典型城市道路交通加密监测点大气污染特征及影响因素

张永林; 吴睿; 杨孝文; 杨道源; 李悦; 王人洁; 徐洪磊

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221266

典型城市道路交通加密监测点大气污染特征及影响因素

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20221266

张永林^{1, 2,},
吴睿^{1, 2, ,},
杨孝文^{1, 2},
杨道源^{1, 2},
李悦^{1, 2},
王人洁^{1, 2},
徐洪磊^{1, 2}

1.
交通运输部规划研究院
2.
交通运输部规划研究院交通排放控制监测技术实验室

基金项目: 2022年北京市东城区科技计划项目（2022-1-010）；国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3703600）

详细信息

作者简介:
张永林(1990—)，女，工程师，主要从事交通领域大气环境影响研究，674057237@qq.com

通讯作者:
吴睿(1985—)，男，高级工程师，主要从事交通大气污染防治、交通排放监测监管研究，wurui@tpri.org.cn

中图分类号: X51
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-20
- 录用日期: 2023-04-10
- 修回日期: 2023-04-06

Research on air pollution characteristics and influencing factors of typical urban road traffic densified monitoring stations

ZHANG Yonglin^{1, 2
,},
WU Rui^{1, 2
, ,},
YANG Xiaowen^{1, 2},
YANG Daoyuan^{1, 2},
LI Yue^{1, 2},
WANG Renjie^{1, 2},
XU Honglei^{1, 2}

1.
Transport Planning and Research Institute, Ministry of Transport
2.
Laboratory of Transport Pollution Control and Monitoring Technology, Transport Planning and Research Institute, Ministry of Transport

摘要

摘要:
基于“十四五”生态环境监测要求，针对目前国内城市道路交通加密监测点大气污染特征及影响因素相对缺乏这一问题，以移动源为主要大气污染来源的甘肃省兰州市为例，在典型道路两侧不同点位、不同高度监测6种常规大气污染物浓度及气象参数，同时获取道路车流量和车型信息，探究其大气污染特征及影响因素。结果表明：道路两侧及道路同侧不同高度处大气污染物监测浓度均存在差异。PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度随高度升高而逐渐降低，在2 m高度处最高，SO₂、NO₂、CO、O₃浓度均呈现随高度先升高再降低的趋势，在4 m高度处最高。SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5、PM₁₀、CO小时浓度在05:00—09:00达到峰值，在15:00—17:00达到谷值；而O₃小时浓度峰谷值的时间恰好相反。NO₂、CO浓度受车流量影响较大，代表时段NO₂浓度与重型货车流量表现出极强的相关性，CO浓度与小型客车流量表现出强相关性。监测时段6种污染物日均浓度与相对湿度均呈负相关；NO₂、PM_2.5、PM₁₀、CO日均浓度与风速均呈负相关，O₃日均浓度与风速呈正相关。
- 道路交通 /
- 加密监测点 /
- 大气污染特征 /
- 车流量 /
- 气象要素
Abstract:
Based on the requirements of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) of ecological environment monitoring, aiming at the lack of study about air pollution characteristics and influencing factors of typical urban road traffic densified monitoring stations in China, the concentrations of six conventional air pollutants and meteorological parameters were monitored at different points and heights on both sides of typical roads in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, where mobile sources were the main source of air pollution. Meanwhile, road traffic flow and vehicle type information were acquired to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of air pollution. The results showed that there existed differences in the concentrations of air pollutants on both sides of the road and at different locations on the same side of the road. The concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ declined with the height of the monitoring sites increasing, peaking at 2-meter height, whereas SO₂, NO₂, CO, and O₃ showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with height, reaching their highest concentrations at 4-meter height. Hourly concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and CO peaked at 05:00 to 09:00 and troughed at 15:00 to 17:00; while O₃ peaked and troughed at exactly the opposite time. The concentrations of NO₂ and CO were greatly affected by the traffic flow. Furthermore, NO₂ concentrations had a very strong correlation with the volume of heavy-duty trucks and CO concentrations had a strong correlation with the volume of light-duty passenger vehicles during the representative time period. During the monitoring period the daily average concentrations of the six pollutants were negatively correlated with relative humidity; the daily average concentrations of NO₂, PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and CO were negatively correlated with wind speed, while O₃ was positively correlated with wind speed.
- road traffic /
- densified monitoring sites /
- air pollution characteristics /
- traffic flow /
- meteorological factors

HTML全文

图 1 道路交通加密监测点点位示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of road densified traffic monitoring sites

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图 2 道路交通加密监测垂直高度布点示意

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of vertical height distribution points of road densified traffic monitoring sites

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图 3 不同道路交通加密监测点的大气污染物平均浓度

Figure 3. Average mass concentration of air pollutants at different road traffic densified monitoring sites

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图 4 不同道路交通加密监测点的NO₂因子风向玫瑰图

注：图中数值表示风向频率，%。

Figure 4. NO₂ factor wind rose chart at different road traffic densified monitoring sites

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图 5 不同高度道路交通加密监测点的大气污染物浓度变化

Figure 5. Variation of mass concentration of air pollutants at road traffic densified monitoring sites at different heights

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图 6 1—30日道路交通加密监测点的大气污染物浓度变化

Figure 6. Variation of mass concentration of air pollutants at road traffic densified monitoring sites from Day 1 to 30

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图 7 道路交通加密监测点的大气污染物小时浓度变化

Figure 7. Variation of hourly mass concentration of air pollutants at road traffic densified monitoring sites

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图 8 道路交通加密监测点的大气污染物工作日与周末浓度变化

Figure 8. Weekday/weekend mass concentration of air pollutants at road traffic densified monitoring sites

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图 9 佛慈大街不同车型车流量统计

Figure 9. Traffic flow statistics of different models in Foci Street

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图 10 监测时段日均风速、相对湿度、温度变化

Figure 10. Changes of average daily wind speed, relative humidity and temperature during the monitoring period

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图 11 道路交通加密监测点NO₂、CO浓度与车流量变化

Figure 11. Variation of daily average NO₂, CO concentration and cumulative vehicle flow at road traffic densified monitoring sites

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图 12 1—5日道路交通加密监测点NO₂、CO浓度与车流量相关性

Figure 12. Correlation between daily average NO₂, CO concentrations and cumulative vehicle flow at road traffic densified monitoring sites from Day 1 to 5

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图 13 25—30日道路交通加密监测点NO₂、CO浓度与车流量相关性

Figure 13. Correlation between daily average NO₂, CO concentrations and cumulative vehicle flow at road traffic densified monitoring sites from Day 25 to 30

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图 14 风速和PM_2.5浓度、相对湿度和NO₂浓度相关性

Figure 14. Correlation between wind speed and daily average PM_2.5 concentration, relative humidity and daily average NO₂ concentration

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表 1 道路交通加密监测点经纬度信息

Table 1. Longitude and latitude information of road densified traffic monitoring sites

监测点	东经/（°）	北纬/（°）
V1	103.836 8	36.084 1
V2	103.836 8	36.083 6
V3	103.838 2	36.086 4
V4	103.837 8	36.086 5

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表 2 不同道路交通加密监测点的大气污染物日均浓度范围

Table 2. Range of daily average concentration of air pollutants at different road densified traffic monitoring sites

监测点	SO₂日均浓度/ （μg/m³）	NO₂日均浓度/ （μg/m³）	PM_2.5日均浓度/ （μg/m³）	PM₁₀日均浓度/ （μg/m³）	CO日均浓度/ （mg/m³）	O₃日均浓度/ （μg/m³）
V1	2.2~7.8	27.1~67.1	15.7~32.0	42.7~101.5	0.371~0.713	76.9~124.0
V2	4.1~7.0	25.0~51.4	16.4~32.8	43.4~90.9	0.352~0.636	66.8~109.4
V3	5.2~10.9	29.2~75.2	19.4~37.5	39.9~107.2	0.407~0.848	67.3~119.9
V4	4.9~8.9	23.6~74.2	16.5~33.2	33.9~98.5	0.375~0.813	68.9~114.1

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表 3 道路交通加密监测点大气污染物浓度与气象要素的Pearson相关系数

Table 3. Pearson correlation coefficient between mass concentration of air pollutants and meteorological elements at road traffic densified monitoring sites

气象要素	SO₂	NO₂	PM_2.5	PM₁₀	CO	O₃
风速	0.01	−0.30	−0.59	−0.52	−0.27	0.40
相对湿度	−0.38	−0.67	−0.23	−0.64	−0.28	−0.53
温度	0.17	0.38	−0.24	0.16	0.16	0.60

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