河南某矿区周边优势植物重金属富集特征及其药用健康风险评价

常香玲

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221252

河南某矿区周边优势植物重金属富集特征及其药用健康风险评价

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221252

常香玲^{1, 2,}

1.
濮阳职业技术学院
2.
河南大学濮阳工学院

基金项目: 河南省科技攻关重点项目（122102310330）

详细信息

作者简介:
常香玲（1969—），女，副教授，主要从事生态毒理学研究，changxiangling1986@163.com

中图分类号: X53
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-14
- 录用日期: 2023-04-04
- 修回日期: 2023-04-03
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-29

Heavy metal enrichment characteristics and medicinal health risk assessment of dominant plants around a mining area in Henan Province

CHANG Xiangling^{1, 2
,}

1.
Puyang Vocational and Technical College
2.
Puyang College of Technology, Henan University

摘要

摘要:
筛选适宜矿业废弃地生长的药用植物并评价其重金属富集能力及药用风险，以实现在降低矿区重金属污染风险的同时提高土地利用效率。选取河南某矿区坡顶位置自然生长的9种优势药用植物，对整株植物及0~10 cm根际土进行采集，应用转运系数、生物富集系数、危害商法及人体健康风险评估模型开展分析，研究各植物对9种重金属的富集和转移特性，探讨药用植物对人体潜在的健康风险。结果表明：植物根际土壤中Cd、As有效态占比超过20%，存在中等风险；小飞蓬（Conyza canadensis）中As、Cu元素含量较高，白茅（Imperata cylindrica）、小飞蓬及狗尾草（Setaira viridis）中的Cr、Ni元素含量较高，白茅、小飞蓬及金银花（Lonicera japonica）中Pb元素含量较高；金银花还对土壤中Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Hg、Ag等元素有较强的吸附能力，艾草（Artemisia argyi）对Cr元素富集能力强，同时艾草及金银花重金属富集量对人体危害程度较低；小飞蓬、五节芒（Miscanthus floridulus）对土壤中Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Hg、Ag等重金属的吸附及转运能力较强，但其对人体健康风险较大；猪毛菜（Salsola collina）、盐肤木（Rhus chinensis）对Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Hg、Ag等重金属的吸附及转运能力较弱，对重金属具有耐受性，属于重金属低蓄积量植物。在今后研究及生态建设中，需要针对具体目的选择适宜的植物进行栽培及修复。
- 重金属 /
- 生物富集指数 /
- 危害指数 /
- 药用植物 /
- 健康风险
Abstract:
Screening medicinal plants suitable for growth in abandoned mining areas and evaluating their heavy metal enrichment ability and medicinal risks can provide the scientific basis for reducing the risk of heavy metal pollution in mining areas and improving land use efficiency. Nine dominant medicinal plants naturally growing at the top of the slope of a mining area in Henan Province were selected, and the whole plants and rhizosphere soil of 0-10 cm were collected. Using transport coefficient, bioenrichment coefficient, hazard quotient method and human health risk assessment model, the enrichment and transfer characteristics of each plant to the nine heavy metals were analyzed, and the potential health risks of medicinal plants to the human body were studied. The results showed that the proportion of available Cd and As in the rhizosphere soil was more than 20%, indicating a moderate risk. The contents of As and Cu were higher in Conyza canadensis; the contents of Cr and Ni were higher in Imperata cylindrica, Conyza canadensis and Setaira viridis; the contents of Pb were higher in Imperata cylindrica, Conyza canadensis and Lonicera japonica. Artemisia argyi had a strong enrichment ability of Cr, and Lonicera japonica had a strong adsorption ability of Cd, As, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ag and other elements in the soil. At the same time, Artemisia argyi and Lonicera japonica had a low degree of harm to the human body. Conyza canadensis and Miscanthus floridulus had a strong adsorption and transport ability of Cd, As, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ag and other heavy metals in soil, but they had great risks to human health. Salsola collina and Rhus chinensis had a weak adsorption and transport ability of heavy metals such as Cd, As, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ag, and they were tolerant to heavy metals, so they belonged to plants with low accumulation of heavy metals. In the future research and ecological construction, it was necessary to select suitable plants for cultivation and restoration for specific purposes.
- heavy metals /
- bioenrichment index /
- hazard index /
- medicinal plant /
- health risk

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图 1 植物不同部位重金属富集特征

Figure 1. Enrichment characteristics of heavy metals in different parts of plants

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图 2 根际土重金属各形态占比

Figure 2. Proportion of heavy metals in rhizosphere soil

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表 1 用于估算重金属风险的参数

Table 1. Parameters used for the estimation of risk for heavy metals

参数	参考剂量/ 〔mg/(kg·d)〕	重金属暴露倾斜系数/（kg·d/mg）	暴露时间/a	1
Cd	0.001	6.3	成人平均预期寿命/d	8 760
As	0.000 3	15.1	儿童平均预期寿命/d	2 190
Cu	0.04		成人体重/kg	76.71
Cr	0.005		儿童体重/kg	6.5
Ni	0.02		曝光频率/(d/a)	180
Pb	0.003 5
Hg	0.000 3
Ag	0.005

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表 2 不同植物的重金属转运系数（TF）及生物富集系数（BCF）

Table 2. Heavy metal transport coefficient (TF) and biological enrichment coefficient (BCF) of different plants

系数	植物	Cd	As	Cu	Cr	Ni	Pb	Hg	Ag
TF	野茼蒿	0.54±0.36	0.95±0.23	0.61±0.31	0.76±0.79	0.73±0.76	0.78±0.50	0.64±0.25	0.46±0.17
	金银花	1.23±0.07	1.62±0.05	2.77±0.38	1.60±0.15	2.04±0.74	2.28±0.23	1.02±0.02	2.84±0.46
	白茅	0.97±0.17	1.03±0.20	0.08±0.00	0.97±0.19	0.90±0.25	0.47±0.06	0.99±0.10	0.86±0.13
	猪毛菜	0.97±0.01	0.53±0.03	0.46±0.03	0.66±0.09	0.55±0.07	0.82±0.07	0.99±0.01	0.32±0.04
	狗尾草	1.57±0.23	1.23±0.11	1.16±0.04	0.53±0.02	0.59±0.03	2.13±0.03	1.28±0.03	0.52±0.12
	艾草	1.11±0.05	2.02±0.51	3.48±1.15	13.94±11.89	62.9±52.62	2.37±0.32	1.13±0.20	7.76±4.21
	五节芒	1.01±0.07	1.17±0.08	1.13±0.16	4.22±0.31	2.21±0.19	1.89±0.32	1.08±0.06	1.04±0.11
	盐肤木	0.96±0.02	0.77±0.05	0.70±0.03	0.15±0.00	0.05±0.01	0.60±0.03	1.04±0.06	0.76±0.08
	小飞蓬	0.87±0.02	0.23±0.02	0.22±0.02	0.61±0.06	0.46±0.04	0.25±0.01	0.85±0.05	0.12±0.01
BCF	野茼蒿	1.19±0.05	0.69±0.04	1.64±0.17	18.94±1.80	20.48±1.08	0.19±0.02	1.11±0.05	1.52±1.06
	金银花	1.02±0.03	0.51±0.04	0.92±0.09	7.47±0.73	8.12±0.86	0.83±1.05	0.97±0.03	0.33±0.03
	白茅	1.05±0.13	0.71±0.03	14.52±2.53	22.81±5.99	47.57±11.30	0.50±0.05	1.03±0.08	0.47±0.03
	猪毛菜	0.98±0.01	0.24±0.02	0.30±0.01	19.52±1.64	17.88±2.74	0.17±0.01	0.63±0.09	0.05±0.00
	狗尾草	0.66±0.10	0.29±0.01	0.82±0.03	151.43±6.46	190.37±13.29	0.10±0.00	0.67±0.02	1.81±0.57
	艾草	0.99±0.04	0.44±0.07	0.66±0.05	2.63±0.19	0.63±0.08	0.13±0.01	0.87±0.06	0.14±0.01
	五节芒	0.99±0.07	0.14±0.01	0.30±0.03	8.80±2.01	23.5±0.88	0.11±0.02	0.76±0.03	0.77±0.07
	盐肤木	0.99±0.09	0.35±0.05	0.28±0.02	11.74±1.01	13.25±1.96	0.23±0.03	0.79±0.17	0.12±0.01
	小飞蓬	1.12±0.06	1.20±0.06	1.15±0.01	31.95±2.08	40.06±7.03	0.68±0.02	1.24±0.10	1.06±0.04

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表 3 药用植物重金属对成人和儿童的危害指数（HI）及贡献率

Table 3. Hazard index (HI) and contribution rate of heavy metals to adults and children by medicinal plants

受体	植物	部位	致癌风险（CR）		危害指数 (HI)	各元素贡献率/%
受体	植物	部位	Cd	As	危害指数 (HI)	Cd	As	Cu	Cr	Ni	Pb	Hg	Ag
成人	野茼蒿	根系	2.07×10⁻⁵	3.52×10⁻⁴	0.42	0.79	18.57	0.38	40.39	5.73	0.50	4.06	29.58
	野茼蒿	地上部分	3.84×10⁻⁵	3.70×10⁻⁴	0.70	0.87	11.72	0.36	32.42	4.68	0.39	3.77	45.80
	金银花	根系	4.10×10⁻⁵	6.05×10⁻⁴	0.54	1.21	24.82	0.69	26.50	4.91	1.65	4.43	35.79
	金银花	地上部分	3.32×10⁻⁵	3.72×10⁻⁴	0.29	1.85	28.72	0.45	31.13	4.54	1.40	8.18	23.72
	白茅	根系	3.31×10⁻⁵	4.93×10⁻⁴	0.70	0.76	15.54	0.54	43.17	11.67	0.54	3.46	24.33
	白茅	地上部分	3.46×10⁻⁵	4.76×10⁻⁴	0.77	0.72	13.68	0.57	42.14	12.51	1.05	3.20	26.12
	猪毛菜	根系	3.36×10⁻⁵	3.81×10⁻⁴	0.30	1.74	27.65	0.53	27.42	2.86	0.79	7.92	31.10
	猪毛菜	地上部分	3.46×10⁻⁵	7.26×10⁻⁴	0.64	0.86	25.09	0.55	19.97	2.54	0.47	3.80	46.72
	狗尾草	根系	3.43×10⁻⁵	5.26×10⁻⁴	1.08	0.50	10.74	0.26	44.62	7.18	0.30	2.24	34.17
	狗尾草	地上部分	2.22×10⁻⁵	4.30×10⁻⁴	1.91	0.18	4.98	0.13	48.01	6.96	0.08	0.99	38.68
	艾草	根系	3.52×10⁻⁵	5.33×10⁻⁴	0.68	0.82	17.23	0.54	31.77	4.44	0.70	3.66	40.83
	艾草	地上部分	3.16×10⁻⁵	2.72×10⁻⁴	0.02	3.45	41.42	0.76	11.16	0.34	1.38	15.64	25.84
	五节芒	根系	3.43×10⁻⁵	6.36×10⁻⁴	0.82	0.66	17.21	0.43	31.79	6.20	0.50	3.11	40.09
	五节芒	地上部分	3.44×10⁻⁵	5.43×10⁻⁴	0.56	0.99	21.58	0.56	11.13	4.14	0.40	4.23	56.98
	盐肤木	根系	3.38×10⁻⁵	5.06×10⁻⁴	0.35	1.55	32.03	0.95	4.33	0.17	0.77	6.87	53.34
	盐肤木	地上部分	3.54×10⁻⁵	6.57×10⁻⁴	0.54	1.03	26.73	0.88	18.49	2.45	0.81	4.26	45.35
	小飞蓬	根系	3.29×10⁻⁵	4.24×10⁻⁴	0.60	0.87	15.61	0.28	36.88	5.11	0.45	4.28	36.52
	小飞蓬	地上部分	3.80×10⁻⁵	1.82×10⁻⁴	2.69	0.22	14.92	0.29	13.56	2.51	0.41	1.12	66.97
儿童	野茼蒿	根系	9.79×10⁻³	1.66×10⁻²	19.77	0.79	18.58	0.38	40.4	5.72	0.50	4.05	29.58
	野茼蒿	地上部分	1.81×10⁻³	1.75×10⁻²	32.96	0.87	11.71	0.36	32.42	4.68	0.39	3.77	45.80
	金银花	根系	1.94×10⁻³	2.85×10⁻²	25.39	1.21	24.82	0.70	26.50	4.90	1.66	4.42	35.79
	金银花	地上部分	1.57×10⁻³	1.76×10⁻²	13.51	1.84	28.72	0.47	31.14	4.54	1.38	8.16	23.74
	白茅	根系	1.56×10⁻³	2.33×10⁻²	33.04	0.75	15.54	0.54	43.18	11.67	0.54	3.45	24.33
	白茅	地上部分	1.63×10⁻³	2.25×10⁻²	36.26	0.72	13.68	0.57	42.14	12.52	1.05	3.20	26.12
	猪毛菜	根系	1.59×10⁻³	1.80×10⁻²	14.36	1.75	27.65	0.53	27.40	2.87	0.80	7.91	31.08
	猪毛菜	地上部分	1.63×10⁻³	3.43×10⁻²	30.15	0.86	25.10	0.54	19.98	2.53	0.46	3.80	46.73
	狗尾草	根系	1.62×10⁻³	2.48×10⁻²	51.03	0.50	10.74	0.26	44.62	7.18	0.30	2.23	34.16
	狗尾草	地上部分	1.05×10⁻³	2.03×10⁻²	90.09	0.18	4.98	0.13	48.01	6.96	0.08	0.99	38.67
	艾草	根系	1.66×10⁻³	2.51×10⁻²	32.21	0.82	17.23	0.54	31.77	4.44	0.70	3.67	40.83
	艾草	地上部分	1.49×10⁻³	1.29×10⁻²	1.06	3.46	41.43	0.74	11.19	0.35	1.40	15.61	25.81
	五节芒	根系	1.62×10⁻³	3.00×10⁻²	38.51	0.67	17.21	0.43	31.78	6.21	0.50	3.12	40.08
	五节芒	地上部分	1.62×10⁻³	2.56×10⁻²	26.22	0.98	21.58	0.56	11.13	4.14	0.40	4.24	56.97
	盐肤木	根系	1.59×10⁻³	2.39×10⁻²	16.48	1.53	32.02	0.96	4.34	0.17	0.77	6.86	53.35
	盐肤木	地上部分	1.67×10⁻³	3.10×10⁻²	25.61	1.03	26.73	0.89	18.49	2.45	0.82	4.25	45.34
	小飞蓬	根系	1.55×10⁻³	2.00×10⁻²	28.34	0.87	15.60	0.29	36.87	5.12	0.45	4.29	36.51
	小飞蓬	地上部分	1.79×10⁻³	8.58×10⁻²	126.96	0.22	14.92	0.29	13.56	2.51	0.41	1.12	66.97

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