基于CFD的垃圾焚烧锅炉二次风喷入角度优化研究

陈为晶; 孙加康; 郑闽锋; 龚凌诸; 唐方舟

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230489

基于CFD的垃圾焚烧锅炉二次风喷入角度优化研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230489

1.
福建省计量科学研究院，福建省能源计量重点实验室
2.
福建雪人股份有限公司
3.
福建理工大学生态环境与城市建设学院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0606404)；福建省能源计量重点实验室开放课题基金项目(NYJL-KFKT-2021-02)；福建理工大学科研启动基金项目（GY-Z15126）；福建省科技计划项目(2022R1016005)；福建省市场监督管理局科技项目(FJMS2021007)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈为晶（1989—），男，工程师，主要研究方向为热过程计量以及减排技术，nyjlzx@126.com

通讯作者:
郑闽锋（1985—），男，讲师，主要研究方向为热过程装备与节能技术，zmfgogo@163.com

中图分类号: X705
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- 文章访问数: 124
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-04
- 录用日期: 2023-11-29
- 修回日期: 2023-09-12

Optimization of secondary air injection angle for garbage incineration boiler based on CFD

1.
Fujian Key Laboratory of Energy Measurement, Fujian Metrology Institute
2.
Fujian Snowman Co., Ltd.
3.
College of Eco-Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology

摘要

摘要:
为研究二次风喷入角度对焚烧锅炉炉膛内温度、烟气速度、烟气停留时间、排烟热损失的影响以及二次风喷入角度与焚烧炉出口处NO_x浓度的关联性，采用UDF编译边界条件和Fluent耦合的方法，针对某600 t/d城市生活垃圾焚烧锅炉的前后墙二次风喷入角度进行数值模拟。模拟的前墙二次风喷入角度变化为68°~80°，后墙二次风喷入角度变化为61°~73°，二次风风速为42 m/s，二次风温度为301.15 K。结果表明：后墙二次风喷入角度不变时，随着前墙二次风喷入角度增加，NO_x浓度先升高后下降（最低为142.23 mg/m³），且焚烧炉排烟热损失降低（最小为7.12%）；前墙二次风喷入角度不变时，随着后墙二次风喷入角度增加，NO_x浓度也呈现先升高后下降的趋势（最低为149.15 mg/m³），且焚烧炉排烟热损失先升高后降低（最小为7.46%）；前后墙二次风喷入角度分别为80°和67°时，SNCR两层喷枪之间的平均温度为1 229.59 K，停留时间为1.63 s，与其他工况相比更加接近SNCR脱硝的最佳反应温度和停留时间，第一烟道出口处的平均温度为1 211.36 K且停留时间大于2 s，有助于抑制二噁英的生成。
- 焚烧锅炉 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 二次风喷入角度 /
- NO_x浓度 /
- 排烟热损失 /
- SNCR脱硝
Abstract:
In order to study the influence of the secondary air injection angle on the temperature, speed, flue gas residence time and exhaust heat loss in the furnace of the incineration boiler and the correlation between the secondary air injection angle and the NO_x concentration at the incinerator outlet, the UDF compiler boundary condition and Fluent coupling method were adopted. The secondary air injection angle of front and rear walls of a 600 t/d municipal solid waste incineration boiler was numerically simulated. The simulated variation range of the front wall secondary air injection angle was 68°-80°, the variation range of the rear wall secondary air injection angle was 61°-73°, the secondary wind speed was 42 m/s, and the secondary air temperature was 301.15 K. The results showed that when the secondary air injection angle of the rear wall was constant, the NO_x concentration increased first and then decreased with the increase of the secondary air injection angle of the front wall. The minimum concentration of NO_x was 142.23 mg/m³, the heat loss of exhaust smoke from the incineration furnace was reduced, and the minimum heat loss of exhaust smoke was 7.12%. When the secondary air injection angle of the front wall remained unchanged, the NO_x concentration increased first and then decreased with the increase of the secondary air injection angle of the rear wall. The minimum concentration of NO_x was 149.15 mg/m³, the heat loss of exhaust smoke from the incineration furnace increased first and then decreased, and the minimum heat loss of exhaust smoke was 7.46%. When the secondary air injection angle of front and rear walls was 80° and 67°, respectively, the average temperature between the two layers of SNCR spray guns was 1 229.59 K, and the residence time was 1.63 s, which was closer to the optimal reaction temperature and residence time of SNCR denitrification compared with other conditions. The average temperature at the exit of the first flue was 1 211.36 K, and the residence time was greater than 2 s, which helped to inhibit the formation of dioxins.
- incineration boiler /
- numerical simulation /
- secondary air injection angle /
- NO_x concentration /
- exhaust heat loss /
- SNCR denitrification

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图 1 焚烧炉物理模型

Figure 1. Physical model of incineration boiler

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图 2 垃圾焚烧炉网格划分

Figure 2. Waste incineration boiler grid division

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图 3 网格无关性检验

Figure 3. Grid independence testing

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图 4 床层上方烟气成分质量分数

Figure 4. Composition mass fraction of flue gas above bed

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图 5 床层上方烟气速度分布

Figure 5. Flue gas velocity distribution above bed

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图 6 床层上方烟气温度分布

Figure 6. Flue gas temperature distribution above bed

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图 7 床层上方NO和HCN浓度分布

Figure 7. Distribution of NO and HCN concentrations above bed

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图 8 中心截面温度云图

Figure 8. Temperature cloud of central section

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图 9 炉膛出口温度云图

Figure 9. Temperature cloud of furnace outlet

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图 10 炉膛内烟气速度矢量

Figure 10. Velocity vector diagram of flue gas in furnace

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图 11 中心截面NO_x浓度分布

Figure 11. NO_x concentration distribution in central section

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图 12 第一烟道出口NO_x浓度的变化

Figure 12. Change of NO_x concentrations at the first flue outlet

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图 13 NO_x浓度随前墙二次风喷入角度变化的拟合曲线

Figure 13. Fitting curve of NO_x concentrations with secondary air injection angle of front wall

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图 14 烟气温度和速度随锅炉高度分布

Figure 14. Distribution diagram of flue gas temperature and velocity with boiler height

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表 1 生活垃圾的元素分析和工业分析

Table 1. Proximate analysis and Ultimate analysis of MSW %　

工业分析		元素分析
参数	占比	参数	占比
水分	50.14	C	55.75
挥发分	27.26	H	9.25
固定碳	6.03	O	32.03
灰分	16.57	N	0.35
		S	0.57
		Cl	2.05

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表 2 焚烧炉模拟结果与实际结果对比

Table 2. Comparison of incinerator simulation results with actual results

参数	模拟值	实测值	误差/%
第一烟道出口温度/K	1 218.28	1 166.15	4.47
第一烟道中部温度/K	1 241.44	1 290.75	3.82
炉膛出口温度/K	1 282.56	1 315.15	2.47
第一烟道出口O₂质量分数/%	6.47	6.70	3.43
第一烟道出口NO_x浓度/(mg/m³)	155.45	149.71	3.83

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表 3 焚烧炉前后墙二次风喷入角度计算工况

Table 3. Calculation of secondary air injection angle of front and rear walls of incinerator （°）　

工况	前墙二次风喷入角度	后墙二次风喷入角度
1	80	67
2	74	61
3	74	67
4	74	73
5	68	67

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表 4 炉膛出口与第一烟道出口温度

Table 4. Temperature of furnace outlet and first flue outlet K　

工况	炉膛出口温度	第一烟道出口温度
1	1 285.56	1 211.36
2	1 259.97	1 214.70
3	1 282.56	1 218.28
4	1 254.48	1 215.62
5	1 281.21	1 221.81

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表 5 SNCR脱硝后的第一烟道出口处参数

Table 5. Parameters at the first flue outlet after SNCR denitrification

工况	温度/K	O₂质量分数/%	NO_x排放浓度/（mg/m³）	NO_x去除率/%
1	1 206.72	6.33	73.25	48.50
2	1 210.63	6.21	79.26	46.86
3	1 216.19	6.18	84.53	45.92
4	1 214.27	6.37	82.75	45.47
5	1 220.01	6.23	83.58	45.21

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