煤矿矿区土壤重金属及多环芳烃污染治理修复技术综述

花洁; 王健媛; 陈运帷; 王健; 陈征; 刘洋洋

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230524

煤矿矿区土壤重金属及多环芳烃污染治理修复技术综述

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230524

花洁^1,,
王健媛^2, ,,
陈运帷¹,
王健²,
陈征¹,
刘洋洋³

1.
生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心
2.
中国环境科学研究院
3.
烟台拉楷管理咨询有限公司

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFC1807403）

详细信息

作者简介:
花洁（1974—），女，工程师，主要从事土壤污染管理体系研究，huajie741028@163.com

通讯作者:
王健媛（1983—），女，工程师，研究方向为环境工程，qinnan08@sina.com

中图分类号: X53
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-17
- 录用日期: 2023-09-06
- 修回日期: 2023-08-21

A review of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution treatment and remediation technologies in coal mine soils

1.
Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment
2.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
3.
Yantai Lucky Management Consulting Co., Ltd.

摘要

摘要:
土壤重金属和有机物污染是当前许多煤矿矿区及周边地区面临的严重问题，威胁居民健康，要采取有效措施予以解决。在对煤矿矿区周边土壤重金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）来源及危害分析的基础上，发现重金属元素在自然条件下难以降解，导致其在生物体中累积，并且PAHs具有致癌性、致畸性和诱变性。通过比较物理化学修复、植物修复和生物修复等方法在治理重金属及PAHs污染土壤的优缺点，发现植物修复和生物修复对气候和环境的依赖程度高，物理修复成本和能耗较高，因此提出矿区周边土壤污染的修复技术需要进一步创新，实现多领域、多学科协作发展的观点。通过持续的技术创新和多种修复方法的联合应用，达到有效治理煤矿矿区及周边重金属和PAHs污染的目的，实现土壤的重新利用，进而实现环境保护与经济可持续发展的良性互动。
- 土壤污染 /
- 煤矿矿区 /
- 重金属 /
- 多环芳烃（PAHs） /
- 土壤治理修复
Abstract:
Soil heavy metal and organic matter pollution is a serious problem currently facing many coal mine sites and surrounding areas, threatening the health of residents, and effective measures should be taken to solve it. Based on the analysis of the sources and hazards of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil around coal mining areas, it is found that heavy metal elements are difficult to be degraded under natural conditions, leading to their accumulation in living organisms, and that PAHs are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of physicochemical remediation, phytoremediation and bioremediation in the treatment of heavy metals and PAHs-contaminated soils, it was found that phytoremediation and bioremediation are highly dependent on climate and environment, and that physical remediation is more costly and energy-consuming, so it is put forward that remediation technologies for soil pollution around mining areas need to be further innovated to realize the viewpoints of collaborative development in multiple fields and multiple disciplines. Through continuous technological innovation and the joint application of multiple remediation methods, we can achieve the purpose of effectively treating heavy metal and PAHs pollution in and around coal mine areas, realize the reuse of soil, and then realize the benign interaction between environmental protection and sustainable economic development.
- soil contamination /
- coal mine area /
- heavy metals /
- PAHs /
- soil treatment and remediation

HTML全文

图 1 重金属和PAHs污染土壤的生物修复

Figure 1. Bioremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals and PAHs

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 PAHs氧化的微生物途径的初始步骤^[53]

Figure 2. Initial steps in the microbial pathways for oxidation of PAHs

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图 3 植物修复重金属污染土壤的主要途径

Figure 3. Main pathways of hytoremediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil

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表 1 矿区周边土壤重金属和PAHs污染的修复技术

Table 1. Remediation technologies for heavy metals and PAHs contamination of soils around mining sites

修复方法		修复重金属/PAHs种类	数据来源
生物修复	枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）	Cr	文献[29]
	高空芽孢杆菌（Bacillus altitudinis）、暹罗芽孢杆菌（Bacillus siamensis）、戴尔福特菌属（Delftia sp.）、氧化微杆菌CM3/CM7（Microbacterium oxydans CM3/CM7）	Pb	文献[30-32]
	假单胞菌、微球菌、红球菌、节肢杆菌、芽孢杆菌、棒状杆菌	PAHs	文献[33-35]
植物修复	麻风树（Jatropha curcas L.）	Fe、As	文献[36]
	苍耳（Xantium strumarium）	Pb、Cd、Ni	文献[37]
	羊尾草(Setaria pumila)、狼尾草(Pennisetum sinese)、伴矿景天（Sedum plumbizincicola）、海州香薷（Elsholtzia splendens）	Cu、Cd	文献[38]
	苜蓿、黑麦草、火凤凰	PAHs	文献[39-41]
物理化学修复	表层土壤覆盖	重金属	文献[42]
	羟基磷灰石基黏合剂	Pb、Zn	文献[43]
	热脱附技术	苯并荧蒽	文献[44-45]
	Fenton氧化	PAHs	文献[46]
	臭氧氧化技术	菲	文献[47]
联合技术	植物-微生物联合修复技术	Cd	文献[48]
	微生物-电动联合修复技术	Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、As	文献[49]
	植物-电动联合修复技术	Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd	文献[50]
	植物-微生物联合修复技术	苯并苝	文献[51]

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