雨水管网混接入渗诊断技术研究进展

赵志超; 黄晓敏; 尹海龙; 李钢; 李迎喜; 彭寿海; 唐光涛; 许琪

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230359

雨水管网混接入渗诊断技术研究进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230359

赵志超^{1, 2, 3,},
黄晓敏¹,
尹海龙⁴,
李钢¹,
李迎喜¹,
彭寿海⁵,
唐光涛¹,
许琪^1, ,

1.
长江设计集团有限公司
2.
中国科学院生态环境研究中心，环境水质学国家重点实验室
3.
水利部长三角城镇供水节水及水环境治理重点实验室
4.
同济大学环境科学与工程学院
5.
中国长江三峡集团有限公司长江生态环境工程研究中心

基金项目: 中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助项目（2023M730366）；湖北省自然科学基金项目（2023AFB475）；长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司自主创新项目（CX2020Z24）；国家长江生态环境保护修复联合研究中心项目（2022-LHYJ-02-0302）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵志超（1992—），男，博士，主要从事城镇排水系统运行效能数值化诊断和智慧管控研究，zhao-zchao@outlook.com

通讯作者:
许琪（1991—），男，博士，主要从事水环境综合治理研究，xuqi3@cjwsjy.com.cn

中图分类号: X52, TU992
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-10

Review on diagnostic technologies of illicit discharge and groundwater infiltration in the storm drainage network

ZHAO Zhichao^{1, 2, 3
,},
HUANG Xiaomin¹,
YIN Hailong⁴,
LI Gang¹,
LI Yingxi¹,
PENG Shouhai⁵,
TANG Guangtao¹,
XU Qi^{1
, ,}

1.
Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning Design and Research Corporation
2.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
3.
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources
4.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University
5.
Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation

摘要

摘要:
雨水管网是缓解城市内涝、改善水环境质量的重要市政基础设施，受管材老化腐蚀和施工过程不当等影响，我国城市雨水管网建成后普遍存在地下水入渗和污水混接问题，制约着雨水管网功能高效发挥。排水管网入流入渗诊断技术可为雨水管网混接入渗问题的识别和定位提供支持。综述了排水管网入流入渗诊断技术（物探检测技术、流量分析技术、特征因子分析技术、水动力反演模型技术）的基本原理、研究进展、应用特征等，对比分析了不同技术应用于雨水管网混接入渗诊断的适用性、实施要点、诊断水平和发展阶段等，并提出未来雨水管网混接入渗诊断技术的发展方向。结果表明：1）特征因子分析技术可在不干扰雨水管网正常运行条件下识别和量化混接入渗问题、提供治理优先级，因此经济和环境效益显著；2）光纤分布式测温（FDTS）技术和水动力模型反演技术在无干扰定位雨水管网混接入渗方面优势显著，前者易于实施且定位精准度高，后者具有成本低且可评级混接入渗等级特点，可根据场景特征因地制宜选用；3）未来雨水管网混接入渗诊断技术将朝着低成本、无干扰、可量化、可定位的方向发展。通过评估不同技术在当前和未来的综合应用效果，明确了单一诊断技术难以具备未来预期特征，而特征因子分析技术耦合FDTS技术或水动力模型反演技术的分级诊断体系具有实现未来技术发展目标的优势潜力。研究可为雨水管网混接入渗诊断技术的科学应用和优化创新提供参考。
- 雨水管网 /
- 污水混接 /
- 地下水入渗 /
- 诊断技术
Abstract:
Stormwater network is an important municipal infrastructure to mitigate urban waterlogging and improve water environmental quality. Owing to the aging and corrosion, and improper construction of pipes, and so on, the urban stormwater network after construction in China often confronts the challenges of illicit discharge and groundwater infiltration, which restricts the efficient functioning of stormwater network. Technologies of diagnosing inflow and infiltration into drainage system can provide important support to identify and locate the illicit discharge and groundwater infiltration of stormwater network. The basic principles, research processes and applicable characteristics of the diagnostic technologies for inflow and infiltration into drainage networks (including geophysical detection, flow analysis, tracer parameter analysis, and hydrodynamic inversion model technologies) were reviewed, and then the practicalities, the key points of application, diagnostic levels, and development stages of these technologies were analyzed and compared. According to this, the future development trend of diagnostic technologies was proposed. The results showed that: 1) The tracer parameter analysis technology could identify and quantify the illicit discharge and groundwater infiltration without interfering with the normal operation of stormwater network, and provide retrofit priorities, resulting in significant economic and environmental benefits. 2) The fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (FDTS) technology and hydrodynamic inversion model technology had outstanding advantages in non-interference locating of the illicit discharge and groundwater infiltration into stormwater network. The former was easy to implement and had high locating accuracy, while the latter had the characteristics of low cost and could be used to evaluate the levels of illicit discharge and groundwater infiltration. These two technologies could be selected according to local conditions. 3) The future development trend of diagnostic technology would be towards low-cost, non-interference, quantifiable, and locatable direction. By evaluating the comprehensive application effects of different technologies in the current and future, it was found that single diagnostic technology was difficult to possess the desired characteristics, while a hierarchical diagnostic system based on tracer parameter analysis technology coupled with FDTS technology or hydrodynamic inversion model technology had the advantage potential of achieving the future development goal. This study could provide references to carry out scientific application and optimization innovation of diagnostic technologies.
- stormwater network /
- illicit discharge /
- groundwater infiltration /
- diagnostic technology

HTML全文

图 1 基于FDTS技术的排水管道入流入渗诊断示意^[16]

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of diagnosing inflow and infiltration into sewers using FDTS technology

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图 2 基于水量平衡分析的雨水管网混接入渗量化模型^[10]

Figure 2. Quantitative model of illicit discharge and groundwater infiltration of stormwater network based on water balance analysis

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图 3 基于特征因子的排水管网入流入渗诊断技术架构

Figure 3. Architecture of diagnostic technology for inflow and infiltration of drainage network based on tracer parameters

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图 4 基于特征因子和水动力反演模型的污水管网地下水入渗定位方法架构^[13]

Figure 4. Architecture of pin-pointing groundwater infiltration into sewer network based on tracer parameters and hydrodynamic inversion model

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图 5 不同分级诊断技术路线的综合评价

注：成本，☆高，☆☆较高，☆☆☆较低，☆☆☆☆低。精度，☆区域定位，☆☆点位定位。水平，☆定性，☆☆定量。阶段，○小试阶段，○○中试阶段，○○○应用阶段，○○○○再突破阶段。综合评价中，☆和○总量越多，反映现阶段技术的综合性能越好。●表示技术达到再突破阶段所需的优化提升空间，其数值越大，反映的程度越大。

Figure 5. Comprehensive evaluations of routes of different hierarchical-diagnostic technologies

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表 1 不同来源类型水体的特征因子及其浓度分布范围^[24,26-33]

Table 1. Tracer parameters of different water sources and their concentration distribution ranges

水源类别	总氮/ (mg/L)	氨氮/ (mg/L)	硬度/ (mg/L)	硫酸盐/ (mg/L)	氯化物/ (mg/L)	氟化物/ (mg/L)	钠离子/ (mg/L)	钾离子/ (mg/L)	安赛蜜/ (μg/L)	咖啡因/ (μg/L)
生活污水	25.0~80.2	59.2±12.6	138~241			0.26~0.43	45.7±8.8		1.1~51.2	10~46
灰水	4.3~13	0.58~4	138~185	37.9~58.9	57.8~82.5	0.26~0.36	45±10	24±7	1.07~1.78	240~1 300
黑水	35~267	20~148	179~241	179~241	159~232	0.31~0.43	39±12	38±8	27.9~51.2
地下水	1.0~9.4	4.3±6.7	383~449	50~150	90~156	0.15~0.70	55.2±0.0	8.22~25.64	0.016~0.023	0.01~0.14
水产品加工废水					798~1143		254~479	130~143
植物油加工废水					126~156		27.3~79.4	352~433
淀粉和糖制造废水					36.3~45.7		44.2~47.8	23.7~27.2
烘焙食品制造废水					456~776		414~514	476~532
豆制品加工废水					536~632		325~487	524~698
糖果/巧克力制造废水					34.1~45.3		34.5~42.3	4.4~8.3	2240~4220
乳制品制造废水					39.4~52.3		39.5~55.7	357~423
生物医药制造废水					5 087~7 006		3 013~5 864	2 065~4 013
半导体制造业废水	13.0~22.9		73.5~112.0	450~810	401~625	8.6~12.6			1.51~1.61

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表 2 在同一点位连续监测的浓度型特征因子指标的CV^{[24,26,28,30]}

Table 2. CV values of the concentration-type tracer parameters continuously monitored at the same sampling sites

水源类别	CV/%
水源类别	总氮	安赛蜜	氟化物	硬度	柠檬酸	钠离子	氯化物	钾离子	硫酸盐
生活污水	15.9	58.3	25.0	14.8
灰水		15.0	10.3	6.5	20.1	30.0	10.9	28.0	14.6
黑水		16.4	7.9	7.4	68.3	24.4	11.5	19.9	16.1
半导体工业废水	14.4	2.1	13.3	11.6			30.1		16.0
水产品加工废水						20.0	8.9	3.0
植物油加工废水						26.8	7.1	5.8
膨化食品制造废水						6.7	18.4	3.4
糕点食品制造废水						17.9	9.1	11.1
豆制品加工废水						18.9	6.6	25.7
乳制品制造废水						10.9	8.7	5.7
方便食品制造废水						51.2	27.2	38.5
地下水	46.0	10.0	43.2	11.8			16.0		30.0

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表 3 不同技术应用于雨水管网混接入渗诊断的特征、水平和发展阶段对比

Table 3. Comparison of the characteristics, levels, and development stages of different diagnostic technologies for illicit discharge and groundwater infiltration of stormwater network

诊断技术		适用场景要求	实施要点	成本	诊断精度	诊断水平	发展阶段
物探检测技术	CCTV技术	无需或易实施降水和清淤操作的雨水管道	降水和清淤	高	点位定位	定性	应用
	红外成像技术	混接入渗引起的温度变化能在管道水体的自由水面体现；旁侧入流流量大于管道流量的2.5%；管道水流流速波动较小	保证红外成像设备漂浮安装且稳定运行	较高	点位定位	定性	研究
	FDTS技术	混接入渗水体水量大且与管道原生水体之间的温度差异显著	保证光纤尽可能漂浮于水面上；避免光纤弯曲引起测量距离误差和激光信号损失	较高	点位定位	定性	小试
流量分析技术		水量平衡模型边界条件较少且应用场地满足流量监测要求	准确安装管道流量计；避免传感器被垃圾缠绕或被淤泥淤盖	高	区域定位	定量	应用
特征因子分析技术		不同来源类型水体的特征因子之间存在显著性差异	构建特征因子数据库	较低	区域定位	定量	中试
水动力反演模型技术		雨水管网水动力边界明确且物理参数完整、准确	精细化、精准化构建雨水管网水动力过程模拟系统	低	点位定位	定量	小试
注：技术发展阶段包括研究阶段、小试阶段、中试阶段、应用阶段、再突破阶段。

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