Analysis of fixation effect and mechanism of phosphorus in phosphogypsum by multiple substances combination
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摘要:
采用微生物-植物联用的磷石膏无害化处理方法，在磷石膏渣场土壤中富集筛选出2种聚磷菌，通过鉴定得知分别是假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)和恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)。将生石灰改性的磷石膏与少量土壤按质量比混合后，与已经配置的有机肥-微生物液体菌剂均匀混合，按不同混合比例放入渗滤土柱装置中并在表层种植高羊茅，底部收集渗滤液，通过钼酸铵分光光度法测量液体中总磷浓度变化，磷石膏∶土∶生石灰∶有机肥∶微生物∶草籽质量比为7∶3∶0.2∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03的组磷浸出浓度在1 mg/L以下，质量比为8∶2∶0.2∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03的组浸出液总磷浓度不超过4 mg/L，对比新鲜磷石膏浸出液总磷浓度（633.9 mg/L），多物质联合处理磷石膏中磷的固定率达到99%。筛选的菌株在混合土壤中存活量最高可达6.4×106 cfu/mL且活菌数量随时间保持稳定或缓慢增长趋势。为解决磷石膏堆积区磷浸出浓度超标的问题以及磷石膏无害化处理提供了有效支撑。
Abstract:Two phospho-accumulating bacteria were enriched and screened in the soil of the slag field by the harmless treatment method of phosphogypsum by microbial-plant combination, and the bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Pseudomonas putida, respectively. The phosphogypsum modified by quicklime was mixed with a small amount of soil according to the mass ratio, and was evenly mixed with the already allocated organic fertilizer and microbial liquid bacteria agent. The mixture was put into the infiltration soil column device according to different mixing ratios, tall fescue was planted on the surface, and the leachate was collected at the bottom. The change of total phosphorus concentration in the liquid was measured by ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry. With phosphogypsum: soil: organic fertilizer: microorganism: grass seeds mass ratio of 7∶3∶0.2∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03, the phosphorus leaching concentration in the liquid was below 1 mg/L. The concentration of total phosphorus in the leaching solution of group 8∶2∶0.2∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03 was no more than 4 mg/L, and the concentration of total phosphorus in the leaching solution of fresh phosphogypsum was 633.9 mg/L. The fixation rate of phosphorus in the combined multi-substance treatment of phosphogypsum was more than 99%. The survival rate of the selected strains in the mixed soil was up to 6.4×106 cfu/mL, and the number of viable strains maintained stable or slow growth trend over time. This experiment successfully solved the problem of excessive phosphorus leaching concentration in the phosphogypsum accumulation area, and provided effective support for harmless treatment of phosphogypsum.
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Key words:
- phosphogypsum /
- Pseudomonas sp. /
- tall fescue /
- phosphorus fixation /
- phosphorus leaching concentration
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图 6 不同菌种的固磷率对比
Figure 6. Comparison of phosphorus fixation rates among different strains
图 7 固磷植物长势对比
注：图(a)、(b)、(c)中磷石膏∶土∶生石灰∶有机肥∶微生物∶草籽的比例均为7∶3∶0.2∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03。
Figure 7. Comparison of growth of phosphorus fixation plants
图 8 磷石膏与土质量比为7∶3组的磷浸出浓度对比
Figure 8. Comparison of phosphorus leaching concentration in phosphogypsum to soil ratio 7∶3 group
图 9 磷石膏与土质量比为8∶2组的磷浸出浓度对比
Figure 9. Comparison of phosphorus leaching concentration in phosphogypsum to soil ratio 8∶2 group
图 10 A3F4组中投加不同菌种后磷浸出浓度对比
注：M1、M2、M3、M4分别代表菌种P1与P2混合、P2、P3与P4混合、P1与P4混合。全文同。
Figure 10. Comparison of phosphorus leaching concentration in A3F4 group after adding different strains
图 11 B3F4组中投加不同菌种后磷浸出浓度对比
Figure 11. Comparison of phosphorus leaching concentration in B3F4 group after adding different strains
图 12 混合土柱中微生物-植物聚磷机理
Figure 12. Mechanism of microbial-plant phosphorus accumulation in mixed soil column
表 1 磷石膏、土、生石灰、有机肥、微生物和草籽的混合质量比对照
Table 1. Comparison of mixed mass ratio of phosphogypsum, soil, quicklime, organic fertilizer, microorganism and grass seeds
编号 磷石膏∶土∶生石灰∶有机肥∶
微生物∶草籽编号 磷石膏∶土∶生石灰∶有机肥∶
微生物∶草籽A1F4 7∶3∶0∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03 A3F1 7∶3∶0.2∶0∶0.03∶0.03 A2F4 7∶3∶0.1∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03 B1F4 8∶2∶0∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03 A3F4 7∶3∶0.2∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03 B2F4 8∶2∶0.1∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03 A3F3 7∶3∶0.2∶0∶0∶0 B3F4 8∶2∶0.2∶0.2∶0.03∶0.03 A3F2 7∶3∶0.2∶0∶0∶0.03 B3F5 8∶2∶0.2∶0.2∶0∶0 
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表 2 不同比例磷石膏与土壤混合试验的pH
Table 2. pH of a mixture test with different proportions of phosphogypsum and soil
磷石膏∶土 pH 磷石膏∶土 pH 10∶0 1.6 6∶4 3.5 9∶1 2.4 5∶5 3.9 8∶2 2.7 0∶10 6.8 7∶3 3.4
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表 3 不同比例磷石膏、土壤和生石灰混合试验的pH
Table 3. pH of a mixture test with different proportions of phosphogypsum, soil and quicklime
磷石膏∶土∶生石灰 pH 磷石膏∶土∶生石灰 pH 8∶2∶2 12.8 7∶3∶2 13.0 8∶2∶0.1 4.7 7∶3∶0.1 5.3 8∶2∶0.2 5.9 7∶3∶0.2 6.6 8∶2∶0.3 9.2 7∶3∶0.3 8.0 8∶2∶0.4 11.8 7∶3∶0.4 11.6 8∶2∶0.5 12.2 7∶3∶0.5 12.4
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表 4 土壤和渗滤液中活菌数量对比
Table 4. Comparison of viable bacteria quantity in leachate and soil
cfu/mL 编号 土壤中活菌数量 渗滤液中活菌数量 A3F4-1 6.4×106 1.7×104 A3F4-2 1.5×106 2.6×104 A3F4-3 1.1×106 5.5×103 A3F4-4 1.1×106 2.8×104 B3F4-1 3.1×106 5.5×103 B3F4-2 2.9×106 2.3×103 B3F4-3 1.4×106 2.0×103 B3F4-4 1.8×106 3.3×103 注：在A3F4和B3F4组土柱试验进行的第3、6、9和12天取样，4次取样的后缀依次为1、2、3、4。
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