Study on the comprehensive utilization of nutrients in the anaerobic digestion process of kitchen waste
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摘要:
餐厨垃圾产量大、危害大、回收价值高，合理利用其中磷的资源价值，可规避其污染风险。综合利用情景分析与物质流分析方法，基于情景分析和养分流动概念模型，对苏南地区餐厨垃圾厌氧消化副产物以3种情景进行处理〔沼液进行水处理，沼渣焚烧（情景1，S1）；沼液还田，沼渣制有机肥（情景2，S2）；沼液进行水处理，沼渣制有机肥（情景3，S3）〕，以100 t的餐厨垃圾处理规模为参考，分析总磷（TP）的物质流。结果表明：S1的餐厨垃圾中有0.99 kg TP还田，最终有0.96 kg TP进入水稻；S2的餐厨垃圾中有64.05 kg TP还田，最终有62.10 kg TP进入水稻；S3的餐厨垃圾中有8.67 kg TP还田，最终有8.49 kg TP进入水稻。结合经济性能对3种情景进行综合评价，发现S2为餐厨垃圾资源化的最优模式，TP的资源化利用率为91.53%，远高于S1和S3。
Abstract:The output of kitchen waste is large, the recycling value is high, the harm is great, and it is urgent to rationally utilize the value of its phosphorus resources to avoid its pollution risk. Scenario analysis and material flow analysis methods were comprehensively used and, based on the scenario analysis concept model and nutrient flow concept model, the material flow analysis of total phosphorus (TP) was conducted for three by-product treatment scenarios of anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste in southern Jiangsu Province. Among the scenarios, Scenario 1 (S1) was water treatment of biogas slurry and biogas residue incineration, Scenario 2 (S2) was biogas slurry returned to the field and biogas residue to organic fertilizer, and Scenario 3 (S3) was water treatment of biogas slurry and biogas residue to organic fertilizer. Taking the 100 t scale of kitchen waste treatment as a reference, the results showed that for S1, 0.99 kg of TP in the kitchen waste was returned to the field, and finally 0.96 kg TP entered the rice. For S2, 64.05 kg of TP was returned to the field in the kitchen waste, and 62.10 kg TP eventually entered the rice. For S3, 8.67 kg of TP was returned to the field in the kitchen waste, and eventually 8.49 kg TP entered the rice. Combined with the economic performance, the three scenarios were comprehensively evaluated, and it was found that S2 was the optimal mode of kitchen waste resource utilization, and the resource utilization rate of TP was 91.53%, which was much higher than that of S1 and S3.
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Key words:
- kitchen waste /
- biogas slurry /
- biogas residue /
- substance flow analysis /
- scenario analysis
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图 1 不同餐厨垃圾资源化情景模型
Figure 1. Scenario model for resource utilization of different kitchen waste
图 4 不同情景餐厨废物资源化全过程TP流动
Figure 4. TP flow of the whole process of kitchen waste recycling in different scenarios
表 1 试验材料、中间产物、产品和不同沼渣沼液处理情景中的质量和营养浓度
Table 1. Quality and nutrient concentration of experimental materials, intermediate products, products and different biogas slurry treatment scenarios
项目 质量/kg TN浓度/
(g/kg)TP浓度/
(g/kg)含水率/% 试验材料 餐厨垃圾 100 2.20 0.68 80 冲洗水 15 100 预处理残渣 有机残渣 8 5.53 0.6 75 无机残渣 1.9 ≤70 有机残渣 毛油 2.1 0.7 虫粪 1.68 4.01 0.59 65 其他 1.6 23.44 2.4 60 沼渣及沼液
分离物消化液 95.5 2.67 0.61 98 沼液 92.3 2.7 0.6 98.5 沼渣 3.2 26.24 7.68 80 S1 虫粪有机肥 0.27 16.2 3.68 23 水处理废水 88.3 0.07 0.008 99.5 水处理污泥 3.4 21.44 16.07 80 S2 虫粪有机肥 0.27 16.2 3.68 23 沼渣有机肥 1.07 20.31 7.18 30 沼液有机肥 92.3 2.7 0.6 98.5 S3 虫粪有机肥 0.27 16.2 3.68 23 水处理污泥 3.4 21.44 16.07 99.5 沼渣有机肥 1.07 20.31 7.18 30 水处理废水 88.3 0.07 0.008 99.5 
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表 2 经济性能分析指标
Table 2. Economic performance analysis indicators
处理类型 成本/（元/t） 利润/（元/t） 沼液水处理 300 0 沼渣焚烧 300 0 沼液还田 60 0 沼渣堆肥 150 460
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处理情景 技术路径 处理量/t 产品量/t 成本/元 利润/元 净收益/元 S1 沼液水处理 92.3 27 690 0 −28 650.0 沼渣焚烧 3.2 960 0 S2 沼液还田 92.3 5 538 0 −5 525.8 沼渣堆肥 3.2 1.07 480 492.2 S3 沼液水处理 92.3 27 690 0 −27 677.8 沼渣堆肥 3.2 1.07 480 492.2
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表 4 S2沼液还田处理成本
Table 4. Sensitivity analysis of S2 biogas slurry returning to the field
元 沼液还田处理量/t 单位处理成本/（元/t） 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 73.80 3 542.40 3 763.80 3 985.20 4 206.60 4 428.00 4 649.40 4 870.80 5 092.20 5 313.60 78.46 3 766.08 4 001.46 4 236.84 4 472.22 4 707.60 4 942.98 5 178.36 5 413.74 5 649.12 83.07 3 987.36 4 236.57 4 485.78 4 734.99 4 984.20 5 233.41 5 482.62 5 731.83 5 981.04 87.70 4 209.60 4 472.70 4 735.80 4 998.90 5 262.00 5 525.10 5 788.20 6 051.30 6 314.40 92.30 4 430.40 4 707.30 4 984.20 5 261.10 5 538.00 5 814.90 6 091.80 6 368.70 6 645.60 96.92 4 652.16 4 942.92 5 233.68 5 524.44 5 815.20 6 105.96 6 396.72 6 687.48 6 978.24 101.53 4 873.44 5 178.03 5 482.62 5 787.21 6 091.80 6 396.39 6 700.98 7 005.57 7 310.16 106.15 5 095.20 5 413.65 5 732.10 6 050.55 6 369.00 6 687.45 7 005.90 7 324.35 7 642.80 110.76 5 316.48 5 648.76 5 981.04 6 313.32 6 645.60 6 977.88 7 310.16 7 642.44 7 974.72
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