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五格式净粪池与三格式化粪池处理农村生活污水效果及成本对比

蒋进元 陈朱迪 罗勇 谭伟 宋浩洋 石冬妮

蒋进元,陈朱迪,罗勇,等.五格式净粪池与三格式化粪池处理农村生活污水效果及成本对比[J].环境工程技术学报,2024,14(3):953-962 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230558
引用本文: 蒋进元,陈朱迪,罗勇,等.五格式净粪池与三格式化粪池处理农村生活污水效果及成本对比[J].环境工程技术学报,2024,14(3):953-962 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230558
JIANG J Y,CHEN Z D,LUO Y,et al.Comparison of effect and cost of five-compartment purification tank reactor and three-compartment septic tank in domestic sewage treatment[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2024,14(3):953-962 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230558
Citation: JIANG J Y,CHEN Z D,LUO Y,et al.Comparison of effect and cost of five-compartment purification tank reactor and three-compartment septic tank in domestic sewage treatment[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2024,14(3):953-962 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230558

五格式净粪池与三格式化粪池处理农村生活污水效果及成本对比

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230558
基金项目: 黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究项目(2022-YRUC-01-0203);广元市长江水生态环境保护研究项目(2022-LHYJ-02-0509-06)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    蒋进元(1974—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事水污染控制技术研究,jiangjy@craes.org.cn

    通讯作者:

    谭伟(1988—),男,硕士,主要从事水污染控制技术研究,weitan_2012@163.com

  • 中图分类号: X703

Comparison of effect and cost of five-compartment purification tank reactor and three-compartment septic tank in domestic sewage treatment

  • 摘要:

    针对三格式化粪池(TcST)出水COD及氮、磷浓度高,直排或溢流造成当地局部水体污染或黑臭的问题,构建了等容积五格式净粪池(FcPTR),并以实际生活污水为处理对象,对比研究2种反应器的运行特性和单位污染物去除成本。结果表明:FcPTR连续运行120 d,出水COD平均值为74 mg/L,TN、$ {\rm {NH}}_4^+ {\text{-N}}$、TP平均浓度分别为26、20、1.6 mg/L,在我国进水水质相似的农村地区使用时,可满足11个省(区、市)发布的农村生活污水处理设施水污染排放地方标准二级水质要求。厌氧折流区、好氧区填料与污泥上变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的生长代谢促进了含氮和含磷物质的去除。相比于TcST,FcPTR明显增强了系统对有机物的降解和脱氮除磷效果,提高了系统的抗冲击负荷能力。经成本核算,在设计容积和运行场景相同时运行10年,FcPTR削减1 kg COD、1 kg $ {\rm {NH}}_4^+ {\text{-N}}$的成本均比TcST降低19.8%。

     

  • 图  1  试验装置示意

    Figure  1.  Schematic diagram of experimental device

    图  2  FcPTR和TcST不同运行阶段进出水污染物浓度及去除率

    Figure  2.  Pollutant concentrations and removal rates of influent and effluent at different operation stages of FcPTR and TcST

    图  3  不同运行阶段FcPTR各单元出水污染物浓度

    Figure  3.  Pollutant concentration of effluent from each unit at different operation stages of FcPTR

    图  4  TcST、FcPTR各阶段不同样品SEM图

    Figure  4.  SEM images of different samples at various stages of TcST and FcPTR

    图  5  FcPTR厌氧折流区和好氧区在微生物群落菌门水平上微生物群落分布

    注:编号1、2分别为运行至第72天和第120天厌氧折流区的污泥样品;编号3、4分别为运行至第72天和第120天好氧区的污泥样品;编号5、6分别为运行至第72天和第120天厌氧折流区的填料样品;编号7、8分别为运行至第72天和第120天好氧区的填料样品。

    Figure  5.  Distribution of microbial communities at the level of microbial community phylum in anaerobic baffled zone and aerobic zone of FcPTR

    表  1  PU填料和火山岩填料特性

    Table  1.   Characteristics of PU filler and volcanic rock filler

    填料规格/mm孔隙率/%比表面积吸水性/%填充率/%
    PU30×30×3096~99≥18 000 m2/m320040
    火山岩直径为86512 m2/kg6580
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  试验进水水质

    Table  2.   Parameters of test influent water quality

    pHCOD/
    (mg/L)
    $ {\rm {NH}}_4^+ {\text{-N}}$浓度/
    (mg/L)
    TP浓度/
    (mg/L)
    TN浓度/
    (mg/L)
    6.67~7.32135~31444~773.0~5.551~88
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  FcPTR和TcST不同阶段的试验运行参数

    Table  3.   Test operation parameters at different stages of FcPTR and TcST

    阶段 时间 DO浓度/(mg/L) HRT/h 水温/℃
    第1~72天 1.8 36 26
    第73~120天 1.8 24 26
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同运行阶段FcPTR厌氧折流区和TcST厌氧区总磷去除效果

    Table  4.   Total phosphorus treatment in the anaerobic baffled zone of FcPTR and anaerobic zone of TcST at different operation stages

    运行阶段进水TP浓度/
    (mg/L)
    反应器厌氧区
    出水TP浓度/
    (mg/L)
    释磷量/
    (mg/L)
    3.0±0.4TcST16.0±1.613.0±1.2
    FcPTR16.7±0.913.7±0.5
    3.2±0.2TcST15.8±1.412.6±1.2
    FcPTR15.3±1.312.1±1.1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  不同运行阶段FcPTR各单元对TP的去除效果

    Table  5.   TP removal in each unit of FcPTR at different operation stages

    运行阶段厌氧折流区好氧区缺氧过滤区
    出水TP浓度/(mg/L)释磷量/(mg/L)出水TP浓度/(mg/L)去除率/%出水TP浓度/(mg/L)去除率/%
    16.7±0.913.8±0.62.8±0.5801.5±0.346
    15.33±1.312.1±1.12.6±0.3792.0±0.223
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  FcPTR和TcST年运行成本分析

    Table  6.   Annual cost analysis of FcPTR and TcST operation

    反应器 费用类型 单价 数量 金额/元
    FcPTR 抽排 50.00元/次 2次/a 100.00
    用工 132.00元/d 1 d/a 132.00
    填料更换 200.00元/次 1次/a 200.00
    电费 0.28元/m3 262.8 m3/a 73.58
    设备维护 200.00元/次 0.3次/a 60.00
    合计 565.58
    TcST 抽排 50.00元/次 5次/a 250.00
    用工 132.00元/d 2.5 d/a 330.00
    管网维护 230.00元/次 0.5次/a 115.00
    集中处理 0.70元/m3 262.8 m3/a 183.96
    合计 878.96
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  FcPTR和TcST单位COD去除成本

    Table  7.   Removal costs of FcPTR and TcST per unit COD

    反应器进水COD/(mg/L)出水COD/(mg/L)10年COD削减量/kg建设成本/元年运行成本/元10年总成本/元COD去除成本/(元/kg)
    FcPTR225100328.53 050.00565.588 705.8026.50
    TcST225100328.52 067.60878.9610 857.2033.05
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  FcPTR和TcST单位$ {\rm {NH}}_4^+ {\text{-N}}$去除成本

    Table  8.   Removal costs of FcPTR and TcST per unit $ {\rm {NH}}_4^+ {\text{-N}}$

    反应器进水$ {\rm {NH}}_4^+ {\text{-N}}$浓度/
    (mg/L)
    出水$ {\rm {NH}}_4^+ {\text{-N}}$浓度/
    (mg/L)
    10年$ {\rm {NH}}_4^+ {\text{-N}}$
    削减量/kg
    建设成本/元年运行成本/元10年总成本/元$ {\rm {NH}}_4^+ {\text{-N}}$去除
    成本/(元/kg)
    FcPTR602592.03 050.00565.588 705.8094.63
    TcST602592.02 067.60878.9610 857.20118.01
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-07-28
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