兴凯湖沉积物重金属生态风险评价及污染特征分析

谢自建; 赵荣博; 汪洋; 王昊; 李春华; 于宗灵; 叶春

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230668

兴凯湖沉积物重金属生态风险评价及污染特征分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230668

谢自建^{1, 2,},
赵荣博^{1, 2, 3},
汪洋^{1, 2},
王昊^{1, 2},
李春华^{1, 2},
于宗灵⁴,
叶春^{1, 2, ,}

1.
湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室，中国环境科学研究院
2.
国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室，中国环境科学研究院
3.
环境与安全工程学院，沈阳化工大学
4.
黑龙江省生态环境监测中心

基金项目: 水污染防治中央储备库项目“兴凯湖流域生态环境调查项目”

详细信息

作者简介:
谢自建（1993—），男，助理研究员，博士，主要从事流域面源污染风险评价与控制技术研究，zjxie2016@163.com

通讯作者:
叶春（1970—），男，研究员，博士，主要从事湖泊生态修复理论与技术研究，yechbj@163.com

中图分类号: X524
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-07

Ecological risk assessment and pollution characteristic analysis of heavy metals in sediments of Xingkai Lake

XIE Zijian^{1, 2
,},
ZHAO Rongbo^{1, 2, 3},
WANG Yang^{1, 2},
WANG Hao^{1, 2},
LI Chunhua^{1, 2},
YU Zongling⁴,
YE Chun^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
3.
College of Environment Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
4.
Monitoring Centre of Ecology and Environment of Heilongjiang Province

摘要

摘要:
兴凯湖是中俄跨国境湖泊，开展兴凯湖沉积物重金属生态风险评价及来源解析，对区域生态环境保护和治理具有重要意义。通过采集兴凯湖中国湖区表层及柱状沉积物样品，测定重金属As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Hg、Ni、Cr和Zn浓度，运用地累积指数法、潜在风险指数法对重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险进行评价，并通过数理统计分析其潜在来源。结果显示：小兴凯湖表层沉积物中Cr、Ni、As、Cr、Hg浓度均值超过黑龙江省土壤背景参考值，大兴凯湖表层沉积物中仅Ni、Cd浓度均值超过黑龙江省土壤背景参考值。地累积指数评价显示小兴凯湖表层沉积物Hg的污染程度较高，主要为轻度污染和偏中度污染，As和Cd以无污染为主、轻度污染次之，大兴凯湖Cd主要为轻度污染，其余重金属主要为无污染。潜在生态风险指数评价显示，兴凯湖表层沉积物总体呈无污染到偏中度污染，Cd为最主要的生态风险因子。As、Hg和Cd是重金属污染的主要因子，受入湖河流上游农业生产活动及矿产开发冶炼的影响，位于小兴凯湖东侧及大兴凯湖西侧区域污染风险相对更高；此外，考虑到大兴凯湖Cd呈底部富集特征，其可能受到自然背景影响。
- 沉积物 /
- 重金属 /
- 生态风险评价 /
- 来源解析 /
- 兴凯湖
Abstract:
Xingkai Lake is a cross-border lake between China and Russia. It is of great practical significance to study the sources and ecological risks of heavy metals in the sediments of Xingkai Lake for the protection and treatment of the regional ecological environment. The surface and columnar sediment samples of Xingkai Lake in China were collected systematically, and the contents of heavy metals As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Cr and Zn were determined. The pollution status and potential ecological risk of heavy metals were evaluated by the geo-accumulation index method and potential risk index method, and their potential sources were analyzed by the mathematical statistics method. The mean values of Cr, Ni, As, Cr and Hg in the surface sediments of Small Xingkai Lake exceeded the reference values of Heilongjiang soil background, while only Ni and Cd in Great Xingkai Lake exceeded the reference values of Heilongjiang soil background. The soil accumulation index evaluation shows that Hg in the surface sediments of Small Xingkai Lake has a high degree of pollution, mainly light pollution and moderate pollution, As and Cd are mainly pollution-free, followed by light pollution, Cd in Great Xingkai Lake is mainly light pollution, and other heavy metals are mainly pollution-free. The evaluation results of the potential ecological risk index show that the surface sediments of Xingkai Lake are generally pollution-free to moderately polluted, and Cd is the most important ecological risk factor. As, Hg and Cd are the main factors of heavy metal pollution, and the areas in the west and east sides of Small Xingkai Lake and the west side of Great Xingkai Lake are more seriously polluted. The pollution is affected by agricultural production activities and mineral exploitation and smelting in the upper reaches. In addition, considering that Cd is enriched at the bottom of Great Xingkai Lake, it may be affected by the natural background.
- sediment /
- heavy metals /
- ecological risk assessment /
- source identification /
- Xingkai Lake

HTML全文

图 1 兴凯湖沉积物采样点

Figure 1. Distribution of sampling points in the sediments of Xingkai Lake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 兴凯湖沉积物重金属浓度的垂直分布

Figure 2. Vertical distribution of heavy metals concentrations in the sediments of Xingkai Lake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 兴凯湖表层沉积物不同重金属地累积指数评价结果

Figure 3. Evaluation results for different heavy metal pollution levels by geological accumulative index in the surface sediments of Xingkai Lake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 兴凯湖表层沉积物重金属地累积指数空间分布

Figure 4. Spatial distribution of geo-accumulation index of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Xingkai Lake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 兴凯湖表层沉积物重金属生态风险评价结果

Figure 5. Box diagram of ecological risk assessment results of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Xingkai Lake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 兴凯湖综合生态风险指数的空间分布

Figure 6. Spatial distribution of comprehensive ecological risk index in Xingkai Lake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 兴凯湖表层沉积物重金属聚类结果

Figure 7. Cluster analysis results of heavy metals in surface sediments of Xingkai Lake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 表层重金属的描述性统计

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of heavy metals in the surface sediments mg/kg　

项目		Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Cd	Pb	Hg
小兴凯湖	平均值	59.0	25.3	19.6	36.7	8.2	0.11	19.3	0.08
	最小值	28.6	11.6	9.0	17.0	5.2	0.08	15.5	0.04
	最大值	73.8	32.9	29.1	56.9	13.2	0.16	22.5	0.13
	标准差	16.2	7.7	6.2	13.8	2.8	0.03	2.9	0.03
	变异系数/%	27.4	30.5	31.4	37.6	34.1	23.8	15.0	39.0
大兴凯湖	平均值	51.6	22.9	13.8	49.1	5.2	0.15	18.0	0.02
	最小值	42.4	16.9	9.9	36.6	2.9	0.10	14.2	0.01
	最大值	60.3	30.9	19.6	59.7	7.1	0.20	22.8	0.04
	标准差	4.2	3.3	2.9	5.9	1.5	0.04	2.6	0.01
	变异系数/%	8.1	14.4	21.3	12.0	28.0	26.7	14.6	32.4
黑龙江省土壤背景参考值^[19]		58.6	22.8	20	70.7	7.3	0.09	24.2	0.04

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表 2 兴凯湖表层沉积物重金属浓度相关关系

Table 2. Correlation of heavy metal contents in the surface sediments of Xingkai Lake

湖区	元素	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Cd	Pb	Hg
小兴凯湖	Cr	1
	Ni	0.990^**	1
	Cu	0.917^**	0.940^**	1
	Zn	0.682	0.737	0.549	1
	As	0.341	0.38	0.383	0.186	1
	Cd	0.685	0.756	0.840^*	0.649	0.068	1
	Pb	0.937^**	0.961^**	0.844^*	0.889^*	0.278	0.763	1
	Hg	0.734	0.76	0.587	0.897^*	0.121	0.575	0.890^*	1
大兴凯湖	Cr	1
	Ni	0.930^**	1
	Cu	0.714^**	0.879^**	1
	Zn	0.864^**	0.903^**	0.845^**	1
	As	0.633^**	0.775^**	0.924^**	0.822^**	1
	Cd	0.345	0.478	0.716^**	0.696^**	0.803^**	1
	Pb	0.410	0.498^*	0.712^**	0.729^**	0.803^**	0.956^**	1
	Hg	0.657^**	0.803^**	0.819^**	0.736^**	0.732^**	0.471	0.487	1
注：表示P<0.05，相关性显著；*表示P<0.01，相关性极显著。

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