平原河网地区闸控型河道生态修复效果评价

范业弘; 何岩; 朱晗彬; 赵凯豪; 顾敦罡; 黄民生; 何培民; 徐兵兵; 何文辉

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230104

平原河网地区闸控型河道生态修复效果评价

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230104

范业弘^{1, 2,},
何岩^{1, 2, 3, ,},
朱晗彬^{1, 2},
赵凯豪^{1, 2},
顾敦罡^{4, 5},
黄民生^{1, 2, 3},
何培民⁴,
徐兵兵⁴,
何文辉⁴

1.
上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室, 华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院
2.
崇明生态研究院
3.
自然资源部大都市区国土空间生态修复工程技术创新中心
4.
上海河湖生物链构建与资源化利用工程技术研究中心
5.
上海工程技术大学化学化工学院

基金项目: 上海市科技计划项目（20DZ2250700）；国家自然科学基金项目(41877477)；自然资源部大都市区国土空间生态修复工程技术创新项目（CXZX2021B02）；上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室主任基金项目（SHUES2022C01）

详细信息

作者简介:
范业弘（1998—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为水环境治理与修复，fanyh980718@163.com

通讯作者:
何岩（1978—），女，教授，研究方向为水环境治理与修复，yhe@des.ecnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X82
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- PDF下载量: 59
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-12
- 录用日期: 2023-05-26
- 修回日期: 2023-05-25

Evaluation on ecological restoration effect of gate-controlled river in plain river network area

FAN Yehong^{1, 2
,},
HE Yan^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
ZHU Hanbin^{1, 2},
ZHAO Kaihao^{1, 2},
GU Dungang^{4, 5},
HUANG Minsheng^{1, 2, 3},
HE Peimin⁴,
XU Bingbing⁴,
HE WenHui⁴

1.
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University
2.
Institute of Eco-Chongming
3.
Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-Restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources
4.
Shanghai River and Lake Biological Chain Construction and Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center
5.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science

摘要

摘要:
针对城市河道治理后反复出现水华现象的问题，以上海市青浦区小涞港河段为研究区域，基于层次分析法和熵权法的组合赋权法，参考相关研究并结合实地调查，优化选取水质、底泥、护岸等相关指标建立评价指标体系，进行河道生态修复效果评价。结果表明：较高的硝酸盐浓度〔NO₃ ⁻-N浓度为（3.055±2.863）mg/L，其与叶绿素a浓度显著相关，r=0.36，P<0.05〕是闸控型平原河网水系河流重要的水华潜在风险因素，建议结合现有闸泵工程活水畅流技术，进一步优化曝气方式，创造合适的缺氧微环境以及通过硫、铁元素耦合强化总氮去除；河道底泥以营养盐污染〔内源氮浓度为（2 171.99±1 664.40）mg/kg〕为主，现有沉水植物种类较为单一，易产生丝状藻华孳生现象，建议增加沉水植物的种类并进行合理配置，降低底泥营养盐污染，增强以沉水植物为核心的水生生态系统稳定性；采用的浆砌混凝土硬质护岸对雨水径流污染的净化拦截能力严重不足，建议适当拓宽河道，对护岸进行生态化改造，选择合理的填料基质和植被配置，以强化护岸对面源污染的截留功能。
- 闸控型河道 /
- 组合赋权法 /
- 河流健康评定 /
- 生态修复 /
- 生态系统重构
Abstract:
To confront the problem of repeated bloom after urban river control, the Xiaolaigang reach in Qingpu District of Shanghai was taken as the research area and the river ecological restoration effect was evaluated. Based on the combination of analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight methods, referring to relevant studies and field investigations, the evaluation index system was established by optimizing and selecting relevant indicators such as water quality, sediment, and bank protection. The results showed high nitrate content of (3.055±2.863) mg/L, which was significantly correlated with chlorophyll a (r=0.36, P<0.05), was an important potential risk factor for blooms in the gate-controlled plain river network. The aeration mode could be further optimized to create a suitable anoxic microenvironment and enhance total nitrogen removal by coupling sulfur and iron elements, in combination with the existing sluice pump engineering live water smooth flow technology. The sediment of river channel was mainly polluted by nutrient salt with the endogenous nitrogen content of (2171.99±1 664.40) mg/kg. The existing submerged plant species were relatively simple, which was easy to produce filamentous algal blooms. The species of submerged plants could be increased, and the rational allocation could reduce the nutrient salt pollution of the sediment and enhance the stability of the aquatic ecosystem with submerged plants as the core. The purification and interception ability of rainwater runoff pollution by the slurry concrete rigid bank revetment was seriously insufficient. Therefore, the river channel could be properly widened, the ecological transformation of the bank revetment could be carried out, and reasonable filler matrix and vegetation allocation could be selected to strengthen the interception function of the bank revetment on non-point source pollution.
- gate-controlled river /
- combination weighting method /
- river health assessment /
- ecological restoration /
- ecosystem reconstruction.

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图 1 小涞港河段采样点位

Figure 1. Sampling sites of Xiaolaigang reach

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图 2 组合赋权法流程

Figure 2. Combined weighting process

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图 3 影响水华的关键水质指标相关性分析

注：*、**、***分别表示在0.05、0.01、0.001水平相关性显著。

Figure 3. Correlation analysis of key water quality indices affecting bloom

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图 4 不同季节细化准则层得分

Figure 4. Scores of refinement criterion layer in different seasons

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表 1 小涞港河段健康评价指标体系

Table 1. Health evaluation index system of Xiaolaigang reach

目标层	准则层	细化准则层	指标层	组合赋权权重
A（河流健康）	A1（水）	B1〔水文完整性^[22] （物理）〕	C1 （流量）	0.054 6
		B1〔水文完整性^[22] （物理）〕	C2 （流速）	0.071 5
		B2〔水质（化学）〕	C3 （综合水质标识指数^[23-24]）	0.067 4
		B2〔水质（化学）〕	C4 〔综合营养状态指数（TLI）^[25]〕	0.077 9
	A2（河岸）	B3（河岸带^[20]）	C5 （河岸稳定性）	0.060 8
			C6 （河岸带人工干扰程度）	0.040 5
			C7 （河岸带植被覆盖度）	0.043 0
	A3（底泥）	B4（底泥）	C8 〔综合污染指数（FF）^[26-28]〕	0.070 2
			C9 〔污染负荷指数（PLI）^[29]〕	0.038 6
			C10〔潜在生态风险指数（RI）^[30]〕	0.040 9
	A4（生物）	B5（大型底栖无脊椎动物^[31]）	C11 〔Shannon指数（He）〕	0.047 7
			C12 〔Simpson指数（D）〕	0.046 2
			C13 〔Pielou指数（Je）〕	0.048 8
		B6（鱼类^[31]）	C14 （He）	0.125 3
			C15 （D）	0.124 8
			C16 （Je）	0.041 7
注：A4（生物）赋分标准如表2所示，其余指标赋分方法及标准取自参考文献；大型底栖无脊椎动物，下文简称底栖。

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表 2 生物指标赋分标准

Table 2. Scoring criteria for biological indicators

赋分标准	He	D	Je
0~20	0≤He≤0.2×ln S_i	0≤D≤0.2×(1−1/S_i)	0<Je≤0.2
20~40	0.2×ln S_i<He≤0.4×ln S_i	0.2×(1−1/S_i)<D≤0.4× (1−1/ S_i)	0.2<Je≤0.4
40~60	0.4×ln S_i<He≤0.6×ln S_i	0.4×(1−1/ S_i)<D≤0.6× (1−1/ S_i)	0.4<Je≤0.6
60~80	0.6×ln S_i<He≤0.8×ln S_i	0.6×(1−1/ S_i)<D≤0.8×(1−1/ S_i)	0.6<Je≤0.8
80~100	0.8×ln S_i<He≤ln S_i	0.8×(1−1/ S_i)<D≤(1−1/ S_i)	0.8<Je≤1
注：He为Shannon指数；D为Simpson指数；Je为Pielou指数；S_i为第i个物种的物种数目，i=1，2，…，n。

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表 3 底泥污染风险评价

Table 3. Risk assessment of sediment pollution

采样点	FF		PLI		RI
采样点	数值	等级	数值	等级	数值	等级
XLG-1	2.717	重度污染，Ⅳ类	1.194	中等污染，Ⅱ类	118.577	中等生态风险，Ⅱ类
XLG-2	2.503	重度污染，Ⅳ类	0.974	无污染，Ⅰ类	95.405	中等生态风险，Ⅱ类
XLG-3	3.289	重度污染，Ⅳ类	1.173	中等污染，Ⅱ类	128.725	中等生态风险，Ⅱ类
XLG-4	3.886	重度污染，Ⅳ类	1.185	中等污染，Ⅱ类	109.966	中等生态风险，Ⅱ类
XLG-5	3.449	重度污染，Ⅳ类	1.555	中等污染，Ⅱ类	164.161	中等生态风险，Ⅱ类

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表 4 四季河流健康状态综合评价指数（RHI）

Table 4. Comprehensive evaluation index RHI of river health status in four seasons

点位名称	春	夏	秋	冬
XLG-1	74.9	54.1	80.5	67.4
XLG-2	83.8	56.0	80.8	71.1
XLG-3	61.0	52.9	79.4	71.4
XLG-4	61.7	50.7	77.5	72.1
XLG-5	47.9	43.4	56.8	63.8
RHI综合分值	65.9	51.4	75.0	69.2
健康等级	健康	亚健康	健康	健康

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