0.209±0.007a	1.840±0.007a	0.829±0.002a	0.510±0.016a
FW40	1.930±0.005b	0.866±0.008a	0.252±0.003a	1.829±0.006a	0.822±0.005a	0.549±0.008b
FW60	1.884±0.018a	0.887±0.059a	0.304±0.012a	1.822±0.011a	0.809±0.009a	0.668±0.002b

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