餐厨垃圾水力制浆耦合厌氧消化的效果分析

朱浩; 刘晓吉; 仲跻胜; 吴义祥; 刘钊; 张莹莹; 孙岩松; 王勇群

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230246

餐厨垃圾水力制浆耦合厌氧消化的效果分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230246

朱浩^1,,
刘晓吉^{1, 2, ,},
仲跻胜³,
吴义祥³,
刘钊³,
张莹莹²,
孙岩松²,
王勇群²

1.
中国环境保护集团有限公司
2.
中节能(肥西)环保能源有限公司
3.
瑞科际再生能源股份有限公司

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFC1908603）；中国节能环保集团有限公司重大科技创新项目（cecep-zdkj-2020-001）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱浩（1974—），男，高级工程师，博士，主要研究方向为固体废物处理处置与资源化利用，worldsmile@sina.com

通讯作者:
刘晓吉（1982—），男，博士，主要研究方向为固体废物处理处置与资源化利用，liuxiaoji1982@163.com

中图分类号: X705
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-29
- 录用日期: 2023-10-16
- 修回日期: 2023-05-05

Effect analysis on hydraulic pulping coupled with anaerobic digestion of food wastes

1.
China National Environmental Protection Group
2.
China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group (CECEP) (Feixi) WTE Co., Ltd.
3.
Reculture Renewable Energy Co., Ltd.

摘要

摘要:
根据餐厨垃圾高含水的特点，从水力模拟、浆化物料特性、设备运行关键指标及项目运行效果等方面对餐厨垃圾水力浆化预处理技术进行综合评价。计算流体力学（CFD）的水力模拟结果表明，浆化过程中流体质点螺旋式汇聚至转叶，形成三股内旋状涡流，在流体内部产生明显的流速差和正负压分区现象，水力作用下可快速实现餐厨垃圾的浆化。浆料和杂质特征分析表明，浆化产物颗粒细小，有机质损失率低，杂质去除率高，可与后端不同资源化技术（如厌氧消化、好氧堆肥等）高度融合。以水力浆化与厌氧消化技术相结合的餐厨垃圾资源化项目为例，餐厨垃圾经水力浆化预处理后，有机质损失率约为8.5%；不可生物降解杂质分选率约94%；粗油脂提取率约91%，吨餐厨垃圾平均产油率为3.76%，产气率为85.57 m³(以标态计)。该处理方式较机械式预处理具有更高的资源化利用率，可大幅提升项目的经济效益。
- 餐厨垃圾 /
- 水力制浆 /
- 预处理 /
- 资源化 /
- 厌氧消化
Abstract:
Considering the characteristics of the high water content of food wastes, the hydraulic pulping pretreatment technology was comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of hydraulic simulation, characteristics of pulp, key equipment operation indicators and project operation effect. The CFD (computational fluid dynamics) hydraulic simulation results showed that during the pulping process, the fluid particles spirally converged to the rotor blades to form three internal swirling eddies, which produced obvious velocity and pressure differences in the fluid interior. Under the hydraulic action, the pulping of food wastes could be performed quickly. The analysis of pulp and impurity characteristics showed that the pulping product was of fine particles, with low organic matter loss and high impurity removal, which could be highly integrated with different back-end resource utilization technologies (anaerobic digestion, aerobic fermentation, etc.). Taking the resource utilization project of food waste as an example, which adopted hydraulic pulping and anaerobic fermentation technologies, the relevant operation data showed that after the pretreatment of food wastes by hydraulic pulping, the loss rate of organic matter was about 8.5%, the separation rate of non-biodegradable impurities was about 94%, and the extraction rate of crude oil was about 91%. Moreover, the average oil production rate per ton of food waste was 3.76%, and the gas production rate per ton of food waste was 85.57 m³. The treatment method had a higher resource utilization rate compared to mechanical pre-treatment, which could greatly improve the economic benefits of the project.
- food waste /
- hydraulic pulping /
- pretreatment /
- resource utilization /
- anaerobic digestion

HTML全文

图 1 水力制浆设备结构

注：1—分解装置；11—壳体；12—转子；13—电机；14—筛板；15—侧面扰流板；16—底部扰流板；17—出浆通道；18—进料口；2—分离装置；21—气动阀门（1）；22—气动阀门（2）；23—轻物料罐；24—重物料罐；25—气动阀门（3）、轻物料出渣口；26—气动阀门（4）、重物料出渣口。

Figure 1. Structural diagram of the hydraulic pulping equipment

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图 2 基于水力制浆的餐厨垃圾预处理系统工艺流程

Figure 2. Flow chart of food waste pretreatment system based on hydraulic pulping

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图 3 流体质点流线轨迹

Figure 3. Trajectory diagram of fluid particle streamline

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图 4 流体质点速度场

Figure 4. Velocity field diagram of fluid particles

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图 5 静压力场及转矩分布

Figure 5. Distribution diagram of static pressure field and torque

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图 6 基于水力预处理系统的餐厨垃圾浆化-杂质分离效果

Figure 6. Pulp-making and impurity separation pictures of food waste based on hydraulic pretreatment system

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图 7 三相分离后的有机固相粒径分布

Figure 7. Size distribution of organic solid phase pulp after three phase separation

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图 8 某年第四季度餐厨垃圾入厂量及粗油脂产量

Figure 8. Daily treated food waste amount and extracted crude oil amount in the fourth quarter of a certain year

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图 9 某年第四季度餐厨垃圾日产沼气量及吨餐厨垃圾沼气产量

Figure 9. Daily biogas production and its production per ton of food waste in the fourth quarter of a certain year

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表 1 某市餐厨垃圾成分（干基）

Table 1. Food waste composition (dry basis) in a city %　

易腐类	塑料	纸类	木竹类	玻璃类	陶石类	骨头	贝壳	金属类
86.98	3.76	0.08	0.24	0.62	0.45	5.06	2.41	0.40

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表 2 水力制浆技术与机械式技术的对比优势

Table 2. Advantages of hydraulic pulping technology compared to mechanical technology

项目	工艺流程	垃圾适用性	处理能力	杂质分离效果	减量化率与资源回收率	浆液特征
传统机械技术	必须配置筛分，破碎，甚至细分选等环节；设备多、流程长	对餐厨和厨余垃圾分类要求高	单线产能<20 t/h	筛分过程的筛上和筛下物仍然是垃圾，需要再处理	筛上物带走有机质和油脂，资源回收率低，废渣多	浆液粒径≤8 mm
水力制浆技术	一台设备即可完成破碎、浆化、杂质清洗、杂质分离；工艺流程显著缩短	对餐厨和厨余垃圾分类要求不高	单线产能10~60 t/h	轻、重杂质渣和有机质可独立分离，便于进一步利用	全物料制浆、提油；有机质和油脂回收率高；减量化率提高	浆液粒径≤1 mm
水力制浆技术优势	占地面积小，节约土建投资；运行稳定性高；运行耗能低	减少垃圾分类成本；有机垃圾可混合处理，可减少生产线数量，节约维护成本，节约设备投资	根据城市发展规划，一条合理的生产线通过延长运行时间即可满足未来垃圾增量需求	有利于垃圾组分的全资源化利用；浆液纯度高，有利于厌氧系统效率和稳定	油脂和沼气产量增加，收入增加；更符合垃圾资源化利用的方向	浆液粒径小，易于厌氧消化，产气量高

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