基于碳减排的厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺应用及强化调控进展

陈子健; 周忠波; 孟凡刚

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230649

基于碳减排的厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺应用及强化调控进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230649

1.
广州行政学院
2.
西南大学资源环境学院
3.
中山大学环境科学与工程学院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（32161143031）；中共广东省委党校系统科研规划项目 (2023GDDXXT009)；中共广州市委党校新型智库青年学人扶持课题 (QNXR202302)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈子健(1992—)，男，讲师，博士，主要从事水环境治理研究，chenzj43@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X703
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-07

Advances in application and reinforced control of Anammox nitrogen removal process based on carbon emission reduction

1.
Guangzhou Administration Institute
2.
College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University
3.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University

摘要

摘要:
随着我国“双碳”目标的提出和水处理行业提标改造的重点落在生物脱氮，污水处理厂从关注满足排放许可限制转向实现碳中和、能量自给及资源回收。厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）技术凭借无需外加有机碳源、占地面积小、污泥产量少以及脱氮效率高等节能降耗与碳减排优势，代表着未来污水生物脱氮的发展方向。基于已有研究成果，梳理对比了传统脱氮与Anammox反应的发展历程；重点综述了新兴短程硝化耦合Anammox（PN-A）工艺、短程反硝化耦合Anammox（PD-A）工艺和甲烷型反硝化耦合Anammox（DAMO-Anammox）工艺在城市主流工况的应用进展；详细探讨了主流Anammox工艺面临低温、进水负荷不均和光照等环境因素冲击时，可施行的“侧流污泥补充至主流”“侧流污水间歇性补充至主流”“驯化生物膜颗粒”等内源性以及外源性的强化调控策略及内在机制；最后围绕分子生物学技术、材料科学、数字信息技术和管理政策，对加快Anammox生物脱氮技术的创新发展与推广应用进行了展望。
- 污水处理厂 /
- 厌氧氨氧化（Anammox） /
- 碳减排技术 /
- 强化调控 /
- 生物脱氮
Abstract:
With the proposal of China's "dual carbon" goal and the focus of upgrading the water treatment industry to biological nitrogen removal, sewage treatment plants have shifted from focusing on meeting emission permit limits to realizing carbon neutrality, energy self-sufficiency and resource recovery potential. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) technology, with the advantages of no additional organic carbon source, small footprint, small sludge production and high nitrogen removal efficiency, represents the future development direction of biological nitrogen removal in sewage, with energy saving, consumption reduction and carbon emission reduction. Based on the existing research results, the discovery history of traditional nitrogen removal and Anammox reaction was summarized and compared. The application progress of emerging partial nitrification and Anammox (PN-A), partial denitrification and Anammox (PD-A), and anaerobic methane denitrification and Anammox (DAMO-Anammox) processes in urban mainstream conditions were reviewed. The endogenous and exogenous regulation strategies and their internal mechanisms, which could be implemented when the mainstream Anammox process was confronted with environmental factors such as low temperature, uneven influent load and light, were explored in detail. These strategies include "side-flow sludge supplement to mainstream" "side-flow sewage intermittent supplement to mainstream" and "acclimated biofilm particles", and so so on. Finally, future directions for accelerating the innovative development and application of Anammox nitrogen removal technology were proposed in terms of molecular biology technology, material sciences, digital information technology, and management policies.
- sewage treatment plant (STP) /
- Anammox /
- carbon emission reduction technology /
- reinforced control /
- biological nitrogen removal

HTML全文

图 1 硝化-反硝化、短程硝化-反硝化与厌氧氨氧化途径对比

Figure 1. Comparison of nitrification–denitrification, partial nitrification–denitrification and Anammox pathways

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 主流厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺流程

Figure 2. Schematics of mainstream Anammox nitrogen-removal technologies

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 厌氧氨氧化活性强化调控手段

Table 1. Activity enhancement means of Anammox process

生物强化途径	操作方式	强化机理	数据来源
内源性	侧流污泥补充至主流	提高菌种质量与丰度	文献[57]
	侧流污水间歇性补充至主流	强化菌体合成代谢适应性	文献[59]
	驯化生物膜颗粒	提供附着生长场所，形成内部厌氧环境，提高菌种丰度	文献[62]
外源性	外加无机碳	实现pH缓冲并提供充足碳源	文献[67]
	添加酵母提取物	提供氨基酸等微量元素	文献[68]
	添加铁基材料（零价铁、铁离子）	降低氧化还原电位促进颗粒化	文献[69]
	添加导电材料（氧化石墨烯、碳纤维刷）	促进电子传递	文献[70-71]
	施加物理场（电场、磁场、超声波）	改变细胞膜通透性并增强AnAOB酶的活性	文献[72]
	培养菌藻共生体	联合脱氮促进菌群团聚	文献[73-75]
注：强化调控手段重点针对主流厌氧氨氧化工艺。

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