基于生态系统服务价值的阿勒泰地区生态补偿区域空间选择与策略

董靖雯; 王承武

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230398

基于生态系统服务价值的阿勒泰地区生态补偿区域空间选择与策略

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230398

董靖雯,
王承武^,

新疆农业大学公共管理学院

基金项目: 新疆自然科学基金面上项目（2022D01A84)；新疆社会科学基金项目（21BJL101）

详细信息

作者简介:
董靖雯（2000—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事土地资源管理研究, 2420234846@qq.com

通讯作者:
王承武（1975—），男，教授，主要从事资源环境管理研究, 1045627811@qq.com

中图分类号: X171.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-23
- 录用日期: 2023-08-29
- 修回日期: 2023-08-29
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-07

Spatial selection and strategy of ecological compensation areas based on ecosystem service value in Altay Prefecture

DONG Jingwen,
WANG Chengwu^,

College of Public Administration, Xinjiang Agricultural University

摘要

摘要:
生态补偿可有效缓解区域经济发展与生态保护之间的矛盾。基于2010—2020年阿勒泰地区土地利用数据，运用当量因子法计算研究区的生态系统服务价值（ESV）并进行时空变化分析，引用修正后生态补偿优先级指数对阿勒泰地区6县1市进行生态补偿区域空间选择，并计算生态补偿额度。结果表明：2010—2020年阿勒泰地区草地、耕地、水域、建设用地面积增加，林地与未利用地面积减少。2010—2020年总ESV呈现降增交替的波动变化，整体减少0.85%，林地ESV降幅最大，单项功能价值量占比最高的为调节服务。阿勒泰地区生态补偿理论总额度为60.05 亿元，修正后生态补偿（补偿额占总额比例）优先顺序依次为青河县（21.60%）>布尔津县（18.33%）>吉木乃县（10.46%）>哈巴河县（11.43%）>阿勒泰市（10.99%）>富蕴县（14.12%）>福海县（13.07%）。基于研究结果，从发挥政府作用、健全法律体系、拓宽资金渠道、创新补偿方式及规范补偿方与受偿方等方面提出完善阿勒泰地区生态补偿的策略。
- 生态系统服务价值 /
- 生态补偿空间选择 /
- 生态补偿额度 /
- 阿勒泰地区
Abstract:
Ecological compensation can effectively alleviate the contradiction between regional economy and ecology. Based on the land use classification data of Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Autonomous Region from 2010 to 2020, the ecosystem service value (ESV) of the study area was calculated by using equivalent factor method and the spatial-temporal change analysis was carried out. The revised ecological compensation priority index was used to select the ecological compensation areas in 6 counties and 1 city of Altay Prefecture, and the amount of ecological compensation was calculated. The results showed that the land use change in Altay Prefecture from 2010 to 2020 was "four increases and two decreases". The area of grassland, cultivated land, water area and construction land increased, while the area of forest land and unused land decreased. From 2010 to 2020, the total ESV showed a fluctuating change of decreasing and increasing alternately, and the overall decrease was 0.85%, with the largest decrease in forest ESV. The highest proportion of the value of a single function was the adjustment service. The theoretical total amount of ecological compensation in Altay Prefecture is 6.005 billion yuan, and the proportion of ecological compensation priority and compensation amount in the total amount is as follows: Qinghe County (21.60%) > Burjin County (18.33%) > Jimunai County (10.46%) > Habahe County (11.43%) > Altay City (10.99%) > Fuyun County (14.12%) > Fuhai County (13.07%). Based on the research results, the strategies of improving ecological compensation in Altay Prefecture were put forward from the aspects of giving play to the role of the government, perfecting the legal system, broadening the fund channels, innovating the compensation methods and standardizing the compensators and the indemnators.
- ecosystem service value /
- ecological compensation space selection /
- amount of ecological compensation /
- Altay Prefecture

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图 1 研究区位置示意及DEM

注：地图底图为新S（2021）163号。全文同。

Figure 1. Location and DEM of the research area

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图 2 2010—2020年阿勒泰地区土地利用面积

Figure 2. Land use area of Altay Prefecture from 2010 to 2020

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图 3 2010—2020年阿勒泰土地利用转移

Figure 3. Land use transfer in Altay Prefecture from 2010 to 2020

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图 4 2020年阿勒泰地区各县市ECPS

Figure 4. ECPS of counties and cities in Altay Prefecture in 2020

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表 1 阿勒泰地区单位面积生态系统服务价值

Table 1. Ecosystem service value per unit area in Altay Prefecture 元/hm²　

一级服务功能	生态系统服务功能	耕地	林地	草地	水域	未利用地
供给服务	食物生产	1 154.96	381.14	496.63	519.73	34.65
	原材料生产	450.44	3 441.79	415.79	346.49	23.10
	水资源供给	23.10	427.34	358.04	9 574.64	127.05
调节服务	气体调节	831.57	4 989.44	1 732.44	1 686.24	115.50
	气候调节	1 120.31	4 700.70	1 801.74	9 020.26	358.04
	净化空气	1 605.40	1 986.54	1 524.55	16 897.10	242.54
	水文调节	889.32	4 723.80	4 411.96	18 606.44	150.15
支持服务	土壤保持	1 189.61	3 303.19	2 771.91	1 074.11	11.55
	维持养分循环	138.60	254.09	207.89	80.85	138.60
	生物多样性保护	150.15	3 002.90	2 517.82	2 945.15	57.75
文化服务	提供美学景观	196.34	2 402.32	1 004.82	5 278.18	11.55

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表 2 2010—2020年阿勒泰地区土地利用变化动态度

Table 2. Dynamic degree of land use change in Altay Prefecture from 2010 to 2020 %　

土地利用类型	2010— 2013年	2013— 2015年	2015— 2018年	2018— 2020年	2010— 2020年
耕地	14.74	−6.29	8.85	1.14	6.32
林地	−9.25	19.03	−9.35	0.28	−2.78
草地	2.12	−3.21	2.15	−0.07	0.58
水域	−0.52	4.40	−1.32	1.26	0.54
建设用地	37.08	−6.64	17.35	2.01	18.98
未利用地	−0.83	0.62	−0.59	−0.17	−0.34

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表 3 2010—2020年阿勒泰地区各土地类型生态系统服务价值变化

Table 3. Changes of ESV of various land types in Altay Prefecture from 2010 to 2020

土地利用类型	总ESV/亿元					ESV变化值/ 亿元	ESV变化率/%
土地利用类型	2010年	2013年	2015年	2018年	2020年	ESV变化值/ 亿元	ESV变化率/%
耕地	23.37	33.71	29.46	37.28	38.14	14.77	63.18
林地	251.82	181.92	251.17	180.74	181.75	−70.07	−27.83
草地	709.50	754.63	706.22	751.82	750.74	41.24	5.81
水域	122.49	120.59	131.20	125.99	129.16	6.67	5.44
未利用地	78.83	76.87	77.81	76.43	76.16	−2.66	−3.38
合计	1 186.00	1 167.71	1 195.87	1 172.26	1 175.94	−10.06	−0.85

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表 4 2010—2020年阿勒泰地区生态系统各单项服务价值变化

Table 4. Value Changes of individual ecosystem services in Altay Prefecture from 2010 to 2020 亿元　

项目	食物生产	原材料生产	水资源供给	气体调节	气候调节	净化空气	水文调节	土壤保持	维持养分循环	生物多样性保护	提供美学景观	合计
2010年	28.84	50.53	37.63	127.23	141.38	138.02	273.95	157.04	12.00	143.65	75.74	1 186.00
2013年	30.75	44.03	37.28	120.85	136.06	138.43	274.62	157.82	12.11	143.05	72.72	1 167.71
2015年	29.70	50.74	38.82	127.57	142.92	140.90	275.97	157.40	12.06	143.50	76.30	1 195.87
2018年	31.22	44.05	37.99	120.85	136.80	140.10	275.57	157.82	12.13	142.78	72.96	1 172.26
2020年	31.35	44.20	38.44	121.05	137.37	140.98	276.39	157.91	12.14	142.86	73.24	1 175.94
变化值	2.51	−6.33	0.81	−6.18	−4.01	2.96	2.44	0.87	0.14	−0.79	−2.50	−10.06
变化率/%	8.70	−12.53	2.15	−4.86	−2.84	2.14	0.89	0.55	1.17	−0.55	−3.30	−0.85

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表 5 2020年阿勒泰地区理论生态补偿标准

Table 5. Theoretical ecological compensation standard in Altay Prefecture in 2020 亿元　

地区	GDP/亿元	C_ESV/亿元	ECPS	优先顺序	生态补偿量/亿元	补偿额占比/%	补偿额占GDP比/%
青河县	26.73	112.13	2.66	1	12.97	21.60	48.52
布尔津县	30.99	97.24	2.47	2	11.01	18.33	35.52
吉木乃县	17.92	56.63	2.31	3	6.28	10.46	35.05
哈巴河县	50.06	77.92	1.32	4	6.86	11.43	13.71
阿勒泰市	101.38	100.43	0.82	5	6.60	10.99	6.51
富蕴县	57.53	137.74	0.75	6	8.48	14.12	14.74
福海县	51.70	141.46	0.66	7	7.85	13.07	15.18

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