我国城市群环境空气颗粒物浓度分布特征研究

刘莹; 和金梅; 郭敏; 谭玉菲; 赵彦云; 王宗爽

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230707

我国城市群环境空气颗粒物浓度分布特征研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230707

1.
中国人民大学统计学院
2.
中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3703001）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘莹(1997—)，女，博士，主要从事环境经济统计研究，lytx1106@163.com

通讯作者:
王宗爽(1978—)，男，研究员，博士，主要从事国家大气与应对气候变化生态环境标准研究，wzoshuang@163.com

中图分类号: X51
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- 文章访问数: 150
- HTML全文浏览量: 180
- PDF下载量: 58
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-05
- 录用日期: 2024-01-16
- 修回日期: 2023-12-18

Study on the distribution characteristics of air particle concentration in urban agglomeration in China

1.
School of Statistics, Renmin University of China
2.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
利用2015—2022年颗粒物（PM_2.5和PM₁₀）监测数据，从浓度水平和统计学分布2个角度，采用日均浓度、年均浓度、概率论角度达标情况和达标所需浓度降低量4个维度分析我国10个城市群（169个城市）的颗粒物浓度分布特征及异同。结果表明，我国城市群内部颗粒物浓度污染水平趋于平稳，城市群之间颗粒物浓度差异较大。我国城市群颗粒物浓度存在分层现象，根据颗粒物浓度水平将10个城市群分为高浓度、中浓度、低浓度城市群3类。从统计学分布角度也分为3类，但关中平原城市群被划分到高浓度城市群，其余城市群分类则不变。我国城市群之间颗粒物达标（ GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准）所需浓度降低量差异显著。海峡西岸城市群的PM_2.5和PM₁₀以及珠三角城市群的PM₁₀已经达标，而中原、关中平原、京津冀和山东半岛城市群如果要达标，PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度分别需降低50%和27%以上。建议科学制定符合我国国情的颗粒物区域阶段目标值，推动城市群结合自身情况加快分阶段达标。
- 城市群 /
- 颗粒物 /
- 浓度分布特征 /
- 统计特征
Abstract:
Based on the monitoring data of particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) from 2015 to 2022, the concentration distribution characteristics and similarities and differences of particulate matter in 10 urban agglomerations (169 cities) in China were analyzed from the perspectives of daily average concentration, annual average concentration, compliance from a probability theory angle, and the required concentration reduction for compliance. The results indicated that the pollution levels of particulate matter within urban agglomerations in China tend to stabilize, while significant differences existed among different urban agglomerations. The concentration of particulate matter within urban agglomerations in China exhibited a stratified pattern. Based on the concentration levels, the 10 urban agglomerations were categorized into three groups: high, medium, and low concentrations. This classification remained consistent when viewed from a statistical distribution perspective, except for the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration, which was classified as a high-concentration urban agglomeration. The differences in the required concentration reduction for compliance (secondary standard of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012)) were significant among urban agglomerations. The PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ levels in the Western Taiwan Strait urban agglomerations and the PM₁₀ levels in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration have already met the standards. However, in order for the Central Plains, Guanzhong Plain, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and Shandong Peninsula urban agglomerations to meet the standards, the concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ needed to be reduced by more than 50% and 27%, respectively. It was recommended to scientifically establish regional stage target values for particulate matter in line with China's national conditions, to accelerate compliance in urban agglomerations in stages based on their own conditions.s.
- urban agglomeration /
- particulate matter /
- concentration distribution characteristics /
- statistical characteristics

HTML全文

图 1 10个城市群分布

Figure 1. Distribution map of 10 urban agglomerations

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 10个城市群2015—2022年PM_2.5和PM₁₀日均浓度

Figure 2. Box plots of daily mean concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ for 10 urban agglomerations from 2015 to 2022

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 10个城市群2015—2022年PM_2.5和PM₁₀年均浓度

Figure 3. Scatter plots of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ annual average values for 10 urban agglomerations from 2015 to 2022

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 10个城市群2022年PM_2.5和PM₁₀浓度直方图

Figure 4. Histograms of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentration for 10 urban agglomerations in 2022

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 10个城市群PM_2.5和PM₁₀未达标频率

Table 1. Frequency of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ non-compliance in 10 urban agglomerations %　

城市群	PM_2.5	PM₁₀
ZY	13.7	7.3
GZPY	11.0	6.9
JJJ	7.9	3.5
SDBD	6.6	3.1
CY	5.7	1.1
CJZY	4.7	0.8
LZN	3.1	0.8
CSJ	1.8	0.4
ZSJ	0.5	0.0
HXXA	0.1	0.0

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 10个城市群PM_2.5和PM₁₀超标临界浓度及达标所需降低量

Table 2. Exceeding critical concentration and reduction required for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ compliance in 10 urban agglomerations

城市群	PM_2.5		PM₁₀
城市群	超标临界浓度/ （μg/m³）	降低量/%	超标临界浓度/ （μg/m³）	降低量/%
ZY	205.70	63.5	287.41	47.8
GZPY	189.89	60.5	294.19	49.0
JJJ	177.64	57.8	240.07	37.5
SDBD	158.96	52.8	206.53	27.4
CY	150.04	50.0	192.23	22.0
CJZY	139.12	46.1	177.26	15.4
LZN	125.60	40.3	178.24	15.8
CSJ	106.32	29.5	157.56	4.8
ZSJ	85.51	12.3	103.40	−45.1
HXXA	63.56	−18.0	86.60	−73.2

下载: 导出CSV

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