坡地植物篱生态系统服务研究进展

陈艳梅; 郭文芳; 高吉喜

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230251

坡地植物篱生态系统服务研究进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230251

1.
河北师范大学地理科学学院，河北省环境变化遥感识别技术创新中心，河北省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室
2.
生态环境部卫星环境应用中心

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3901104)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈艳梅(1970—)，女，教授，博士，主要从事区域生态系统评估、生态安全与生态补偿机制研究，chenyanmei@hebtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
高吉喜(1964—)，男，研究员，博士，主要从事环境科学与资源利用研究，gaojx168@163.com

中图分类号: X171.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-30
- 录用日期: 2023-07-28
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-03

Research progress on ecosystem services of slope hedgerows

CHEN Yanmei^1
,,
GUO Wenfang¹,
GAO Jixi^{2
, ,}

1.
College of Geographical Sciences of Hebei Normal University, Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Remote Sensing Identification of Environmental Change, Laboratory of Environmental Evolution and Ecological Construction of Hebei Province
2.
Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment

摘要

摘要:
坡地植物篱因其成本低、生态功能显著，已成为一项重要的坡地改良生物工程技术。梳理坡地植物篱技术相关研究成果，从生态系统服务新视角，阐述其概念与分类、品种选择与空间结构的技术要点，探讨坡地植物篱所具有的支持服务、调节服务、供给服务等，分析当前相关研究存在的问题，提出未来应加强坡地植物篱生态系统服务的理论基础与评估方法体系研究，探究坡地植物篱提供生态系统服务的微观机理，完善其选种、空间配置和管理等综合技术体系，逐步加大试种范围和推广力度。
- 坡地植物篱 /
- 生态系统服务 /
- 选种 /
- 空间配置 /
- 人类福祉
Abstract:
Slope hedgerow has become an important bioengineering technology for slope improvement due to its low cost and remarkable ecological function. The relevant research results on the slope hedgerow technology were compiled and, based on a new perspective of ecosystem services, the concept and classification of slope hedgerows, the technical points of species selection and spatial structure were elaborated. The support services, regulation services, and supply services, etc. provided by slope hedgerows were explored, and the existing issues in the current study were analyzed. In the future, the research on the theoretical basis and evaluation methodology system about ecosystem services of slope hedgerows should be strengthened, the microscopic mechanisms of ecosystem services of slope hedgerows should be explored, the comprehensive technical system of slope hedgerows species selection, spatial allocation and management should be improved, and the scope of trial planting and promotion efforts should be gradually increased.
- slope hedgerows /
- ecosystem services /
- species selection /
- space configuration /
- human well-being

HTML全文

表 1 常见的植物篱分类

Table 1. Common classification of hedgerows

分类依据	名称	特征	举例
植物类型^[9]	草本植物篱	植株茎内木质部不发达，密集簇生，能有效拦截径流和泥沙下移	香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)、艾草(Artemisia argyi)、佩兰(Eupatorium fortunei)、薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx)等
植物类型^[9]	木本植物篱	由灌木或耐修剪的乔木树种组成，具有强壮的根系，能有效防止土坎坍塌	花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida)、连翘(Forsythia suspensa)、胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)、枸骨(Ilex cornuta)等
植物生长形态^[9]	匍匐型植物篱	匍匐生长覆盖土表，有效防止水土流失，降低地表土温度，调节土壤表层水分，促进作物生长	小冠花(Coronilla varia)、三叶草(Trifolium spp.)、鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)等
植物生长形态^[9]	直立型植物篱	植株茎干垂直地面，直立空间向上生长，可以是草质茎，也可以是木质茎	桃(Amygdalus persica)、山杏(Armeniaca sibirica)、向日葵(Helianthus annuus)、松(Pinus spp.)等
功能特性^[19]	固氮型植物篱	主要有与根瘤菌共生、与弗兰克氏菌共生以及与蓝藻菌共生的植物，以豆科灌木和草本为主	刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、金银花(Lonicera japonica)、胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)等
	水保型植物篱	水土保持能力较强，在拦截径流和土壤保护方面有显著效果	柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)等
	经济型植物篱	有较高的食用、药用或饲用等经济价值，市场前景好，农民种植倾向性大	秀丽槭(Acer elegantulum)、杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)等
物种多寡^[20]	单一型植物篱	由一种植物群体构成的植物篱	草篱、灌木篱等
物种多寡^[20]	复合型植物篱	由2类或2类以上植物群体构成，通常能有效兼顾生态效益和经济效益	果树草篱、草灌混合篱等
生长环境^[20]	石坎梯田植物篱	种植在用石料砌成的梯田埂坎上，一般分布在土层薄、石料多的地方	枸杞(Lycium chinense)、黄花菜(Hemerocallis citrina)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)、酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba)等
	农耕地植物篱	种植在农耕地上以促进农作物生长，削减农业面源污染	灰毛豆(Tephrosia purpurea)、胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis)等
	地埂植物篱	有公路护埂植物篱和田坎护埂植物篱，能固土护坡，保护田坎和路基	紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)等
	林地植物篱	种植于林下，可提高林地植被覆盖率和蓄水保肥能力	青绿苔草(Carex breviculmis)、披针叶苔草(Carex lanceolata)、玉带草(Phalaris arundinacea)、拂子茅(Calamagrostis epigeios)等

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表 2 国内部分地区筛选出的植物篱品种

Table 2. Selected hedgerow varieties in some areas of China

地区		地貌与气候类型	植物种类
西南地区	四川宁南梁家沟流域^[9,11-12]、资阳响水流域^[9,11]	金沙江干热河谷、丘陵地貌，亚热带湿润季风气候	滇合欢(Albizia simeonis)、山蚂蟥(Desmodium racemosum)、金银花(Lonicera japonica)、枸杞(Lycium chinense)、黄花(Hemerocallis citrina)、紫背天葵(Begonia fimbristipula)、小冠花(Coronilla varia)、茉莉花(Jasminum sambac)、桑树(Morus alba spp.)
	重庆万州五桥河流域^[13]	丘陵地貌，亚热带湿润季风气候	皇竹草(Pennisetum sinese)、玉米(Zea mays spp.)
	贵州罗甸县^[9,11]	丘陵地貌，亚热带湿润季风气候	马桑(Coriaria nepalensis)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、黄花(Hemerocallis citrina)、金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys)、李子(Prunus salicina)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)、黄荆(Vitex negundo)、灰毛豆(Tephrosia purpurea)
华中地区	湖北、湖南^[9,12]	丘陵地貌，亚热带湿润气候	香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)、马桑(Coriaria nepalensis)、黄荆(Vitex negundo)、皇竹草(Pennisetum sinese)、沙梨(Pyrus pyrifolia)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)、桑树(Morus alba spp.)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)、山毛豆(Tephrosia candida)、锦鸡儿(Caragana sinica)、茶树(Camellia sinensis)、金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys)、黄花(Hemerocallis citrina)、百喜草(Paspalum notatum)、地石榴(Ficus tikoua)
西北地区	宁夏、陕西^[21]	黄土丘陵地貌，温带大陆性季风气候	金银花(Lonicera japonica)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)、梨树(Pyrus spp.)、板栗(Castanea mollissima)、矮化石榴(Punica granatum)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、槐(Styphnolobium japonicum)、沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)、沙柳(Salix cheilophila)
华北地区	河北、山西^[11]、北京密云水库^[22]	河谷、丘陵地貌，温带季风气候	紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、黄花(Hemerocallis citrina)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、香椿(Toona sinensis)、柳树(Salix spp.)、榆树(Ulmus pumila)、金银花(Lonicera japonica)、知母(Anemarrhena asphodeloides)、板蓝根(Isatis tinctoria)
东北地区	黑龙江省克山县^[23-24]	黑土丘陵地貌，温带大陆性季风气候	黑豆果(Ribes nigrum)、刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosu)、桑树(Morus alba spp.)、胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)
华东地区	山东、江苏^[25]	平原丘陵地貌，暖温带、亚热带季风气候	象草(Pennisetum purpureum)、酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba)、茶树(Camellia sinensis)、金银花(Lonicera japonica)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)、知风草(Eragrostis ferruginea)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)

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表 3 国外部分地区筛选出的植物篱品种

Table 3. Selected hedgerow varieties from some regions abroad

地区	地貌与气候类型	植物种类
菲律宾棉兰老岛^[6]	山地、高原地貌，热带雨林气候	石梓(Gmelina chinensis)、玉米(Zea mays spp.)、两耳草(Paspalum conjugatum)、象草(Pennisetum purpureum)
印度奥利萨邦^[26]	高原、丘陵地貌、热带季风性气候	甜根子草(Saccharum spontaneum)、香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)、柠檬草(Cymbopogon citratus)、粽叶芦(Thysanolaena maxima)
布基纳法索^[27]	高原地貌为主，热带草原气候	非洲兰茎草(pogon gayanus)、毛利枣(Zizyphus jujube)、剑麻(Agave sisalana)
肯尼亚马查科斯^[28]	丘陵地貌，热带草原气候	象草(Pennisetum purpureum)、铁刀木(Cassia siamea)
泰国西北部^[29]	丘陵、山地地貌，热带季风气候	乳汁草(Euphorbia humifusa)、香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)
美国密苏里州^[30]	丘陵地貌，亚热带湿润气候	牛毛草(Bulbostylis barbata)、柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago Sativa)
日本东京^[31]	多山，亚热带季风气候	葎草(Humulus scandens)、早熟禾(Poa annua)
意大利波河平原^[32]	平原地貌为主，地中海气候	高羊茅(Festuca elata)、雪球荚蒾(Viburnum plicatum)、法国梧桐(Platanus orientalis)
德国柏林^[33]、不莱梅^[34]	平原地貌为主，温带海洋性气候	刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、杨树(Populus spp.)、鹅耳栎(Carpinus turczaninowii)、花楸(Sorbus pohuashanensis)、西洋接骨木(Sambucus nigra)

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表 4 国内外部分地区植物篱的空间结构

Table 4. Spatial structure of hedgerows in some areas at home and abroad

研究区域	带内结构	最佳株距/cm	带内行距/ cm	带间距/m
黑龙江省克山县，典型黑土区^[23]	双行型、 “品”字形栽植	短梗刺五加：17.82 黑豆果：15.69 桑树：5.89	25	9
湖北省秭归县和重庆市忠县、江津区^[39]、单开县^[40]	单行型	柑橘：200~500 沙梨：100~150 花椒：200~250 黄荆：100~130 桑树：150~200 紫背天葵：50		4~6
四川省遂宁市安居区遂宁水土保持试验站^[36]（典型紫色土区）	双行型	香根草双行：20	20	6.27、6.40
安徽省肥东县长临镇巢湖地区^[41]	双行型	黄花菜：20	20	2.50
浙江省诸暨市山区丘陵红壤区^[23]	单行型	麦冬单行：15 黄花菜单行：15		2.50
浙江省诸暨市山区丘陵红壤区^[23]	双行型	麦冬双行：15 黄花菜双行：15 麦冬-黄花菜双行：15	40	2.10
土耳其希萨尔省遗传育种部棉花研究农场^[42]	单行型	棉花：67.5	45

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