气溶胶吸湿性的影响因素及其对光学特性的影响

陈建华; 沈毅成; 迟翔予; 竹双

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230052

气溶胶吸湿性的影响因素及其对光学特性的影响

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230052

环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目 (2022YFC3703400)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈建华（1970—），女，研究员，博士，主要从事大气环境化学研究，chenjh@craes.org.cn

通讯作者:
迟翔予（2000—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事大气科学研究，cxy_0211@163.com

中图分类号: X51
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-19
- 录用日期: 2023-06-12
- 修回日期: 2023-02-03
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-01

Factors influencing the hygroscopicity of aerosols and the effects of hygroscopicity on aerosol optical properties

State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
吸湿性是气溶胶重要的理化性质之一，气溶胶吸湿增长不仅会通过大气辐射效应影响气候，还对大气能见度有重要影响。介绍了气溶胶粒径吸湿增长与散射吸湿增长的概念，总结了测量气溶胶吸湿增长的方法，分析了粒径、化学组分、污染条件和混合状态对吸湿性的影响。结果表明：气溶胶的吸湿增长会使颗粒物含水量增多，改变气溶胶消光能力，从而对大气能见度以及气溶胶辐射强迫造成影响。未来，建议着重关注高相对湿度（相对湿度大于95%）下的气溶胶吸湿增长，加强气溶胶吸湿增长的垂直观测研究，并广泛开展吸湿和脱水2种环境下的气溶胶散射吸湿增长的测量和研究。
- 气溶胶 /
- 吸湿性 /
- 影响因素 /
- 光学特性 /
- 能见度 /
- 辐射强迫
Abstract:
The hygroscopicity is one of the important physicochemical properties of aerosols, which not only affects the climate through atmospheric radiation effects, but also has an important impact on atmospheric visibility. The concepts of aerosol particle size hygroscopic growth and scattered hygroscopic growth were introduced, the methods for measuring aerosol hygroscopic growth were summarized and the effects of particle size, chemical compositions, pollution conditions and mixing state on hygroscopicity were analyzed. It was found that the hygroscopic growth of aerosols could increase the water content of particles and affect the aerosol extinction capacity, thus affecting atmospheric visibility and aerosol radiative forcing. In the future, it was recommended to focus on aerosol hygroscopic growth at high relative humidity (>95%), strengthen vertical observation research on aerosol hygroscopic growth, and widely carry out the measurement and research on aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth under both hygroscopic and dehydrated conditions.
- aerosol /
- hygroscopicity /
- influencing factors /
- optical properties /
- visibility /
- radiative forcing

HTML全文

表 1 气溶胶吸湿性测量方法总结

Table 1. Summary of techniques for aerosol hygroscopicity measurements

测量方法	原理	粒径范围	测量参数	优点	缺点	数据来源
电动力学天平法	通过调节电场使单个带电粒子悬浮，令其电场力与重力平衡	1~100 μm	不同RH下悬浮颗粒质量变化	可以测量单颗粒的质量吸湿性，与样品的形态无关	对复杂混合的样品不能准确测量	文献[33]
光悬浮法	激光强度的变化使颗粒移至焦点，散射力与梯度力达到平衡	2~20 μm	不同RH下悬浮颗粒粒径变化	颗粒物呈悬浮态，减少了基底接触的影响	对复杂的实际大气不能准确测量	文献[34]
吸湿性串联差分电迁移率分析仪	测量不同RH下气溶胶电迁移率粒径的变化	<1 μm	不同RH下气溶胶粒径变化	可以得到气溶胶的粒径分布情况，广泛应用于实验室与外场观测	价格昂贵，对于低RH下难溶有机物的粒径测量不够精确	文献[29]
吸湿性浊度仪	测量不同RH下的气溶胶散射系数的变化	几μm~几nm	不同RH下气溶胶散射系数的变化	高时间分辨率，从整体上研究气溶胶吸湿增长，对评估能见度与辐射强迫有重要意义	加湿效率较低，对于非球形粒子的测量不够精确	文献[35-36]
电子显微镜	监测不同RH下颗粒物形态的高分辨率图像，分为扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜	>10 nm	不同RH下颗粒物形态大小、混合状态的变化	较为直观地表征颗粒物吸湿前后形态大小的变化	不能精确测量吸水量	文献[37-38]
原子力显微镜	监测不同RH下颗粒物形态的高分辨率图像	>10 nm	不同RH下颗粒物形态大小、混合状态的变化	较为直观地表征颗粒物吸湿前后形态大小的变化，可在常压条件下监测	成像范围小，效率低，受探针影响大	文献[39]
傅里叶变换红外光谱法	测量颗粒物吸收干涉光路的能量，通过傅里叶变换得到不同RH红外光谱图		不同RH下颗粒物的红外光谱	准确表征颗粒物在吸水过程中的红外吸收光谱变化，测量速度快	不能给出定量的结果	文献[40-41]
拉曼光谱法	测量颗粒物不同RH下的拉曼光谱，对红外光谱进行补充		不同RH下颗粒物的拉曼光谱	准确表征颗粒物在吸水过程中的拉曼光谱变化，对晶体结构敏感	对低吸湿性颗粒测量不够准确	文献[42]

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